Gender Mainstreaming in Organization, Policies, Programs

and Projects

REHMAT WALI KHANEducation Officer

(Focal Person), SHRDC-Islamabadrehmatwalikhan@yahoo.com

0092344231252400923335983705

Gender or Sex?• Men do not need tenderness and are less sensitive than women• Most drivers in Pakistan are men• Women give birth to babies men don’t• Care of babies is the responsibility of women• Only women can breastfeed babies• Men have moustache• Women cannot carry heavy loads• Women are scared of working outside their homes at night • Men’s voices break at puberty women’s don’t• Women are emotional and men are rational• Most of the women have long hair and men have short hair• Most scientists are men• Cooking comes naturally to women

Discuss the following Case Study and answer the questions given at the end.

Akmal and Rubina are a married couple living in Islamabd. One day they heard the good news that Akmal’s sister gave birth to a baby boy. The next day they heard that Rubina’s cousin has become a father of a baby girl. Akmal and Rubina are invited for the naming ceremony of the two new born babies. Akmal and Rubina decide to purchase gifts for the new born baby girl and boy as they prepare to attend the naming ceremony. • What gifts do you think Akmal and Rubina bought for the

baby girl and the baby boy? Why? What would happen if they exchange the gifts?

• What names do you think they suggest for the baby boy and baby girl? Is there a reason for suggesting a particular name?

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• Every 20 minutes a woman dies …. from preventable complications of pregnancy and child birth

• More women die of communicable diseases than men.

• The infant mortality rate from 1995 to 2000 was 98 for girls and 93 for boys per 1,000 births.

• The literacy rate for women (39%) is nearly half that of men ( 63%).

• The sex difference in child mortality is one of the highest in the world, with death rates for girls aged 1-4 years being 66% higher than for boys in the same age group.

• Pakistan is one of the few countries in the world in which men outnumber women in the population and women have a lower life expectancy than men.

Why GM?

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At the bottom of the pile…

• UNDP’s Gender Development Index (GDI), Pakistan ranks 120th out of 144 countries (it is below both India and Bangladesh)

• The Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) it ranks 64th out of 78 countries

Why GM?

Making Organizations Gender Responsive

• Identification of factors that create and aggravate gender biases in an organization

-- its vision or mandate and the resulting organizational objectives;

-- its policies and organization structure -- its organizational practices -- its programs and services -- in the beliefs, attitudes and practices of

officials and personnel

Making Organizations Gender Responsive

• Adoption of measures to eliminate causes of gender issues and biases through:

-- changes in organizational vision and objectives -- policy reforms (e.g. compliance with gender-

related laws and labour policies) -- organizational restructuring -- gender awareness seminars and relevant

capacity building measures especially for women; -- improvement in physical facilities and work

arrangements to enhance security and safety

Organizational Vision, Mission and Objectives

The vision of a gender-responsive organization articulates concern for the welfare of society, of women and men, through achievement of its organizational goals (e.g. economic productivity, social equity)

Organizational Culture

A gender responsive organization must not have overt and covert or implicit, intended or unintended gender biases along the

--- lines and locations of authority-- lines and locations of communication -- decision making must be democratic and

participatory

A gender responsive organization must ensure that:

• Decisions, plans and programs are guided by the principles of gender equity and equality:

• -- equity or affirmative action, when necessary to reduce the gap in access to benefits and resources between men and women;

• -- gender equality in decision making and access to opportunities

Gender Fair Practices• Eliminate overt and covert biases in hiring, firing and

promoting male and female employees;• Promote gender equality in access to opportunities for

training, education, and participation in decision making;• Develop organizational policies and personnel services

that address gender issues (i.e. sexual harassment, harmonization of work and family life, domestic violence, etc.)

• Sex disaggregation of data• Adoption of non-sexist practices (e.g. in language, inter-

personal relations, communication).

Group Work

• Group Discussion 15min• Group Pairing 10min• Group presentations 15min each

GM in Community Development Projects/Programmes

• The basic responsibilities entrusted socially just to women or just to men hinder the development of the community. In any integrated development, it is essential to involve men and women in basic responsibilities.

• Gender approach is an essential tool for development and one must take into account the gender aspects in the design and implementation of development projects.

Gender Mainstreaming in Policies, Programs and Projects

Situation Assessment & Analysis

Project Implementation

Project Goals/Objectives, Strategy & Project

ManagementMonitoring /

Evaluation

Situation Assessment and Analysis

Were gender disaggregated data and gender analysis used in the

background and justification of the policy, program or project?

Project Goals/Objectives,

Strategy and Project Management

Are the needs of both women and men reflected in the goals, objectives and strategies of the Project?

Is there a clear policy for mainstreaming women?

Has appropriate budgeting been assigned for the development of both men and women?

Does the strategy consider men’s and women’s practical and strategic gender needs?

Project Implementation

Will both men and women participate in the implementation?

Are those who will implement the Program or Project gender aware?

Has adequate and appropriate resources been aligned to work with both men and women?

Monitoring/Evaluation Does the monitoring and evaluation

strategy have a gender perspective?

Do the indicators measure the gender dimension of each objective?

Have appropriate methods and resources been assigned to obtain information from both gender?

Is there provision for a communication strategy?

Does the project redress a previous unequal sharing?

Gender Analysis Matrix (GAM)

• A tool used for gender analysis of development projects at community level, to determine the different impacts of development interventions on women and men.

• The analysis is done by a group within the community which preferably should include women and men in equal numbers.

• It is used at different stages of project planning and implementation, especially at the planning stage to determine whether potential gender effects are desirable and consistent with program goals.

Filling out GAM

• Put a plus (+) sign if it is consistent with program goals

• Put a minus (-) sign if it is contrary to program goals

• Put a question mark (?) if you are unsure whether it is consistent or contrary

UNCOMPLETED GENDER ANALYSIS MATRIXProject Objective:

Labour Time Resources Culture

Women

Men

household

Community

FULLY COMPLETED GENDER ANALYSIS MATRIXProject Objective: Piped water is brought to all homes in one village

Labour Time Resources Culture

Women + no longer need to transport water

+ saves time+ option of leisure

+water is easily available for Gardens irrigation

-Reduction of mobility-Social interaction at water source stops

Men + Acquire skills in water system building and maintenance

?Training, building and maintenance take more time

+Better health+More water

-Uneasy about women having free time

household + Net savings or increase in labour

+ women have more time for child care and other home based work

+ better health+ more water

? women more at home

Community + trained community committee for water system maintenance

? Less time for leisure for men, more time for women

+ more water easily available

- women interact less with each other

When water flows it takes the path of least resistance ….similarly the flow of our services is determined by our attitudes, values,

beliefs and commitments.

Way Forward

Thank you