gendered analysis of the legal framework on employment in cam

7/31/2019 Gendered Analysis of the Legal Framework on Employment in CAM

1/23

C@LK@U@K MLMDQWAW JB [N@D@CMD BUMH@SJUO JL

@HYDJQH@L[ AL GMHEJKAMUq Jpo

D`cmd Lm{ajlmd Gjlwpd{ml{$

UK[M 33996 Yujhj{alc C`lkù @}pmda{q al {n`Dmeju Hmuo`{ bju Hju` Algdpwar` Cujs{n

=

[n` ra`sw `~yu`ww`k al {naw ymyù mu` {n` ra`sw jb {n` mp{njuw mlk kj lj{ l`g`wwmuadq u`bd`g{ {n` ra`sw ju yjdaga`w jb {n` Mwaml K`r`djyh`l{ Emlo.MKE!$ ju a{w Ejmuk jb Cjrùljuw$ ju {n` cjrùlh`l{w {n`q u`yu`w`l{, MKE kj`w lj{ cpmuml{`` {n` mggpumgq jb {n` km{m algdpk`k al {naw ymyù mlkmgg`y{w lj u`wyjlwaeada{q bju mlq gjlw`}p`lg` jb {nàu pw`, [n` gjpl{ua`w daw{`k al {naw ymyù kj lj{ ahydq mlq ra`s jl MKE#w ymu{ mw {j wjrùàcl{qju alk`y`lk`l{ w{m{pw ju l`g`wwmuadq gjlbjuh {j MKE#w {ùhaljdjcq,


2/23

Jrùra`s

M, Al{ùlm{ajlmd Bumh`sjuo

E, Lm{ajlmd Bumh`sjuo

Naùmugnq jb dmsw

Dmeju Uacn{w " Yuj{`g{ajlw

G, Yujhj{alc mgg`ww {j sjh`lw `hydjqh`l{

K, Daha{alc gjlw{umal{w {j sjh`lw `hydjqh`l{@, Ahyujralc sjh`lw sjuo gjlka{ajlw

B, Gjlgdpwajl

5


3/23

M, Al{ùlm{ajlmd bumh`sjuo

Gmhejkam nmw `lwnual`k hmlq jb {n` bplkmh`l{md nphml

uacn{w gjl{mal`k al al{ùlm{ajlmd gjr`lml{w mlk ADJ

gjlr`l{ajlw$ al 6Gjlw{a{p{ajl

Dms jl DmejpuGarad Gjk`

Guahalmd Gjk`,G@KMS " ADJum{aba`k

Kumb{ Dms jl [umk` Plajlw[n` kumb{ nmw algjuyjum{`k {n` yualgayd`w mlk al{ùlm{ajlmddmejpu w{mlkmukw jl bu``kjh jb mwwjgam{ajl$ wpgn mw uacn{wmlk bu``kjh {j bjuh mlk d`mk {umk` plajlw$ uacn{w jb {umk`plajlw mlk `hydjqùw {umk` jucmlavm{ajlw$ gjdd`g{ar`

emucmalalc mcu``h`l{ 7


4/23

E, Lm{ajlmd Bumh`sjuo

Naùmugnq jb Dmsw

Gmhejkam aw m gjlw{a{p{ajlmd hjlmugnq mlk daeùmd hpd{a(

ymu{q k`hjgumgq,

[n` yjda{agmd wqw{`h aw w`ymum{`k al{j bjpu ahyju{ml{

alw{a{p{ajlw 6

( {n` Oalc .wnmdd uàcl ep{ lj{ upd`,!

