General Geology - GEOL 1113

• Instructor: Dr. Glen S. Mattioli, Professor

• Office: Ozark Hall 27B• Office Hours: MWF 10:30 - 11:30 AM• Office Phone: 575-7295

• Class Web Page: http://comp.uark.edu/~mattioli/geol_1113.html

• Email: mattioli@uark.edu

2006 Exams, Syllabus, and Grading

Class Purpose: To introduce undergraduate students to physical geology, Earth’s internal structure and materials, and Geologic Time. Emphasis will be on developing close connections between Earth materials and processes within a Plate Tectonic framework.

Four 1 Hour Examinations and Comprehensive Final

Part I - Rocks and Minerals: Fri. Sept. 22nd

Part II - Geologic Time and Surface Processes: Fri. Oct. 20thPart III - Deformation, Earthquakes, & Earth Structure: Mon. Nov. 13thPart IV - The Big Picture: Tectonics & Orogenesis: Fri. Dec. 1st

FINAL - Saturday, December 9th, 7:30-9:30 AM

Grades and GradingGEOL1113 - Final Points - 2005

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Physical Geology, 11/eCharles C. Plummer

California State University at Sacramento

Diane H. CarlsonCalifornia State University at Sacramento

The Late David McGearyEmeritus of California State University at Sacramento

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Required Text

Chapter 1

Introduction toPhysical Geology

Why Study Geology?• Mitigating Geologic Hazards

– Earthquakes– Volcanoes

• Supplying Things We Need– Metals– Minerals– Petroleum

• Protecting the Environment– Water cycle– Global Change: Sea level rise

• Understanding Our Surroundings– The Earth’s relationship to other planets– Geological Time

Los Angeles Basin

Recent Southern California Earthquakes

Northridge (94) San Fernando (71) Sierra Madre (91)

Whitter Narrorws (87) Long Beach (33)From: http://www.scecdc.scec.org/labasin.html

TIME: January 17, 1994

4:30:55 am PST

LOCATION: 34° 12.80' N, 118° 32.22'W;

20 miles west-northwest of Los Angeles1 mile south-southwest of Northridge

MAGNITUDE: MW 6.7

TYPE OF FAULTING: blind thrust

FAULT INVOLVED: Northridge Thrust (also known as the Pico Thrust)

DEPTH: 18.4 km

Northridge Earthquake Facts

Northridge CA earthquakeJan. 17, 1994,

Northridge Earthquake

Northridge Aftershocks

Original AVS animation by Ian Sammis and Damien Sullivan.

QuickTime™ and aYUV420 codec decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Northridge Rupture Model

Wald, David J., Heaton, Thomas H., and Hudnut, K.W. The Slip History of the 1994 Northridge, California, Earthquake Determined From Strong-Motion, Teleseismic,GPS, and Leveling Data, Special Northridge Earthquake Issue of the Bull. of the Seismo. Soc. of America

QuickTime™ and aCinepak decompressor

are needed to see this picture.

Convergent Margin Magma Genesis

Eruption of Mt. Pinatubo, June 15, 1991

Plymouth, Montserrat - Destroyed by pyroclastic flows in 1996/7

Photo credit: G. Mattioli

Automobiles - Always Thirsty for Gas!

Source: http://www.wtrg.com/oil_graphs/oilprice1947.gif

Alaska Pipeline

University of Arkansas

Geoscience Graduates vs Oil Price1938 - 2005

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1938194019421944194619481950195219541956195819601962196419661968197019721974197619781980198219841986198819901992199419961998200020022004

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Note: Oil Prices from WTRG Economics (www.wtrg.com) and Graduate numbers from University of Arkansas

An Overview of Physical Geology—Important Concepts

• Internal Processes: How the Earth’s Internal Heat Engine Works  

• The Earth’s Interior

• The Theory of Plate Tectonics

• Surficial Processes: The Earth’s External Heat Engine

Convection Examples

QuickTime™ and aDV/DVCPRO - NTSC decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Rayleigh-Benard Convection

Earth Structure

Convection in the Mantle

convection in the mantle

models

observed heat flowwarm: near ridgescold: over cratons

from: http://www.geo.lsa.umich.edu/~crlb/COURSES/270

from: http://www-personal.umich.edu/~vdpluijm/gs205.html

QuickTime™ and aAnimation decompressorare needed to see this picture.

From: "Dynamic models of Tectonic Plates and Convection" (1994) by S. Zhong and M. Gurnis

Earth’s Plates

obvious from space that Earth has two fundamentally differentphysiographic features: oceans (71%) and continents (29%)

global topography

from: http://www.personal.umich.edu/~vdpluijm/gs205.html

crust

Convergent Margins and Magma Genesis

MORB Genesis

QuickTime™ and aVideo decompressorare needed to see this picture.

Submarine Pillow Basalt Formation

Ocean Crust Age-Depth Relations

Cross-cutting relationships

Simplified Geologic Time Scale