general features of english consonants - place and manner of articulation 2

7/28/2019 General Features of English Consonants - Place and Manner of Articulation 2

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ENGLISHENGLISH

CONSONANTSCONSONANTS

GeneralGeneral featuresfeatures


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GeneralGeneralcharacteristicscharacteristicstotobebeconsideredconsideredinin

thetheproductionproductionofofallallEnglishEnglishconsonantsconsonants::

11.. SourceSource ofofairair streamstream ((pulmonicpulmonic))

2.2. AirAir streamstream forcedforced outwardsoutwards ((egressiveegressive)) ororsuckedsucked inwardsinwards ((ingressiveingressive as a variantas a variantof its egressive equivalentof its egressive equivalent

extralinguistically when expressingextralinguistically when expressingsurprise or pain)surprise or pain)

33.. VoicingVoicing

44.. StateState ofofairair passagepassage ((mannermanner ofofarticulationarticulation))


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5. Place5. Place ofofarticulationarticulation

66.. DegreeDegree ofofbreathbreath andand muscularmuscular efforteffort involvedinvolved ininarticulationarticulation ((fortisfortis//lenislenis))

7.7. NoiseNoise componentcomponent ((obstruentsobstruents:: plosivesplosives,,

fricativesfricatives,, affricatesaffricates;; sonorantssonorants:: nasalsnasals,,vowelsvowels,, approximantsapproximants/w/, /j/, /r/, /l/)/w/, /j/, /r/, /l/)

88.. PositionPosition ofofthethe softsoft palatepalate ((loweredlowered//raisedraised))


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Other consonantsOther consonantsAffricates (a combination of stop +Affricates (a combination of stop +

fricative):fricative):// /voiceless post/voiceless post--alveolar affricatealveolar affricate

// / voiced post/ voiced post--alveolar affricatealveolar affricate Approximant (articulators approach eachApproximant (articulators approach each

other but do not touch): /other but do not touch): /

w/ /r/ /j/w/ /r/ /j/

Lateral (also called lateral approximant; airLateral (also called lateral approximant; air

flows over sides of tongue): /flows over sides of tongue): /l/l/


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Summary of manners of articulationSummary of manners of articulation

Plosive / Stop p b t d k gPlosive / Stop p b t d k g

Fricative f vFricative f v s z s z hh

Affricate (stop + fricative)Affricate (stop + fricative) Nasal m nNasal m n

Approximants w r jApproximants w r j


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Examples of Classifying ConsonantsExamples of Classifying Consonants

//rr/ as in/ as in ssinging is a:is a:

-- pulmonicpulmonic,, egressiveegressive, alveolar,, alveolar,voiceless,voiceless, fortisfortis, oral, fricative,, oral, fricative,

obstruentobstruent consonantconsonant..MM.. as in goas in gongng is a :is a :

-- pulmonicpulmonic,, egressiveegressive, velar, voiced,, velar, voiced,

lenis, nasal, sonorant consonantlenis, nasal, sonorant consonant


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BIBLIOGRAPHYBIBLIOGRAPHY CRUTTENDEN, ALAN.CRUTTENDEN, ALAN. GimsonGimsons Pronunciation ofs Pronunciation of

EnglishEnglish. 5th Ed. London: Arnold, 1994.. 5th Ed. London: Arnold, 1994.

FINCH, D. &FINCH, D. &HHctorctor ORTIZ LIRA,ORTIZ LIRA,A Course inA Course inEnglish Phonetics for Spanish SpeakersEnglish Phonetics for Spanish Speakers, London:, London:

Heinemann, 1982.Heinemann, 1982.

GIEGERICH, Heinz,GIEGERICH, Heinz, English PhonologyEnglish Phonology,,Cambridge, 1995.Cambridge, 1995.

ROACH, Peter,ROACH, Peter, English Phonetics and PhonologyEnglish Phonetics and Phonology,,Cambridge: CUP, 1991.Cambridge: CUP, 1991.

general features of english consonants - place and manner of articulation 2

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