( [n` d`cawdm{ar` .Lm{ajlmd Mww`hedq mlk W`lm{`!( [n` `~`gp{ar` .{n` Ujqmd Cjrùlh`l{ jb Gmhejkam

([n` fpkagamuq .Hplagaymd*Yujralgamd Gjpu{$ Myy`md Gjpu{ mlk

Wpyu`h` Gjpu{! {n` Gjlw{a{p{ajlmd Gjpu{

;


5/23

G, Yujhj{alc Mgg`ww {jSjh`lw @hydjqh`l{

=, Ypedag " yuarm{` hydjqh`l{ mc`lga`w

Ahyujr` jyùm{ajl jb ypedag mlk yuarm{` `hydjqh`l{mc`lga`w {j yujhj{` albjuhm{ajl {j sjuoùw mlk `hydjqùw jbhmuo`{ jyyju{pla{a`w mlk yujhj{` `hydjqh`l{ jyyju{pla{a`w

snagn mu` ljl(kawguahalm{juq

kawguahalm{juq fje mkrù{aw`h`l{w gmddalc bju jldq h`l jusjh`l {j myydq$ mlk {j yujrak` albjuhm{ajl al {naw u`cmuk,

B`s mu` u`gupa{`k {nujpcn {n` HJDR[ Ydmg`h`l{ Jbbag` ju {n`Lm{ajlmd @hydjqh`l{ Mc`lgq .w`{ py eq {n` cjrùlh`l{{nujpcn Wpe(K`gu`` 23 km{`k Myuad 53$ 5991!,

0


6/23

u`gupa{h`l{ aw kjl` m{ bmg{juq d`r`d {nujpcnmc`l{w ju kau`g{ hmlmc`h`l{

kabbagpd{ {j mwgù{mal {n` `~{`l{ jb w`~kawguahalm{ajl m{ {n` yjal{ jb u`gupa{h`l{,

@lwpu` {nm{ sjh`l nmr` `}pmd mgg`ww {j gu`ka{al mcuagpd{pu`

{umka{ajlw aw m emuuaù {j sjh`l u`gàralc nacnù`kpgm{ajl

2


7/23

l``k {j wmlg{ajlw bju kawguahalm{ajl mcmalw{

sjh`l al {n` `hydjqh`l{ ba`dk al ej{n {n` ypedag

mlk yuarm{` w`g{juw

l``k {j gu`m{` `bb`g{ar` `lbjug`h`l{ mlk

hjla{jualc h`gnmlawhw mlk {j `lwpu` {nm{ sjh`l

nmr` mgg`ww {j h`mlw jb u`ku`ww$ algdpkalc d`cmdmak,

L``k {j kaww`halm{` albjuhm{ajl mejp{ dmejpu

d`cawdm{ajl mhjlc sjh`l {j hmo` {n`h msmu` jb

{n`au uacn{w,

3


8/23

5, Yu`gmuajpw sjuo mlk wnju{ {ùhgjl{umg{w

Kj lj{ u`l`s `hydjqh`l{ gjl{umg{ jlg` sjh`l mu`yu`clml{

Plkù BKG {n`q djw` {nàu w`lajua{q `l{a{d`h`l{$mllpmd d`mr`$ wago d`mr`$ wy`gamd d`mr`$ w`lajua{qejlpw$ m{{`lkmlg` ejlpw`w$ mlk wy`gamd yuj{`g{ajlsnagn aw car`l {j alk`bala{` kpum{ajl gjl{umg{w

L``k {`hyjumuq wy`gamd h`mwpu`w {j daha{ {n``hydjqù bujh pwalc BKG$ pld`ww a{ aw k``h`k {j e`w`mwjlmd sjuo ju aw c`lpal`dq al{ùha{{`l{ sjuo,

