MCHS - AP Chemistry Syllabus 2010-2011

Welcome to Advanced Placement Chemistry! I hope you will find the course both challenging and rewarding. In order to be successful in this course, please read and adhere to the following information concerning class description, homework, grading policy, behavior expectations and other pertinent information.

General Information:

Course: ADVANCED PLACEMENT (AP) CHEMISTRY (11,12) (1 CREDIT – H)AP chemistry is equivalent to an introductory freshmen level college chemistry class. Emphasis is placed on lab skills, critical thinking logic and the problem solving skills necessary to pass the AP exam. Student must maintain a “C” or better in the first semester to maintain enrollment.

Prerequisite: “B” or better in both semesters of Accelerated Chemistry w/ necessary summer preparation and additional time commitment (early start). “A” or better in both semesters of Chemistry, recommendation of Instructor and necessary summer preparation with additional time commitment (early start). (note this student will need additional commitment for content not addressed in General Chemistry.)

Length: Two Semesters

Instructor Information:Teacher: Dave AndersonRoom: 2110Contact Times: 7:15 – 7:45 am; 3:15 – 4:30 p.m.Voice Mailbox: 815-568-6511 ex2210Email Address: andersond@mchs154.org

Course OverviewAdvanced Placement Chemistry is a rigorous year-round course with learning experiences equivalent to a one-year general chemistry college course. This course is designed for those students who plan to attend college and have a special interest in the sciences. The course is laboratory based and quantitative in nature. Students will demonstrate the application of the chemical principles of inorganic chemistry and basic organic chemistry. Students will demonstrate the use of data interpretation. Emphasis is placed upon the student’s ability to independently formulate and propose solutions to content-based problems. These solutions are mathematically oriented and, therefore, students must exhibit aptitude for understanding these relationships. You will learn facts, formulas, laboratory skills and principles outlined in the College Board AP Chemistry syllabus.

Five content areas will be emphasized:o Structure of Matter (atomic theory, atomic structure, chemical bonding)o States of Matter (gases, liquids, solids, solutions)o Reactions (reaction types, stoichiometry, equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics)o Descriptive Chemistry (relationships in Periodic Table)o Laboratory Experience (physical manipulations, processes and procedures,

observations and data manipulation, communications, group collaboration and laboratory reports)

Class Synopsis:o Class will meet daily for one 50 minute period per day. Additional time for labs

will be held during zero period (7:00 am – 8:00 am) as needed (at least once a week). There will be a minimum of 24 major labs scheduled, averaging about 3 or 4 per month. Students must attend labs sessions, there will be no make-up sessions. There will also be various smaller labs and student demonstrations scheduled throughout the school year. A laboratory notebook must be used for lab reports.

o Study sessions will be scheduled during zero hour on weekdays when labs are not in session. The purpose of these study sessions are to remediate, review and assist with problems from the previous days assignment. Do not put off a problem, even for a day. Once you get behind, it is very hard to catch up.

o A 3 week period will be set aside preceding the AP Chemistry exam for refreshing concepts from earlier in the year.

ALL STUDENTS ENROLLED IN ADVANCED PLACEMENT CHEMISTRY ARE EXPECTED TO TAKE THE AP EXAM IN MAY!

Required items:

o Lab Notebook – (Provided by the district.)o Access to a computer with internet access, word processor and spread sheeto Scientific calculator - You need to have a scientific calculator (for example, TI

30XA, equivalent or graphing calculator), although for some portions of the AP exam calculators are not permitted. You will have to practice solving problems intuitively, without calculators.

o Binders (3-ring) one - ½ inch for working unit ; one – 1 inch for formal lab report storage; one 3- inch for cumulative unit storage

Textbook/Resources Provided:1) Brown, LeMay, Bursten, AP* Chemistry: The Central Science, 11th EditionPublisher: Prentice Hall ; ISBN: 0-13-601879-3; 11th Edition, AP Edition (2009) (Primary Text)2)Vonderbrink, Laboratory Experiments for Advanced Placement Chemistry, Publisher: Flinn Scientific, Inc., ISBN 0 – 13-978187799134-9 (2005)2) Nelson, Kemp, Bursten, Lab Manual for AP* Chemistry: The Central Science, 11th Edition Publisher: Prentice Hall ; ISBN: 0-13-600285-7; AP Edition (2009)3)Hague, Smith, The Ultimate Chemical Equations Handbook Publisher: Flinn Scientific,Inc. ISBN: 1-877991-63-5 (2001)3) Waterman, AP* Test Prep Series: Chemistry, The Central Science, 11th Edition, Publisher: Prentice Hall ;ISBN: 0-13-600284-04)Virtual Chem. Lab: General Chemistry Laboratories v2.5 5) mchsapchemistry.wikispaces.com

Other suggested books:6) Jesperson, Neil D. Barron's How to Prepare for the AP Chemistry Examination. Publisher: Barron’s Educational Series; ISBN: 0764120220; 3rd

Edition (2003)7) Moore, John and Langley, Richard. 5 Steps to a 5: AP Chemistry.Publisher: McGraw-Hill; ISBN: 0071412751; 1st edition (2003)

Assessment:Seventy percent (70%) of overall grade is based on class work, including assignments, homework, quizzes, unit tests, Internet activities and projects. Exams are given at the end of every major unit. Test may be given (online) at the end of every textbook chapter. Quizzes given will be completed outside of class (online) for each section. The laboratory portion of the course counts toward 30% of overall grade. Grades in this course are based on the following:

o Tests / Exams make up 30% of the grade.o Quizzes make up 20 % of the grade.o Lab Reports/Projects make up 30% of the grade.o Homework/Classwork makes up 20% of the grade.

