gene therapy
TRANSCRIPT
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Gene Therapy
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Uses:MONOGENEIC DISORDERS AND
COMPLICATED DISORDERS • Muscular dystrophy.• Cardiovascular diseases. • Block neurological disorders.• Eliminate infectious pathogens.
Gene therapy is an experimental technique used in treatment of malfunctioning genes, whereby a deficient or defective gene is replaced by a working gene.
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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_therapy
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Germ line Gene Therapy Altering the genetic makeup of a gene of either an egg or a sperm cell before fertilization, or altering the genetic composition of a blastomere during an early stage of its division.
AdvantagesDisadvantages
cure is inherited
Error during the gene 'transplant'
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Source: http://genmed.yolasite.com/
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Somatic Gene TherapyAltering the genetic code or chromosomes of a person's somatic cells.
Advantages less controversial
Disadvantages use of viral vectors, is difficult.
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GENE DELIVERY• Ex-vivo Adeno-virus or lenti. • In-vivo lenti-virus. (non-div)
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Source: http://genmed.yolasite.com/
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VECTORS USED IN GENE THERAPY • RETRO VIRUS.• ADENOVIRUS.• ADENO-ASSOCIATED
VIRUSES [AAVS].• HERPES SIMPLEX
VIRUS [HSV].• ALPHAVIRUSES. • VACCINA OR POX
VIRUSES.
Source: http://geneticmutationsgenetherapy.yolasite.com/
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source: http://www.nature.com/
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Retroviruses• First virus used as vector.• Reverse transcription.• Genome copies integrated into host by
integrase enzyme. • Zinc finger nuclease.• Gene therapy for SCID is vey much useful.
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ADENOVIRUS
• with double stranded DNA genome that can cause respiratory, intestinal and eye infection.
• Don’t incorporated into host cell genetic makeup.
• Affect broader variety of cells.• Attacked by patient immune system, required
high quantity.• Used for treating cancer of liver and ovaries.
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ADENO-ASSOCIATED VIRUSES [AAVS]
• Small, icosahedral, single-stranded DNA adeno-associated virus.
• Wild-type AAV contains a 4.7-kb.• 100 different capsids.• AAVs are small viruses from the Parvovirus
family with a genome of single stranded DNA.
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HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS [HSV]
• Human neurotropic virus.• HSV makes an ideal vector as it can infect a
wide range of tissues including muscle, liver, pancreas, and nerve and lung cells.
• Able to infect neurons which are not rejected by immune system.
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Gene therapy vectors
• ALPHAVIRUSES • Pox virus • NON-VIRAL OPTIONS• Particles carrying the therapeutic gene are injected
intravenously and strong, high-gradient external magnets are used to capture the particles as they flow through the blood- stream.
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MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLE-BASED GENE DELIVERY
Source: http://www.nature.com/
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GENETIC DEFECTS
Source: http://images.wisegeek.com/
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Source: http://japha.org/
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Source: http://www.s-cool.co.uk/
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Source: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/
Gene therapy for damage retinal cells
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GENE THERAPY RISKS
• The gene therapy took triggered a chain reaction in his immune system, resulting in hepatic and respiratory failure, and consequently, his death four days after being treated.
• The genetically modified somatic cells decreased in amount. Because they are already differentiated and possess only a limited capability to multiply.
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