Hilda Rømer Christensen Co-ordination for Gender StudiesUniversity of Copenhagen

Gender dimensions in

research and education.

Challenges and lessons to be learned

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Enhedens navn

Sted og dato

Scientific commitees, expertgroups etc

2004-2005.Styreleder (chair) at the Board of Nordisk Institut for Kvinde- og Kønsforskning, Oslo appointed by Nordisk Ministerråd./ Danish Minister of Equality, 2010-present: Sino- Danish University Centre, Beijing: Member of Scientific committee on Welfare and Innovation.

2013 – 2018: member of the EU/ FP 8/ HORIZON 2020: Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions’ Advisory Group / appointed by the EU Commission.

2014 – 2018: member of the EU/ FP 8/ HORIZON 2020/ Advisory Group on Gender, appointed by the EU Commission.

2014 – present: member of the reference group for Horizon 2020 Transport, app. By the Danish research Council.

Management experiences international networks and projects:

2006-2007: Head of TRANSGEN. SSA project financed by the European Commission. FP 6. 2007-2011. Partner in FEMCIT. Integrated project financed by the European Commission/ FP6

2009-2012: Partner in SKILL-RAIL. European Rail programme. SSÅP/ EU FP 7 Programme .

2012-2015: Member of the EU COST Action: Gender, Science, Technology and Environment – gender STE.

2017-2019: Head of “ A New Nordic Model of Sustainable Transport for All? Gendering knowledge, methodology and innovation.” Nordic research Network financed by Nos-SH.

2018-2021: Partner/conceptual PI of TINNGO – HORIZON 2020 R and I project.

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Transgen – Gender MainstreamingTransport and mobility in the EU

https://koensforskning.soc.ku.dk/projekter/transgen/

Transport practices

Transport as a labour market

Decision making - politicsand research

Cultures and values

• TINNGO: Transport innovation gender observatory

EU horizon 2020 project

2018-2021

17 partners

Focus

Gender sensitive challenges, needs and

Gender smart mobility

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Tekst starter uden

dato og ”Enhedens

What is needed?

1. Researchers: need to learn advancedmethods of sex-gender analysis

2. Universities need to incorporate thesemethods in their curriculum

3. Corporations: integrate these insights intoproduct design - gendered innovations

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Enhedens navn

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Depart from gendered innovations/Londa Schiebinger

focus of presentation:

1. concepts: What is gender/ sex gender analysis?

2. Good practice: research directory and Gender certificate as good practice

3. Cases/projects of gendered innovations

Energy, food, transport.

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What is gender….

”gender” shall mean the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities and attributes of women and men.”

•It is nonsense. Men are

•men and women are women.

•There might be a certain kind

•or social influence, but

•nontheless we are the

•genders, we are born with.

Tekst starter uden

dato og ”Enhedens

What is gender….

”gender” shall mean the socially constructed roles, behaviours, activities and attributes of women and men.”

Article 3 Definitions: Council of Europe Convention on prevention and combating violence against women and domestic violence:

It is nonsense. Men are

men and women are women.

There might be a certain kind

or social influence, but

nontheless we are the

genders, we are born with.

Pia Adelsteen-

spokeswomen for gender equality,

Danish People’s Party

Tekst starter uden

dato og ”Enhedens

Sex-Gender analysis – dynamic and flexible.

Sex refers to biological qualities

characteristic of women /females

and men / males I

reproductive organs and functions based

on chromosomal complement and

physiology. As such, sex is globally

understood as the classification of living

things as male and female, and intersexed.

Gender – a socio-cultural

process – refers to cultural

and social attitudes that

together shape and sanction

“feminine” and “masculine”

behaviours, products,

technologies, environments,

and knowledge.

Sex/ gender analysis: is an umbrella term for the entire

research cycle that includes the integration of sex

and/or gender considerations from the setting of

research priorities through defining concepts,

developing methodologies, gathering and analysing data

to evaluating and reporting results and transferring

them to markets.

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Enhedens navn

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Gendered innovations: http://genderedinnovations.stanford.edu/

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Gender blind

innovation is

based on ”wrongassumptions”

- costs lives, money and wellbeing!

20th century Car culture –gender constructions

Gender research – directory

In DK 300 researchers in total

ca 100 at Ucop.

30 themes

Researchers in centres, institutions, projects etc.

Co-ordination is vital

Themes in gender research interdisciplinary and innovative …. But. …

Arts and social science most prominent.

weak gender research in i STEM disciplines science, technology, engineering life/ and health.

EU and DK – STEM discipines high priorities for growth and welfare .

