gender development. paper assignment gender dev. gender identity –3 rd birthday –sense of being...
Post on 15-Jan-2016
215 views
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Gender Development. Paper Assignment Gender Dev. Gender Identity –3 rd birthday –sense of being boy or girl –Categorize others –Superficial changes with](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649d4e5503460f94a2dd79/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Gender Development
![Page 2: Gender Development. Paper Assignment Gender Dev. Gender Identity –3 rd birthday –sense of being boy or girl –Categorize others –Superficial changes with](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649d4e5503460f94a2dd79/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Paper Assignment
![Page 3: Gender Development. Paper Assignment Gender Dev. Gender Identity –3 rd birthday –sense of being boy or girl –Categorize others –Superficial changes with](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649d4e5503460f94a2dd79/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Gender Dev.
• Gender Identity– 3rd birthday– sense of being boy or girl– Categorize others– Superficial changes with appearance and
behavior– Gender Segregation (cross cultural) begins to
emerge (girls first at age 2)—full blown by elementary school!
![Page 4: Gender Development. Paper Assignment Gender Dev. Gender Identity –3 rd birthday –sense of being boy or girl –Categorize others –Superficial changes with](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649d4e5503460f94a2dd79/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Gender Development. Paper Assignment Gender Dev. Gender Identity –3 rd birthday –sense of being boy or girl –Categorize others –Superficial changes with](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649d4e5503460f94a2dd79/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Gender Dev.
• Gender Stability– 3-4 years– Gender is stable over time– Still superficial, changes with appearance and
behavior
![Page 6: Gender Development. Paper Assignment Gender Dev. Gender Identity –3 rd birthday –sense of being boy or girl –Categorize others –Superficial changes with](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649d4e5503460f94a2dd79/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Gender Dev.
• Gender Constancy– 5-7 years– Gender is stable over time AND across all
situations– Closely related to Conservation understanding
![Page 7: Gender Development. Paper Assignment Gender Dev. Gender Identity –3 rd birthday –sense of being boy or girl –Categorize others –Superficial changes with](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649d4e5503460f94a2dd79/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Gender Development. Paper Assignment Gender Dev. Gender Identity –3 rd birthday –sense of being boy or girl –Categorize others –Superficial changes with](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649d4e5503460f94a2dd79/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Gender Differences Across Dev.• Toy preferences as early as 1 year
– Not only preference for gender typical toys but neutral toys if believed gender appropriate
• Play Style– Rough and tumble play– Large vs small groups– Competition (50% males, 1% females)– Pretend play (heroes vs. families)– Aggression (physical vs. verbal/relational)
• Communication– Shared emotion vs. shared activities/interests– Problem solving: Compromises vs. physical force
![Page 9: Gender Development. Paper Assignment Gender Dev. Gender Identity –3 rd birthday –sense of being boy or girl –Categorize others –Superficial changes with](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649d4e5503460f94a2dd79/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Gender Development. Paper Assignment Gender Dev. Gender Identity –3 rd birthday –sense of being boy or girl –Categorize others –Superficial changes with](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649d4e5503460f94a2dd79/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
![Page 11: Gender Development. Paper Assignment Gender Dev. Gender Identity –3 rd birthday –sense of being boy or girl –Categorize others –Superficial changes with](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649d4e5503460f94a2dd79/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Biological vs. Psychological Explanations
Biological Explanations
• Animal models
• Genetic disorders
• Pregnant women who needed hormone therapy
![Page 12: Gender Development. Paper Assignment Gender Dev. Gender Identity –3 rd birthday –sense of being boy or girl –Categorize others –Superficial changes with](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649d4e5503460f94a2dd79/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Biological Explanations• Female rats and rhesus macaques treated with
testosterone = increased male-typical sexual behavior, rough and tumble play, activity level, aggression]
• In humans when androgen reduced during pregnancy females = more feminine clothing, less ‘Tomboyish’
• Critical periods (different for different sex-typed behavior)– ~8 weeks gestation – 6 months of age
• Sex/gender is a continuous variable (biologically)
![Page 13: Gender Development. Paper Assignment Gender Dev. Gender Identity –3 rd birthday –sense of being boy or girl –Categorize others –Superficial changes with](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649d4e5503460f94a2dd79/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Biological Explanations
• CAH Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia– a group of inherited disorders– deficiency in steroid hormones (cortisol and
aldosterone) which leads to overproduction of androgen (male sex hormone)
– 1 in 10-20,000 births– Females: ambiguous genitalia, “masculine”
physical traits– Males: enter puberty much earlier
![Page 14: Gender Development. Paper Assignment Gender Dev. Gender Identity –3 rd birthday –sense of being boy or girl –Categorize others –Superficial changes with](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649d4e5503460f94a2dd79/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Biological Explanations
• CAH girls/CAH induced (adrogens in pregnancy)– More time with “male” toys– Greater preference for male playmates– Reduced gender identity– Less satisfaction with gender– Mixed results on aggression/rough-&-tumble
play
![Page 15: Gender Development. Paper Assignment Gender Dev. Gender Identity –3 rd birthday –sense of being boy or girl –Categorize others –Superficial changes with](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649d4e5503460f94a2dd79/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Psychological Explanations
Social Learning Theorya) Identify with same-sex parents (and peers) = same sex modeling
b) Differential treatments/reinforcement based on gender– Not a lot of differences in treatment but,
– Gender-based activities/toys/interests
– Gender-specific vocabulary
– Physical stimulation (boys)
– Talk and emotions (girls)
Direction? Are parents causing gender differences or reacting to them?
![Page 16: Gender Development. Paper Assignment Gender Dev. Gender Identity –3 rd birthday –sense of being boy or girl –Categorize others –Superficial changes with](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649d4e5503460f94a2dd79/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Psychological Explanations
Cognitive Theory– Little emphasis on parenting/reinforcement– Not imitation of individuals– Build Gender Schemas/StereotypesGeneralizations across groups rather than individuals (i.e.
gender stereotypes)
Social Cognitive Theory– ~ Combination of Social Learning and
Cognitive
![Page 17: Gender Development. Paper Assignment Gender Dev. Gender Identity –3 rd birthday –sense of being boy or girl –Categorize others –Superficial changes with](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649d4e5503460f94a2dd79/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Debates
• Which theory do you find most convincing?
• What do you see as the most damning evidence against any particular theory?
• What implications do the different theories have for the legal system?
![Page 18: Gender Development. Paper Assignment Gender Dev. Gender Identity –3 rd birthday –sense of being boy or girl –Categorize others –Superficial changes with](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649d4e5503460f94a2dd79/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Gender Identity and Transsexuality
http://www.cinematter.com/madeleine.html
1998 2001