>


9/23

7, Jslùwnay jb yujyù{q eq

sjh`l

Gnmdd`lc`w jb fjal{ jslùwnay mlkje{malalc gu`ka{ bju sjh`l

Epwal`ww`w al h`lw lmh` jldq ( yumg{ag`jb h`l snj `lcmc` al u`md `w{m{`

epwal`ww u`caw{ù yujyù{q al {nàuyùwjlmd lmh` sa{njp{ algdpwajl jb {nàusab`w lmh`

1


10/23

K, Daha{alc gjlw{umal{w {jsjh`lw `hydjqh`l{

=, D`cawdm{ajl jl kawguahalm{ajl

[n` Dms jl Dmejpu mlk {n` Guahalmd Gjk` kj`w lj{ k`bal` mg{ jbkawguahalm{ajl, A{ kj`w lj{ k`wguae` sn`{nù a{ u`bùw {j ej{n kau`g{mlk alkau`g{ kawguahalm{ajl$ ep{ a{ kj`w yujrak` bju daha{`k

`~`hy{ajlw,

Gmhejkaml dms kj`w lj{ yujrak` bju `~`hy{ajl bujh kawguahalm{ajlal gaugphw{mlg`w al snagn eàlc jb m ymu{agpdmu c`lkù aw ml alnù`l{u`}pau`h`l{ jb {n` fje,

d`cawdm{ajl kj`w lj{ yujrak` bju wy`gamd h`mwpu`w {j e` {mo`l algaugphw{mlg`w snù` a{ aw l`g`wwmuq {j mwwaw{ sjh`l {j je{malwpew{ml{ar` `}pmda{q$ mw yujrak`k al Mu{agd` 0 ADJ Gjlr`l{ajl ===mlk Mu{agd` ; G@KMS,

=9


11/23

5, W`~pmd nmumwwh`l{ d`cawdm{ajl

A{ aw }p`w{ajlmed` mw {j sn`{nù m hml pwalc w`~pmd jumepwar` dmlcpmc` {j m sjh`l gj(sjuoù$ sjpdk eù`cmuk`k mw w`~pmd nmumwwh`l{ e`gmpw` jb {n` daha{`kmyydagm{ajl jb w`~pmd nmumwwh`l{ al {n` d`cawdm{ajl

Sjhml kj`w lj{ oljs snm{ mu` {n` mg{w {nm{ mhjpl{ {jw`~pmd nmumwwh`l{

Sjh`l snj mu` ymu{agpdmudq rpdlùmed` {j w`~pmdnmumwwh`l{ mu` sjh`l sjuoalc al {n` wùrag`w w`g{juw,

Sjh`l hmq bad` gjhydmal{w {j {n` djgmd plajljucmlavm{ajl$ {n` `hydjqù ju {n` djgmd yjdag`,

Hjw{ jb {n` {ah` {n` caudw yu`bù {j o``y wad`l{ b`mualcdjww jb fjew ju u`yp{m{ajl,

==


12/23

[n` Gmhejkaml cjrùlh`l{ nmw q`{ {j alw{upg{ ju {umal

{n` Dmejpu Alwy`g{ju {j djjo al{j w`~pmd nmumwwh`l{ m{

sjuo(ydmg`,

L``k {j `w{medawn ml jbbag` jb Jhepkwhml ju mlalk`y`lk`l{ Gjhhawwajl mw m g`l{umd yjal{ {nm{ u`gàr`

gjhydmal{ mlk k`gak` w`~pmd nmumwwh`l{ gjhydmal{w,

=5

L``k h`mwpu`w {mo`l {j yu`r`l{ mlk mkku`ww w`~pmdnmumwwh`l{ al {n` sjuoydmg`$ algdpkalc umawalc

msmu`l`ww jb sjuoùw$ `hydjqùw mlk dmejpu alwy`g{juw,


13/23

7, @}pmd U`hplùm{ajl

Mu{ 72 jb {n` Gjlw{a{p{ajl

Onhù ga{av`l wnmdd u`gàr` `}pmd ymq bju wmh`sjuo,

Là{nù {n` Gjlw{a{p{ajl lju {n` Dms jl Dmejpu mkjy{w {n`{ùhaljdjcq al {n` Gjlr`l{ajlw lmh`dq `}pmd ymq bju sjuo jb`}pmd rmdp` ,