You will take the AP Chemistry Examination administered in May, and are expected to earn at least a score of “3”. After the AP exam, remaining class time will be utilized in completing special projects or demonstrations, at the instructor’s discretion.

Attendance -- You will be expected to attend all classes. It is my experience that students who miss class put themselves at a severe disadvantage. In the event that you miss a class, you are still responsible for whatever material was covered. Except for extenuating circumstances, a missed quiz or exercise is a zero. If you know that you will miss a class, talk to me in advance so that we can minimize the difficulty this will create for you.

Homework - Homework in this class will consist mostly of work to be completed from your textbook and lab reports. All assignments are based on chemical principles from the textbook, and many involve short answer responses in addition to mathematical calculations. In addition, you are expected to read assigned pages from your textbook, or research topics related to chemistry. I will try to allow sufficient time in class to begin homework, but this will not always be the case. Any difficulties with assignments should be addressed the very next day during zero hour study sessions. Homework is your responsibility, and will be due at the beginning of the next class. You should expect to spend a minimum of 5 hours per week on AP Chemistry outside of the classroom.

Assignments – Will be due at the beginning of class, when collected. It will not be accepted late without prior approval of the instructor. (If you don’t tell me you need more time for understanding I’ll assume that you understand the concept.) Quizzes – Short, announced and unannounced quizzes will be given at various times. These serve various purposes: Check for understanding, completion of assignments…Online section quizzes will also be assigned two or three times a week. These must be completed at outside of regular class hours. This allow for more instructional time during class. Tests – Will be taken on-line using the mchsapchemistry.wikispaces.com web site at the conclusion of each chapter. There will be a 2-3 day window when these tests are available.

Eams – Will occur three times per quarter. These will be written and graded following the AP Chemistry Format. These Exams will be announced in advanced (usually 3-5 days). Therefore, absence the day before an exam is no excuse for postponement. We will always discuss the format of the exam, and areas of concentration prior to the exam. Arrangements to make up a missed exam are your responsibility and must be coordinated with me the morning of your return to school. If you are absent for three or more consecutive days, special arrangements will be made for completing missed work. EXAMS ARE MANDITORY. You may NOT use a school provided exam exemption for an AP Chemistry Exam.

Laboratory – AP Chemistry includes a laboratory portion comparable to a college-level chemistry laboratory course. We are fortunate to be equipped with a lab facility as good as or better than most university undergraduate labs. The laboratory exercises reinforce classroom study, and use practical data to expand chemistry concepts and solve mathematical chemistry problems. Hand-on laboratory activities are designed to allow students to become proficient in qualitative and quantitative chemistry. Virtual computer

aided lab simulations will be utilized to expedite lab experiences which take too long to conduct in the high school setting or experiments deemed too hazardous for the high school setting. You will be provided with a procedure for each lab. You must prepare for lab activities prior to beginning the exercise. This will include the beginning of a formal lab report emphasizing, Title, purpose, characteristics and hazards of chemicals used, safety precautions and practice calculations. Each lab is preceded with a discussion of safety, chemical principles, and pre-lab exercises similar to calculations required in the lab. Each lab will be discussed as a class to encourage group collaboration and discussion of chemical principles. A formal lab report is expected at the conclusion of the lab, which routinely includes the following components: Title, Objective, Procedure/Apparatus, Data, Calculations, Observations, Conclusions and Discussion of Theory, Sources of Error, Pre-Lab and Post-Lab Questions. The report requires students understand the processes of science by collating class concepts and mathematical relationships to analyze their data. Lab Reports are due one week from completion of the lab. Laboratory Reports are kept in a file, and may be used to determine college credit or placement.

Standards for Classroom Behavior:

o Everyone has the right to learn. Do not infringe upon your classmates’ right to learn.

o Respect others and their property; this includes students’, teachers’, staff and the school’s property. Cheating and vandalism will not be tolerated.

o Safety is our primary goal. Conduct yourself in a mature, orderly manner…especially in the lab.

o Be on task when the bell rings…(starting lab, pre-lecture question posted on board, booting up computers…instructions will always be on the board or you will be informed the previous day.)

o Follow all instructions given. Do not touch others equipment, tool, and projects … unless given instructions to do so.

Teaching StrategiesTechnology will be integrated into the course whenever possible. Detailed PowerPoint presentations will be used in conjunction with the textbook in class. You will receive a modified outline to assist with notes. The use of E-books and an online tutorial, homework, and assessment system will assist you with individualized remediation and assessment. Attempts will be made to engage students in active participation through group work and presentations. Involved laboratory exercises and extensive effort and commitment are required to be successful in the course.