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Total budget: 80 billion euro,ca. 600 milliarder danske kroner

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Horizon 2020 – temaer:

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Tekst starter uden

dato og ”Enhedens

Fix the women? MSCA strategiy

Increase familyallowance/ possiblecareer start

All MSCA projects takemeasures to facilitatemobility and counter-act gender relatedbarriers

Equal opportunitiesensured for researchers and descision making/ supervision

women carrieerbreaks / 56 % men 24 %

women: + conflictsprofessional and private life.. / lower carrieertargets

Tekst starter uden

dato og ”Enhedens

What is the problem? Gender Gaps ( 2006 graduates)

humanities (52% of women) social sciences and business law (47% of women) health and welfare(54% of women).agricultural and veterinary sciences (51% of women)On the contrary, the field of science, mathematics andcomputing 41 % womenengineering, manufacturing and construction 25 %

MSCA actions: / FP 7 evaluation

FP 7 12 % of MSCA actions in humanitiesand social sciences

Tekst starter uden

dato og ”Enhedens

MSCA paradoxs - holy cows?

Support for emergingtalent

Open to all domains of research and innovation from basic research to market take up and innovation services

Research and innovation fields chosen freely by the applicants

Fully buttom up manner

Buttum up principles ???

Gender dimension –where??

Gendered innovations

Earmark budgets ???

Gender budgetting??

Sex-gender analysis as part of universitycurriculum – Copenhagen case..

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Gender certificate:

30 ects courses in gender and body themes

Gender cerfiticate plus:

30 ects courses ´+ MA thesis

Gender certificate practice

30 ects course + 1 term practice in institution etc.

Gender certificate requirements

• Open for all students from all faculties

• Choose from a catalogue of certified courses/ 25-35 per term

• Submit application/ approved by cross faculty board

• Signed certificate!

• Outreach/ external board

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Sex-gender analysis as part of University of Copenhagens curriculum and profile

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Copenhagen Summer University 2019:

Gender certificate for external experts/managers and decision-makers - 5 days course gender theory/methods/ case work

Future plan:

1 year MA for students + part time students.

gender certificate core courses

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Gendering quantitative methods and big data.

Gendered innovations with external partners

Gender and body dynamics. Introduction to concepts and theories.

projects

• Energy - ecape project

• Food

• Transport - tinngo project

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EU horizon 2020 - gender dimension food, energy and transport – lagging behind!

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co2 foot print – housing and transport - gender differences

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Kirsten Gram-Hanssen ERC – advanced grant eCAPE: New Energy Consumer roles and smart technologies –Actors, Practices and Equality

The eCAPE project starts 1 November 2018 and runs for 5 years. eCAPE is financed by the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union´s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program. eCAPE received an ERC Advanced Grant worth 2.11 million Euro under the grant agreement number 786643. The project is led by Professor Kirsten Gram-Hanssen from the Danish Building Research Institute at AAU Copenhagen.

www.ecape.aau.dk

Gendering smart household technologies

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Three theoretical lines within theories of practice will be developed:

1.The importance of gender and social structures when studying household practices, including how these social structures influence formation of practices and how, in turn, social structures are formed by the development of practices.

2.The role of the ethical consumer in developing new practices, including how learning processes, media discourses and institutionalised knowledge influence formation of practices.

3.The inclusion of non-humans as carriers and performers of practices, rather than seeing the material arrangements only as the context for practices, especially when dealing with automated and internet connected technologies.

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What to learn from gender studies related to home, technology and practices?

• Power is at stake

• Gender: Dualist thinking and how to overcome it

• Gender is co-constructed with space (e.g. suburban home=female; Urban public=male)

• Gender and technology are co-constructed

• Gender is significant (but not one-dimensional) for domestic practices

• Gender - together with class, nationality etc- is structuring for how we life, practice and understand

• We are socialized to our gender by discourses, politics, institutions and labor market

• It is possible both to un-do and re-do gender

(Mechlenborg and Gram-Hanssen, in writing process)

‘Gendered food practices and dietary health among socioeconomically disadvantaged

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‘Proper’ food under economic restraints: Gendered food practices and dietary health among socioeconomically disadvantagedprofessor Bente Halkier and Lotte Holm, University of Copenhagen

A study of the everyday life processes in ‘translating’ socioeconomicaldisadvantage into less healthier diets

RQ: “How are conditions and experiences of socioeconomic disadvantage enacted in food practices and in the handling of food related health discourses among Danish men and women?”

Subproject 1: Female food work, caregiving and dietary healthiness Women still cook majority of meals + expectation to be the food and health manager by default

Subproject 2: Masculine food practices, changing expectations and dietary healthiness

Men under-researched regarding food + new statistics suggest changes in their everyday relation with food

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Meet consumption – meet and masculinity…

• UN- FAO: Denmark no 1 in the world in terms of meatconsumtion per citizen

• DK: 145,9 kilo per person per year

• Greenland (113,8 kilo per år), Iceland (84,8 kilo per år), Sweden (76,1 kilo per år), Finland (67,4 kilo per år)

• Norway 61,7 kilo per år.