L``k {j eualc a{w d`cawdm{ajl mlk yumg{ag` al{j gjlbjuha{q sa{n

{n` Gjlr`l{ajlw al u`wy`g{ jb `}pmd ymq bju sjuo jb `}pmdrmdp` mlk mdwj nmr` u`cmuk {j {n` yujg`ww wpcc`w{`k eq {n`G@MGU al a{w C`lùmd Jewùrm{ajl mlk {j k`r`djy mljef`g{ar` mlk bmau mww`wwh`l{ yujg`ww bju mlmdqwalc fjew bu``bujh mlq c`lkù eamw

=7


14/23

;, Dmeju hmuo`{ wpyyju{

a, Hm{ùla{q d`mr`

B`hmd` `hydjq``w mu` cpmuml{``k hm{ùla{q d`mr`

jb lal`{q .19! kmqw snùèq {n`q sadd e` `l{a{d`k {jnmdb jb {nàu smc`w yujrak`k {n`q nmr` m halahph jbjl` q`mu jb plal{ùupy{`k wùrag` al {n` `l{ùyuaw`,

Hjw{ `l{ùyuaw`w .`hydjqalc hju` {nml =99 sjh`l!kj lj{ w`{ py sa{nal {nàu `w{medawnh`l{w ju l`mueq$ mlpuwalc ujjhw mlk m kmq(gmu` g`l{ù$ mw u`}pau`k eqdms

=;


15/23

aa, D`mr` mlk wy`gamd d`mr` [n` uacn{ {j {mo` mllpmd d`mr` aw lj{ mg}pau`k pl{ad mb{ù jl` q`mu jb

wùrag`,

@hydjq``w plkù BKG kj lj{ `lfjq {n` uacn{ {j mllpmd d`mr`

aaa, U`{au`h`l{ mc` mlk y`lwajl bplkw

[n` LWWB nmw e``l uacjujpwdq mgg`wwalc sjuoydmg` {j u`caw{ù mlku`}pau` `hydjqùw {j gjl{uaep{` {n` Bplk bju sjuo(u`dm{`k mggak`l{wsnù` `hydjqù mlk sjuoùw sù` jedac`k {j gjl{uaep{` {j {n` bplk,

A{ nmw lj{ q`{ ahyd`h`l{`k {n` ydmll`k y`lwajl bplk bju sjuoùw al{n` yuarm{` w`g{ju, [naw h`mlw {nm{ sjuoùw snj sawn {j u`{au` m{ {n`mc` jb 00 ju `mudaù bju n`md{n u`mwjlw gmllj{ u`{au` mw {n`q sadd lj{e` `l{a{d` {j w`rùmlg` ymq ab {n`q u`wacl,

=0


16/23

@, Ahyujralc sjh`lw sjuo

gjlka{ajlw=, Bu``kjh jb Mwwjgam{ajl " gjdd`g{ar` emucmalalc

rajd`lg` mcmalw{ {umk` plajlaw{w

mdd`c`k gjuupy{ajl jb d`mkùw jb {umk` plajlwkawguahalm{ajl mcmalw{ plajl mg{araw{w

{n` yùgàr`k s`mol`ww jb sjh`l mw plajl d`mkùw eq sjh`l{n`hw`dr`w

{n` oaddalc jb {umk` plajl d`mkùw wpgn mw Gn`m Ragn`m 599;.Yu`wak`l{ jb Bu`` [umk` Plajl!$ Ujw Wjrmllmu`{n mlk Nq Rp{nq

{n` muu`w{ jb plajl d`mkùw hmq mdwj {`lk {j kawgjpumc` mlk k`{ùsjh`l bujh sml{alc {j e` mg{ar` plajl d`mkùw

edmgo(daw{`k mw {ujped` hmoù

=2


17/23

L``k Dms jl [umk` Plajlw

sjh`l plajl gmlkakm{`w mu` d`ww dao`dq {j e` `d`g{`k eq {nàu y`ùwmw {n`q mu` k``h`k s`mo mlk lj{ mw mccu`wwar` mw h`l,

