Gender Differences of the Pelvis: Why would this be?

Figure 5.24cTypical Male Typical Female

More upright, narrow Inlet of true pelvis, thicker bones, larger acetabulum, pubic arch = 60-70°

Tilted forward, broad Inlet of true pelvis (birth canal), lighter/thinner bones, smaller acetabulum, pubic arch = 80-90°

You DO have to know these bones…

Figure 5.7

…I’m getting dizzy…

Figure 5.9

…that’s anatomy for you…it is possible!

Figure 5.11

Orbits – what 7 bones?

Figure 7.9b

Nasal Cavity

Figure 7.10a

Sphenoid

Frontal

Nasal

Inferior Nasal Concha

MaxillaPalatine

Ethmoid

Nasal Septum

Figure 7.10b

Paranasal Sinuses – hollow portions of skull

– Lighten the skull– Amplify voice– Continuity w/ respiratory tract leads to sinus infections– What 5 bones?

The Hyoid Bone Only bone with no bone

articulations Moveable base for tongue Aids in swallowing and

speech

The Fetal Skull is not fully formed

Fontanels—fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones (a.k.a. soft spots)

Allows brain growth, slight compression during birth Convert to bone by 24 months

The Vertebral Column

• Vertebrae named by location separated by intervertebral discs

• 7 cervical (neck)• 12 thoracic (articulate w/ ribs)• 5 lumbar (lower back)

Sacrum = 5 fused vertebrae

Coccyx = 3-5 fused vertebrae

7am breakfast, 12 noon lunch,5pm dinner?

The Vertebral Column – changes shape between birth and walking

– Secondary curvatures of cervical and lumbar regions develop after birth

Primary curves

Secondary curves

Lordosis = exaggerated secondary lumbar curvature (often seen in pregnant women)Kyphosis = exaggerated primary thoracic curvature (humpback)Scoliosis = abnormal lateral curvatures

Vertebral Column: Ligaments

Figure 7.14a

Vertebral Column: Intervertebral Discs

Figure 7.14b

Atlas (1st Cervical Vertebrae)

Figure 5.18a

Atlas = C1, Articulation with occipital condyle = “YES”

Figure 5.9

Axis (Second Cervical Vertebrae)

Figure 5.18a

Axis = C2, Dens articulation with Atlas = “NO”; also prevents

hyperextension of neck

a.k.a. odontoid process

Cervical vertebrae have small openings for important nerves and vessels of the head

Figure 5.18b

Present in all vertebrae

Only in Cervical

Vertebrae

Thoracic vertebrae have extra facets for rib articulation(look like giraffes?)

Figure 5.18c

Lumbar Vertebrae have massive bodies to bear weight(Look like moose?)

Figure 5.18d

The Bony Thorax protects major organs

Consists of three parts Sternum Ribs

True ribs (pairs 1–7)

False ribs (pairs 8–12)

Floating ribs (pairs 11–12)

Thoracic vertebrae