gender and energy: approtech asia's practical experience at the household and enterprise level
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15 July 2011
ADB headquarter, Manila
The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of theAsian Development Bank (ADB), or its Board of Governors, or the governments they represent. ADB does notguarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of theiruse. The countries listed in this paper do not imply any view on ADB's part as to sovereignty or independent status or
necessarily conform to ADB's terminology.
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Significance of Gender in Energy Intervention
Why should gender be taken into account in
energy projects and planning?Men and women are both developers and users of energy
technology or beneficiaries of energy projects
Men and women use energy for different things
Energy technology have different effects on men andwomen
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Gender Mainstreaming vs.
Women Only Energy Projects
The traditional approach to energy policy and planninghas assumedgender neutrality.
What we find in reality is that energy planning isgender-blindsuch that it fails to recognise that needs of men andwomen are different.
If we aim to ensure that women and men benefit from
energy policies and programmes we aim to ensure that thepolicies aregender aware
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Meeting Womens Needs in Energy Projects
Examples of Energy Meets Womens Practical, Productive, and Strategic Needs
Energy Form Womens needs and issues
Practical needs Productive needs Strategic interests
Improved biomass
(supply and
conversion
technology)
improved health
through better stovesless time and effort in
gathering and carrying
firewood
more time for
productive activitieslower cost for
process heat for
income generating
activities
control of natural
forests in community
forestry management
frameworks.
Mechanical milling and grindingreduces drudgerytransport and
portering of water and
crops
increases variety ofenterprises
transport allowingaccess to commercial
and social/political
opportunities
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Gender in Project cycle
Research/Baseline
study
Validationwith
partners
ProjectPlanning
Implementation
Monitoring& reportingEvaluation
&reporting
Sustain-ability
Replication/expansion
/ level up
Newprojects
Discussio
n withpartners
Each activity involves discussion with women and men
Rolesneeds
agreements
Formulate gendergoals & strategies;
plan activities
Genderequity
Identify genderindicators, track
them
Genderresults
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Research and Pilot Projects on Gender and Energy
Enabling . . . with technical support from DfID Knowledge and Research and Universityof Twente, ENERGIA (Philippines, Nigeria, Brazil)Food micro-entrepreneurs (FMEs) spend thirty (30) percent of their budget on
cooking energy. Many use biomass energy in traditional cookstoves.
Ambulant Food Vendors: Energy-Efficient Stoves and Hygienic, Healthy Food with UNDPREP-PoR, ENERGIA
Intervention: energy-efficient charcoal cookstove and financingAFVs save thirty (30) percent on energy expense from using energy-efficient
cookstove compared to traditional stoves, fifty (50) percent on kerosene andseventy (70) percent on LPG.
Outcomes: contributes to UN MDGs 1 (increased income), 2 (children in school), 3(reduce drudgery, gain self-esteem from knowledge and skills learned, becomeleaders/resource persons/trainers resulting to empowered women), 4 (improvednutrition, improved emotional state, better treatment in family), 7 (water,
personal hygiene and environmental sanitation) and 8 (network and partnershipat local and global level).
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continued
Retrofitting Kitchen of Food Micro-Entrepreneurs with CIDA-AIT SEA-UEMA, GWA, ENERGIA
Intervention: energy-efficient institutional stove, improved indoorair quality, capacity development, social network
FMEs using institutional coosktoves save up to fifty (50)percent on biomass fuel compared to their improvised ortraditional stoves. The kitchen is clean & organized withnatural ventilation and lighting, water and sanitation
facilities and functional working area.Outcomes: contributes to UN MDGs 1, 2, 3, 4, 7 and 8
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continued
Indigenous Nutritious Food Promoted by Entrepreneurial Poorwith World Bank Development Marketplace 2007
Five mothers of school children in Binondo learned baking ina common or central kitchen of the Alternative Learning
System (ALS). Within six (6) months, each mother owned anoven, through financing, baked bread and otherconfectionary products sold to school canteen, neighborsand friends and became successful entrepreneurs.
Outcomes: UN MDGs 1, 2,3, 4 and 7.
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continued
Business Model of Briquette Production from Agricultural Residue with PanibagongParaan 2008 and Peace and Equity Foundation (PEF)
Women and men of ATAP with technical assistance from LGU-Tupi, produce and sellcharcoal briquettes from agricultural residues for cooking and poultry broodingusing energy-efficient, women-friendly machines. Poultry growers save from 70-80percent on energy for brooding using the briquette compared to LPG. Local
Ordinance s were passed to regulate open field burning in pineapple plantationsrealizing a saving of over fourteen thousand pesos per hectare for diesel andlabour expenses but giving livelihood activities to farm workers/hired labourersand their family members and reducing outdoor pollution, especially smoke fromburning residual crops, and GHG from decomposing agricultural residues.Agricultural practices contribute 70 percent methane emission.
Outcomes: contributes to UN MDGs 1, 3, 4, 7 and 8.
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Capacity development: gender trainings (women and men areaware of their role and rules in the family and the food businessresulting to family solidarity and cooperation shift from
wife/mother livelihood activity to family enterprise), hygieneand sanitation (proper hand washing & waste disposal,
acquisition of health cards), GMP (improved time and motion),food processing (variety and increased volume of food products),meal planning (healthy & nutritious food), business planning(savings and investment), food packaging (environment-friendly), recording/bookkeeping/accounting, etc.)
Energy-efficient technologies: improved cookstove, solar-powered LED lighting, solar water disinfection, etc.
Micro-finance facility: clean and improved cooking and eatingutensils, improved stalls and facilities, childrens education,housing and transport facility, etc.
Interventions
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challenges
We work with local partners: reaching out to over300,000 food micro-entrepreneurs in Metro Manila
alone
Monitoring of application of skills and behavior
change; tracking gender indicators
Documentation of impact and translating them topolicy
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Approtech Asiawww.approtech.orgEmail: [email protected], [email protected]
http://www.approtech.org/mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.approtech.org/