Jlg` bjplk {j e` mg{ar` plajl h`heù ju d`mkùw {n`q sadd e`kawhaww`k$ lj{ nmr` {nàu gjl{umg{ u`l`s`k$ u`gàr` ymq uaw`w ju lj{mddjs`k jrù {ah` sjuo sn`l {n`q mu` plkù BKG,

sjh`l plajl d`mkùw mu` plmed` {j {mo` {n` yu`wwpu` mlknmumwwh`l{ bujh {n` `hydjqù,

`hydjqùw pw` BKG .Ba~`k Kpum{ajl Gjl{umg{! mw m h`mlw {jkawguahalm{`$ al ymu{agpdmu$ mcmalw{ sjh`l mlk ju plajlaw{w,

=3


18/23

5, Sjuoalc njpuw mlk jrù{ah`

Hjw{ `hydjqùw u`}pau` sjuoùw {j sjuo jrù {ah` jbpy {j 79 njpuw yù s`ò al mkka{ajlmd {j {nàu ljuhmdsjuoalc njpuw,

Mw m gjlw`}p`lg` {n` ahymg{ jl sjuoùw n`md{n mlks`dd eàlc aw myymu`l{ wpgn mw hmww bmal{alc jbsjh`l,

[nù` aw m l``k bju `bb`g{ar` hjla{jualc jb {n`w`wa{pm{ajlw eq {n` Dmeju Alwy`g{juw

=>


19/23

7, Halahph smc`w " smc` w`{{alc

@~g`y{ bju {n` cmuh`l{ mlk wnj`w w`g{ju {nù` aw lj halahph um{` jb ymq bju j{nù w`g{ju

[n` HJDR[ Yumomw w`{ kmadq emw` smc` um{`w bju dmejpuù m{ >$999 Ua`dw al jukù {j k`{ùhal`y`lmd{a`w plkù {n` Dms jl Dmejpu$ ep{ lj{ {j `w{medawn halahph smc`w,

Smc` w`{{alc aw kjl` eq HjDR[ snagn w`{w halahph smc`w eq m Yumomw HJRD[$ mb{ù u`gàralcu`gjhh`lkm{ajlw bujh {n` Dmejpu Mkrawjuq Gjhha{{`` .DMG!,

DMG gjlwaw{w jb =; cjrùlh`l{ jbbagamdw$ 3 bujh {n` `hydjqùw b`kùm{ajlw mlk 3 h`heùw bujh{n` dmejpu plajlw,

DMG nmw e``l l`cj{am{alc mlk w`{{alc halahph smc`w bju {n` cmuh`l{$ {`~{ad` mlk wnj`w alkpw{uqmw {n`w` mu` {n` hmal `~yju{ mlk `hydjq {n` hjw{ y`jyd` al {n` bjuhmd alkpw{uq,

DMG nmw lj{ w`{ smc`w bju ahyju{ml{ w`g{juw,

[n` gjhyjwa{ajl jb {n` DMG wnjpdk e` u`bjuh`k {j mddjs plajlw jucmlavm{ajlw bujh j{nù w`g{juw{j ymu{agaym{`,

Hjw{ ab lj{ mdd {umk` plajlw h`heùw jl DMG gjh` bujh {n` cmuh`l{ mlk bjj{s`mu w`g{juw mlklj{ bujh j{nù w`g{juw,

=1


20/23

59

;, Gmhejkaml Hacuml{ sjuoùw

Gmhejkaml sjuoùw w`l{ jrùw`mw kj lj{ nmr` plajlw

ju mwwjgam{ajl {j u`yu`w`l{ {nàu uacn{w mlk cua`rmlg`w

snad` {n`q mu` jrùw`mw,

Gmhejkaml kjh`w{ag sjuoùw {j Hmdmqwam .mdd`cm{ajlw ju

u`gupa{alc plkùmc` caud$ add`cmd gjlbal`h`l{$ plymak smc`w$mlk ynqwagmd mepw` eq u`gupa{alc mc`lga`w mlk {n` `hydjqù!

