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Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
GENDER AND MARKET GOVERNANCE
Ramona Ridolfi, Marie Cadrin, Zahra Khan, & Richard Rose
5 March, 2015
Session Objectives and Overview
Objective 1:Understand
the concepts and relevance
of gender and market
governance.
• Objective 2: Investigate
gender and market
governance gaps.
• Objective 3: Formulate
your takeaways and apply
these to your own work.
1. Brief PROSHAR overview,
Marie Cadrin
2. ENHANCING MARKET
LINKAGES presentation
Richard Rose
3. Gender Equality and
Women’s Empowerment
Concepts – Ramona Ridolfi
4. Market Governance – Zahra
Khan
5. Q&A
6. Group task to investigate in
gender and market
governance gaps.
7. Reflection on takeaways
Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
Marie Cadrin Chief of Party – USAID-funded PROSHAR ACDI-VOCA
CoP of PROSHAR (Program for Strengthening
Household Access to Resources) since 2011.
25 years of experience in the areas of
livelihoods, food security and microfinance,
with the goal of improving household incomes
and/or the health status of mothers and
children.
Advocate for women’s empowerment in the
economic, social and civil society sectors.
Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
Richard Rose Technical Director – Programs for International Development Enterprises (iDE) in Bangladesh
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Responsible for the Food Security and Nutrition
and Agricultural Markets portfolios. Including:
Profitable Opportunities for Food Security
(PROOFS) project funded by the Embassy of
the Kingdom of the Netherlands (EKN)
USAID-funded Cereal Systems Initiative South
Asia – Mechanization and Irrigation (CSISA-MI)
iDE’s technical advisory support to the USAID
MYAP Program for Strengthening Households
Access to Resources (PROSHAR)
Previously a consultant for Swisscontact for the
AusAID-funded Introducing Market Development
Indonesia (IMDI) program.
Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
Zahra Khan Gender and Market Development Technical Specialist – iDE Bangladesh
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Zahra works with the Programs Unit at iDE
managing the organization’s gender portfolio and
supporting all activities related to the USAID
MYAP Program for Strengthening Households Access to Resources (PROSHAR).
Zahra has previously worked on governance
related interventions with The Urban Institute in
Washington DC for USAID’s Democratic Effective
Municipalities Initiative (DEMI) in Kosovo.
Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
Ramona Ridolfi Gender Manager – HKI Bangladesh
Responsible for gender integration within all
program aspects at HKI Bangladesh.
Direct lead of gender-focused initiatives,
including:
TOPS-funded Nurturing Connections adaptation
in Satkhira (South-West Bangladesh)
Gender and Market Governance Study for
PROSHAR.
Co-founder and Chair of the (I)NGOs Gender
Working Group in Bangladesh.
Previous experience in USAID-funded Nobo Jibon
program and in UN Women Pakistan and Australia.
Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
Program for Strengthening Household Access to Resources
MYAP Award Number: AID-FFP-A-10-00012
Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
PROSHAR
Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
PROSHAR
Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
WHAT WERE THE COMMUNITY
INSTITUTIONS THAT WERE DEVELOPED
THROUGH THE EML COMPONENT?
Ramona Ridolfi, Marie Cadrin, Zahra Khan, & Richard Rose
5 March, 2015
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Fundació
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Richard Rose, iDE Bangladesh. The Importance of Creating Demand, Challenges and Learning. CODESPA Conference: Technologies and services for the Base of the Pyramid.
Challenges and keys to maximize its social impact, Madrid, Spain, 6th November, 2014
Mission to create income and livelihood
opportunities for poor rural households.