Food consumtion– gender differences

HORIZON2020

Mobility for Growth

MG-4-3-2018

Demographic change

and participation of

women in transport

Coventry University (Coordinator)

University of Copenhagen

VTI

Sboing

Ilmenau University of Technology

Integral Consulting R&D

Politechnico di Torino

Municipality of Alba Iulia

West Midlands Combined Authority

Signosis Sprl

VTM

….and more

36 monthsRIA

3.979.502 €

Tinngo departs from existing knowledge gaps

• Knowledge and policy gaps documented in:

1. Transgen: 2007 Gender mainstreaming European transport

and research – as presented and elaborated in the

Transgen project.

2. Eige report: Gender Equality and Climate Change ( 2012) –

which substantiated transport and sustainability as a vital

part of the European responses to the Beijing Platform of

Action/ Area K.

3. CIVITAS’ report ‘Gender Equality and Mobility: Mind the

Gap!’ (2014)..

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Tinngo smarting mobility research

1. Definitions. Smart mobility as including both social/ gender and tInnovations: technological aspects.

2. addressing cutting edge technologies such as smart biking and car sharing, as well as autonomous cars/vehicles.

3. Methodologies - using / developing various big data methodologies as generic models for smart transport planning.

4. Dissemination / and policy making: in the launching of Tinngo/ hubs laboratories

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20th century Car culture – gender gaps

Gendered differences in

Commute trip length

Number of trips

Type of trips

Travel time

Travel mode

Travel obstacles

Representation in politics, research and governance

Gender and transport SwedenTINNGO road map/wp 4 survey spring

2019

Tinngo road map/ survey 2019:

Transport ministers Europe 1945 ff254 in total - 23 women

strategies

1. gender equality in automobility? Include more women as drivers ?

2. Use women’s transport patterns as a model

3. New solutions – towards gender smart mobilities..

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Change if men travelled like women if women travelled like men..

TINNGO project: Media- topical modelling

Info media / or similar as a text corpus – machine readings

verify hypothesis e.g. men/autonomous cars/ women/ public transport, contextualized and

Visualized in word clouds

Mixed methods:

Distant reading: digital/ topical readings

+ close analysis: focus groups, interviews etc.

TINNGO project: Agent based modelling

Micro simulation scenarious / computer /or game?

e.g. city skylines develop ed/ or used as elicitor

and/or combined

Regression/ multivariable analysis ( combine various socio cultural categories)

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Whats the point? Gender specific data feedin to global and regional indexes

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Transport from modern to smart..??

modern 20th century

Transport and car-culture key promoters of growth and wealth

BUT

Waste of public space, congestion, accident, air pollution, noise, diseases/ urban obesity/

Produced inequality

Smart 21.st century

Hopes and dreams..

reduction and mitigation of the negative impacts of transport. improve urban environment

BUT…..

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Autonomous cars – market appeal to men..

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TINNGO: Gender smart mobility – broad, inclusive and dynamic:

INCLUSIVE TRANSPORTATION

AFFORDABLE TRANSPORTATION:

EFFECTIVE TRANSPORTATION:

ATTRACTIVE TRANSPORTATION:

SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORTATION:

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Two cases of gender smart mobility

Mobike and shared biking – home grown Chinese innovation

The roller home grown Nordic innovation

Disruptive-gendered innovation

disruptive -gendered innovations should meet every day needs and create significant changes in terms of sustainable practices and gender equality.

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Gendered innovations

include sex/gender analysis in the innovation process

Gender, understood as a variety of forms and expressions

Cultural and biological

Gender should be reflected from conception of ideas, over design processes and methods

gender applied to the inclusion of gendered end users

the kitchen table perspective/ real life perspective important !

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Mobike founder and president…

“Bikes cannot only change people and cities, but also the world. It is not only the symbol of peace, but also a weapon to fight the climate Change.”

( Hu Weiwei, founder and president of Mobike on the reception of the UN Champion of the Earth award, UN Conference on Environment, Nairobi, December 2017)

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Can a young female journalist led her company to achieve her target, she won’t succeed”!

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Mobike as gendered innovation

Meet growing demand of urban (women) professionals with low salaries and no access to cars + broader middle class appeal

High tech – low tech. Mobike pioneers new technology and business models

gendered innovations enabled by the transition from industrial to digital modes of production“based on brain, rather than brawn, and on networks rather than a technical-professional hierarchy”.

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Shared biking – change of urban transport

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the roller: Nordic model of Gender smart mobility –

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Francois Zimeray,French ambassador in Denmark, 2013:

• The roller which is so visible in the streets of Copenhagen, is a practical instrument, whichextends the active life for seniors with manyyears. We ought to introduce the roller in France.

• But it will take many decades to get Paris women to appear in public with such a practical devise. Then rather sit isolated in an appartment..

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The roller – smart is NOT always digital !

Real life + user driven innovation

Simple and accessible technology-

Disrupting ideas of old age and mobility

Links to ideas and practices of gender, welfare regimes, state and family

Social innovation in Belgium?

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Thanks for your attention!

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