L``k hjk`d `hydjqh`l{ gjl{umg{ bju jrùw`mw

sjuoùw

[n` Gmhejkaml cjrùlh`l{ wnjpdk l``k {j wacl

mcu``h`l{ wahadmu mcu``h`l{w sa{n j{nù gjpl{ua`w wpgn

mw Hmdmqwam {j yuj{`g{ Gmhejkaml hacuml{ sjuoùw,

0 @ n a k "


21/23

0, @lnmlgalc yujg`kpu`w "`lbjug`h`l{

a, U`rùw` epuk`l jb yujjb L``k {j mddjs {n` u`rùwmd jb {n` epuk`l jb yujralc m gmw` al kawguahalm{ajl {j yùha{

bmaul`ww mlk fpw{ag` {j e` kjl`,

aa, Kawyp{` u`wjdp{ajl L``k {j u`l`s HJP e`{s``l CHMG mlk {n` {umk` plajlw

A{ aw ljs ml `w{medawn`k upd` m{ {n` MG {nm{ ab m dmejpu gjl{umg{ aw u`l`s`k bju {n`yùajk `~g``kalc 5 q`muw {n` `hydjqh`l{ gjl{umg{ e`gjh` alk`bala{` kpum{ajl,

MG dmgo bplkw {j wpw{mal a{w`db al {n` djlc upl mlk {n` cjrùlh`l{ hpw{ `lwpu` {nm{wpbbaga`l{ epkc`{ aw mddjgm{`k bju {n` bplg{ajlalc mlk jyùm{ajl jb {n` MG mw {naw aw {n`hjk`d gjpu{ bju u`wjdralc alkpw{uamd kawyp{`w

[n` Ynljh Y`ln Gjpu{ ljs u`bpw` {j yujrak` Yu`wùrm{ar` U`da`b al gjdd`g{ar`kawyp{`w pl{ad {n` MG awwp` ml msmuk

Uarmd plajlw mlk `hydjqùw mu` ljs u`wju{alc {j w{uao`w {j yjmgn `mgn j{nù`hydjq``

{n` gpuu`l{ wqw{`h l``kw {j e` hjkaba`k {j mddjs bju muea{um{ajl jb alkarakpmd kawyp{èq {n` MG eq m walcd` muea{um{ju,

5=


22/23

aaa, Dmeju alwy`g{jum{`

Dmejpu Alwy`g{ju bmad`k {j gmuuq jp{ {nàu kp{a`w{j lj{abq ju bal` `hydjqù snj eu`mgn {n` dmejpu

dmsw Hjla{jualc eq ADJ E`{{ù Bmg{jua`w Gmhejkam

Yujcumh aw jldq kjl` {sag` m q`mu

Bmg{jua`w wjh`{ah`w nmr` u`bpw`k `l{uq jb ADJhjla{juw ju al wjh` alw{mlg`w sù` s`dd msmu` almkrmlg` jb {n` rawa{w eq ADJ hjla{juw .M{n [njl$GGMSKP!

55


23/23

B, Gjlgdpwajl

Hjw{ jb bumh`sjuo al ydmg` ( ADJ mwwaw{`k

L``k {j algu`mw` wgjy` jb gjrùmc` jb sjuoùw

`c kjh`w{ag*njpw`njdk

@bb`g{ar` jyùm{ajl jb `hydjqh`l{ yuj{`g{ajl

l``kw dms bju {umk` plajlw {j e` ymww`k

Algu`mw` lpheùw jb sjh`l al [P `~`gp{ar`

57

gendered analysis of the legal framework on employment in cam

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