General Biology 1114Dr. Steven Thompson

IE 128 (west side)

327-8566

sdthompson@nwosu.edu

Finally a "remote control" for class!

old model of remote

new model of remote

Your remotes will be used for quizzes in both the lectures and lab.

• The quizzes allow us both to quickly check on your progress.

• The software will display immediately how the class responded to each question.

• Your individual answers will not be displayed.

During a quiz, below each question you'll see a screen similar to this. Shown above are the last 3 digits of remote ID numbers. Once you register

your remote, your 5 letter screen name will appear when the computer receives your answer.

After everyone has answered the question, a graph similar to this will be displayed. On this graph the percentage of students choosing each answer is displayed and the correct answer is

indicated by the green column.

First you need to register your remote and identification

Go to the NWOSU or Natural Science Departmental

webpages at:

www.nwosu.eduor

www.nwosu.edu/science/

You must register your remote before your screen name will be displayed and I can identify you so that you'll receive class participation points. If you have not registered, you'll just see 5 digits of your remote ID number.

Please bring your remote with you to both lecture and lab each time we meet. We will be using the remotes for quizzes almost every day.

Quizzes missed because of absences or nonfunctional remotes may not be made up.

Yes, we will use the remotes in class on Wednesday.

No, you won't need it for this week's lab, but you will need it the following week.

Your 1st 2 initials and last name and the last 2 digits of your NWOSU ID number

Your NWOSU ID number (may change to password of your choice after 1st login)

How to pass General Biology• Come to lecture AND lab (You must be enrolled in a

lecture section AND a lab)

• Read ahead

• Actively participate in lectures and labs - ask about those things you don't understand

• Don't wait until the night before an exam to study - minimum of about 4 hours per week

• Use more than one way of studying - read, write, draw, talk, etc.

• Use notes, PowerPoint and text when studying

Chapter 1

The Study of LifePages 1-17

Mader, S.S. 2008. Inquiry into life, 12th ed. McGraw-Hill

Co. Inc. New York, NY, USA.

Biology•Bios – ________

•__________ – to reason,

the study of

Why study biology?

What is life?

What is life?

• The quality that distinguishes a vital and functional being from a dead body.

• The period of time from birth to death.

• An organismic state characterized by the capacity for metabolism, growth, development, reaction to stimuli, reproduction, adaptation, etc.

• ___________ - all the chemical changes which occur within a living organism.

- all of the processes used by an organism to acquire, transform and use energy.

• ____________ – the capacity to do work

• Homeostasis – maintenance of the internal conditions necessary to sustain life; e.g. temperature, pH, O2 levels, blood pressure, etc.

Organization in living things

• All living things are composed of one or more _________.

Cell• The smallest unit of life.

• The smallest entity that possesses all the _____________ ____ ________.

___________• A group of (usually) similar cells that

work together to perform a set of functions.

Examples – muscle, bone, blood, etc.

__________• Two or more tissues working together to

perform a set of functions.

Examples – heart, stomach, brain, etc.

Organ System• Two or more ___________ working

together to perform a set of functions.

Examples – digestive, urinary, cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, reproductive systems, etc.

Organism• A living thing.

• Must be composed of at least one cell.

• Its body may consist of different tissues, organs and organ systems, or a ________ _______

Groups of organisms• ______________ – a group of similar

individuals, capable of freely interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.

Any problems with this definition?

Groups of organisms• Species – a group of similar individuals,

capable of freely interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.

• __________________ – a group of individuals of the same species living in a given area

Groups of organisms• Species – a group of similar individuals, capable of

freely interbreeding and producing fertile offspring.

• Population – a group of individuals of the same species living in a given area.

• __________________ – two or more populations of different species living and interacting in a given area.

Groups of organisms• Species• Population • Community – two or more populations of different

species living in a given area.

• ____________________– all the interacting biotic and abiotic things present in a given area; the interacting community(s) in an area and their surrounding environment.

______________• The science of naming and classifying

organisms.

• Taxonomists:name and describe the organism;attempt to determine how organisms

are related to one another

Scientific name of a species• A _____________ – consists of two parts:

name of the Genus

and the Specific Epithet

Example – Homo sapiens

Homo is the name of our genus

Homo sapiens our scientific or

species name

Taxonomic Groups• Categories that organisms are placed in

when classified.

• Illustrate how organisms are related to one another.