iDE delivers Market Systems Development
through:
- Technology commercialization
- Institutional commercialization
- Product design and innovation
Focused on:
- Agricultural Markets
- Food Security & Nutrition
- Water, Sanitation & Hygiene (WaSH)
- Technology & Innovation
• Founded in 1982
• iDE currently operates 12 country programs in Asia,
Africa, and Latin America
• Delivered more than 250 projects in market and
private sector developed valued at over $150 million
in over 20 countries worldwide
• Funding from more than 90 donors, including USAID,
the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, DFID, CIDA,
and the World Bank
• Recipient of over 10 international development and
design awards since 2004
• Employs over 500 staff worldwide
Market Development: Reaching the Most Vulnerable
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 3, 2015
iDE’s technical approach in PROSHAR looked at
adapting M4P for livelihoods programs
This involved:
Building the capacity of the
implementing partners
(Shushilan, CODEC, Muslim Aid)
to deliver market-based
interventions
Developing market infrastructure
to commercialize groups and
benefit poor and vulnerable
populations
Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
12
Building upon investments PROSHAR made in
group formation and technical capacity
Producer Groups with Master Trainers Individual Producers
Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
P
P
P
P
P MT
13 Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
This social and intellectual capital provided a basis
to commercialize the groups and build apex CIs
Producer Groups Farm Business Groups
FBG
FBGs serve to:
- Formulate business
plans/ identify
production
opportunities
- Transfer technical
knowledge within a
wider forum
- Enable bulk
purchases of inputs
- Represent the
producers to public
and private service
providers
14 Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
Farm Business Groups
Market linkages between the FBGs and the local
public/ private sector, and service providers
FBA
CP
Input and service
providers
Buyers
Commodity buyers
FBG
15 Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
The system has nurtured trust-based commercial
relationships and market access for the small-holders/
livelihoods groups
Increased and diversified production as a
result of technology transfer
Increased production in poultry, tilapia
75.9% (2014) cultivate a new
crop/product as a result of PROSHAR
intervention (2013 – 42.7%)
PROSHAR Annual Survey 2013-14
Improved commercial behaviors PG members bulking as a result of PROSHAR
intervention increased from 4.1% to 71.2%
Sales for FBG members (in Oct-Dec 2013 - USD
9617 and in Jul-Sep 2014 - USD 146,656);
increased sales in CP from USD 292 in Oct-Dec
2013 to USD 69,696 in Jul-Sep 2014
Improved market access Increased market access for agricultural
smallholders – now 60.1% (2014)
compared to 47.4% (2013)
Increased market access for alternative
livelihood groups members – now 88.6%
(2014) compared to 65.6% (2013)
16 Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
Considering gender and market governance
Governance
How can the infrastructure
created continue to serve
the vulnerable groups?
Gender
Is a key consideration with
regards to vulnerability
given the strong focus from
PROSHAR on gender
Female Male
Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT
Ramona Ridolfi, Marie Cadrin, Zahra Khan, & Richard Rose
5 March, 2015
Helen Keller International – Helen Keller International (HKI) has more than 180
programs reaching 100 million people each year in 21 African and Asian countries, as well as in the US.
– In Bangladesh: food security (Homestead Food Production), access to income, nutrition and blindness prevention.
Mission – To save the sight and lives of the most vulnerable and
disadvantaged. We combat the causes and consequences of blindness and malnutrition by establishing programs based on evidence and research in vision, health and nutrition.
HELEN KELLER INTERNATIONAL: WHO WE ARE
18
Gender: – Gender Equality and Women’s Empowerment is a key focus of
the organization’s work.
– Integrated across programs, from nutrition to HFP and market inclusion. Helen Keller in Burma, 1955
Photo: © Public Domain
WHY FOCUS ON “GENDER EQUALITY” AND “WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT” WITHIN THE MARKET SYSTEM DESCRIBED IN PROSHAR?
GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT
19 USAID Leo Brief - WEE
“Inclusive Market Systems have the structures that enable women’s equal access to resources and catalyze women’s agency to act upon the acquisition of those resources and influence the system they live in”. [USAID – WEE]
• Gender Equality refers to a society in which men and women enjoy the same rights, opportunities, resources, obligations, and benefits. Gender equality does not suggest that men and women are the same, but that everyone has equal value and the right to not be discriminated against based on their gender or biological sex.
• Women’s Empowerment is a critical aspect of achieving gender equality. Women’s empowerment is achieved when women and girls acquire the power to act freely, exercise their rights, and fulfill their potential. While empowerment often comes from within individuals themselves, cultures, societies, and institutions create conditions that facilitate or undermine the possibilities for empowerment.
[USAID, LEO BRIEF - WEE]
GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT
20
WHAT ARE SOME UNIQUE BARRIERS THAT WOMEN FACE WITHIN MARKET SYSTEMS?
GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT
21
- Resources - Opportunities - Networks - Services
- Mobility - Time
MOBILITY
Ability to leave the homestead to seize market opportunities without movement being scrutinized and controlled by others, ability to collaborate with peers and leaders.
Female Business Advisors: “I do not go to Dhaka, my husband goes. He goes to different shops and sells karchupi to whom gives him the highest price.”
GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT
22
TIME CONSTRAINTS The burden of household duties and
time spent conducting unpaid and
unrecognized domestic labor
(cooking, cleaning, child care etc.),
Female Business Advisor: “After completing all the household chores they [female producers] do the production work as quickly as possible.”
GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT
23
“Ability to make decisions and act on opportunities that lead to advancement.” [USAID – WEE]
Her Voice!
Photo: © M.Ameen/HKI
COMMUNITY ATTITUDES/GENDERED RULES
GENDER EQUALITY AND WOMEN’S EMPOWERMENT
24
Gendered Rules Descriptions
Informal Norms Gender-roles, taboos, expectations
Relations How men and women engage in relationships
Formal Laws Rules of conduct formally recognized (e.g.: personal property and inheritance laws)
Policies Regulations, procedures and other principles formally adopted by an institution (farmers’ cooperative policy).
Source: USAID LEO BRIEF - WEE
Source: Springfield Center
Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
INTRODUCING MARKET GOVERNANCE
Ramona Ridolfi, Marie Cadrin, Zahra Khan, & Richard Rose
5 March, 2015
What is Market Governance?
Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
Market governance can be understood as
the formal or informal rules that affect the
behavior of various economic actors in a
particular market system
Governance is implicitly addressed in the
M4P approach:
Aligns with market actor incentives
Takes on facilitative role
How can we analyze, address and monitor
governance related constraints?
How to Analyze Governance Issues?
file:///C:/Users/Richard/Downloads/ediscussion_on_governance_and_m4p.pdf
Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
5 Principles of Good Governance
Accountability
Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
Refers to a relationship of control of power between a principal and an
agent as well as to the obligation of people holding power to explain their
decisions. In addition, it concerns the duty of the controlling agencies to
reward good performance and to sanction abuses of power.
Transparency
Implies that people can obtain information about the rationale underlying
decisions, decision-making criteria, the intended manner of implementing
a decision, and any insight into its effects.
Principal Agent
Answerability
Enforcement
Figure 1: Conceptualization of Accountability
5 Principles of Good Governance
implies that all population segments need to be connected to the political
and social processes that affect them.
Participation
Non Discrimination
means that no group may be excluded from power and resources. This implies
that proactive public integration policies for excluded or marginalized groups
need to be implemented
Efficiency
implies that financial and human resources are used in optimal fashion (in other
words, the target is fixed in relation to the resources, or the resources are adapted
to the fixed target), without waste, corruption, or delays.
Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
What Is The Relevance of Market Governance?
Where are the gaps?
How could local market system be sustainably enhanced?
What interventions should be developed and deployed to support
the governance, formal or informal, of the local market system to
the benefit of the poorest and most vulnerable?
How can market infrastructure developed under projects
continue to work in the interest of the poorest and most
marginalized farmers once project is over?
Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
Focus on:
Incentives of market actors
State of marginalized producers
Market Systems Map
Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
QUESTIONS?
Ramona Ridolfi, Marie Cadrin, Zahra Khan, & Richard Rose
5 March, 2015
Market Systems Map showing gender information
Female Male
FBG
Local out put buyers
Local input sellers
Large scale buyers
Inputs suppliers
Producers
PG
PG
FBA
Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
GROUP WORK
Task 1: Describe the relationship between
the market actors in the circle.
Task 2: Identify the potential gender
constraints of the market actors in relation
to each other.
Task 3: Identify some of the issues related
to accountability, transparency, non-
discrimination, efficiency and participation
and how they could be overcome.
Market Systems Map showing gender information
Female Male
Local out put buyers
Local input sellers
Large scale buyers
Inputs suppliers
Producers
PG
PG
FBG FBA
Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
FBG
Market Systems Map showing gender information
Female Male
FBG
Local out put buyers
Local input sellers
Large scale buyers
Inputs suppliers
Producers
PG
PG
FBA
Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
CPMC
Market Systems Map showing gender information
Female Male
FBG
Local out put buyers
Local input sellers
Large scale buyers
Inputs suppliers
Producers
PG
PG
FBA
Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
CPMC
Gender and Market Governance
The Westin Hotel, Dhaka, March 5, 2015
THANK YOU
Ramona Ridolfi, Marie Cadrin, Zahra Khan, & Richard Rose
5 March, 2015