Taxonomic GroupsDomains • 3 different groups of biochemically

and/or morphologically distinct organisms

• ________ – bacteria-like, extremophiles

• Bacteria• _________ – plants, animals, fungi and

protistans

spherical - cocci rod-shaped - baccilli spiral - spirilli

Domain Bacteria

Taxonomic Groups

______________• The broadest category recognized by

some taxonomists.• Contains many organisms which share

general characteristics in common.• Many taxonomists recognize five

different Kingdoms (ignores Archaea).

Kingdoms• ____________ – bacteria and bluegreen

algae; single-celled; prokaryotic; originally contained both Bacteria and Archaea

Prokaryotic – cells do not have a true nucleus; generally considered a primitive characteristic

Eukaryotic – has a true nucleus

Kingdoms• Monera – bacteria and bluegreen algae;

single-celled; prokaryotic

• ______________ – single-celled, eukaryotic organisms

some very animal-like (e.g. Amoeba), others more plant-like (e.g. algae)

Kingdoms• Monera• Protista – single-celled, eukaryotic organisms,

some very animal-like (e.g. Amoeba), others more plant-like (e.g. algae);

• _____________ – eukaryotic; mostly multicellular; have a cell wall; are not capable of doing photosynthesis

e.g. mold, mushrooms, athlete’s foot

Kingdoms• Monera

• Protista

• Fungi

• ____________ – eukaryotic; multicellular; have a cell wall; capable of photosynthesis

e.g. plants

Kingdoms• Monera• Protista• Fungi• Plantae – eukaryotic; multicellular; have a cell wall;

capable of photosynthesis; e.g. plants

• ____________– eukaryotic; multicellular; no cell wall; not photosynthetic e.g. animals

Other taxonomic groups

• Domain• Kingdom – many similar organisms• Phylum• Class intermediate categories• Order each more specific than• Family the one preceding it• Genus• Species – one specific type of

organism

Example (only responsible for Kingdoms)

Human Chimp Bird Plant

Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Plantae

Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata

Class Mammalia Mammalia Aves

Order Primates Primates

Family Homonidae Pongidae

Genus Homo

Species H. sapiens

_____________(vb) the process of a species acquiring characteristics that allow it to survive and/or reproduce in an environment;

(n) the beneficial characteristic(s)…

_____________– a measure of the number of different

kinds of organisms in an area and their relative abundances.

___________– changes in the genetic composition of

a population over time resulting in the accumulation of new adaptations.

How do scientists study the world around them?

How do scientists study the world around them?

•Scientific ProcessNo one “cookbook” method for conducting science

Scientific Method• 1 - __________ Example -

• Notice that many trees lose their leaves in the fall at about the same time it starts getting colder.

Scientific Method• 1 – Observe

• 2 - ___________

• Notice that many trees lose their leaves in the fall.

• Trees lose leaves because it is colder

Hypothesis• an educated guess;

• our best explanation for why or how something happens;

• must be testable

Theory• An explanation that has been

repeatedly tested and always found to be true.

• Often a theory is an explanation that draws on several different hypotheses.

Law or Principle• A fact; an absolute; an explanation that

is beyond questioning.

• Not many laws in biology.

• Is evolution a scientific theory or a principle?

Scientific Method• 1 - Observe

• 2 - Hypothesize

• 3 - ___________

• Notice that many trees lose their leaves in the fall.

• Trees lose leaves because it is colder.

• Place identical treesin different environments.Collect data on results

Variables• Factors which can change and may

affect the experiment

Examples?

Variables• Factors which can change and may

affect the experiment

Examples?

Temperature, Water, Fertilization, Light, etc.

____________• Variables that are kept constant during

the course of an experiment.

• Usually only one variable at a time is allowed to change.

Why only one?

Scientific Method• 1 - Observe

• 2 - Hypothesize

• 3 - Experiment

• 4 - __________

__________

• Use statistics to compare trees’ responses (analyze data)

• Publish results

Scientific Method• 1 - Observe• 2 - Hypothesize• 3 - Experiment• 4 - Objective

Evaluation• 5 - _____________ __________

• Try a new test of hypothesis, or a different test of the existing hypothesis

Study Suggestions

• Try the test questions at the end of each chapter.

• Make certain you are familiar with the list of terms at the end of each chapter.

• Use your notes as an indication of what topics are most likely to be on exams.

• Study prior to each class meeting.