You will be assigned readings from their textbooks, journals, Internet or research to supplement their learning. Homework and Lab Reports are expected to be completed, and are not optional.

You are expected to take the AP Chemistry Exam in May. Due to the extensive curriculum, amount of review time in class is minimal. You will be prepared for the exam throughout the course and by the purchase of and utilization of test preparation books for independent practice. Exams will consist of multiple choice and free response questions, modified and similar to questions from released AP exams.

Global Course Objectives:

At the conclusion of this, course you will be expected to have developed the following skills.

a. Demonstrate the use of observations, models and the scientific method, to develop an explanation of the unknown.

Students will emerge from this program with an appreciation for the natural world

b. Improve laboratory skills, use quantitative data to make calculations, interpret results and demonstrate appropriate safety in the lab.

In each laboratory experiment, students will physically manipulate equipment and materials in order to make relevant observations and collect data; use the collected data to form conclusions and verify hypotheses; and communicate and compare results and procedures (informally to other experimenters, and also in a formal, written report to the teacher).

c. Understand the principle theories of chemistry and apply these to better understand common everyday situations.

d. Appreciate the importance of science in today’s world. Students will be able to analyze scientific and societal issues using

scientific problem solvinge. Improve problem-solving ability and provide practice in application of

mathematical principlesf. Contribute to continual development of the student’s ability to express their

ideas, orally and in writing, with clarity and logicg. Prepare students for further study in the sciences.

Students are prepared to be critical and independent thinkers who are able to function effectively in a scientific and technological society.

Advanced Placement Chemistry Course Outline

Summer Assignment:Students will be expected to read and prepare Units 1 & 2 on their own during the summer before classes begin. They will be required to successfully show competence of this material (Grade C or better on Exam 1 (week 1)) to remain enrolled in the course. A grade of C or better in the first semester must be maintained to remain enrolled for second semester.

First Quarter:

Unit 1: Introduction & ReviewChapter 1) Intro: Matter and Measurement (Pre-session -0.5 wk)

Review of factor-label method, conversion factors between units, significant digits in calculations.

Chapter 1 Test

Chapter 2) Atoms, Molecules, and Ions (Pre-session - 0.5 wk) Review nuclear nomenclature, average atomic mass. Review

Avogadro’s Number, mole concept, molarity in solutions. Chemical nomenclature review, including complex ions.

Chapter 2 Test

Related Labs: Laboratory Safety and Work Instructions (Nelson & Kemp) Safety in the Laboratory (Vonderbrink) The Laboratory Notebook (Vonderbrink) Reporting Laboratory Data (Vonderbrink) Basic Laboratory Technique(Nelson & Kemp) Determination of the Empirical Formula of Silver Oxide - (AP

Requirement # 1 - Determination of the formula of a Compound) (Vonderbrink)

Analysis of Aluminum Potassium Sulfate - (AP Requirement # 2 - Determination of the percentage of Water in a Hydrate) (Vonderbrink)

Unit 2: Chemical Calculations and General Stoichiometry

Chapter 3) Stoichiometry (1 wk) Percent composition from formula, empirical formula from

percent composition, empirical formula from combustion analysis, molecular formulas. Writing balanced chemical equations, mass-mass stoichiometry. Limiting reactants, theoretical and actual yield.

Related Labs: Determining the Stoichiometry of Chemical Reactions: (AP

requirements # 9 – Determination of Mass & Mole Relationships in a Chemical Reaction) (Vonderbrink)

Chapter 3 Test

Exam 1 Unit 3: Solution StoichiometryChapter 4) Aqueous Reactions (2 wk)

Nature of solutions, Molarity, Solution Stoichiometry Types of reactions, precipitation reactions, acid-base reactions, oxidation – reduction reactions.

Chapter 4 Test

Chapter 13) Properties of Solutions (2 wk) Properties of solutions, mole fraction, molality, molarity,

conversion between concentration units, dilution problems. Effects on solubility of temperature and pressure, Henry’s Law, Raoult’s Law, Boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, osmotic pressure. Molar mass determination from colligative properties.

Chapter 13 Test

Related Labs: Acid – Base Titrations: (AP requirements # 6 – Standardization of a

Solution Using a Primary Standard) and #7 Determination of Concentration by Acid-BaseTitration , Including a Weak Acid or a Weak Base)( Vonderbrink)

Oxidation – Reduction Titrations: (AP Requirement #8 – Determination of Concentration by Oxidation – Reduction Titration)( Vonderbrink)

Molar Mass by Freezing Point Depression: (AP requirements #4 – Determination of Molar Mass By Freezing Point Depression)( Vonderbrink)

Exam 2

Unit 4: States of Matter -

Chapter 10) Gases (1.5 wk) Gas Laws (Charles’, Boyle’s, Combined, Ideal). Charles’ and

Boyle’s Law lab. Stoichiometry with Gases, Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressure. Real Gas Laws, Kinetic Theory.

Chapter 10 Test

Chapter 11) Liquids and Solids (1.5 wk) Clausius-Clapeyron Equation, phase diagrams. Solid structural

types (Ionic, molecular covalent, network covalent, metallic), Intermolecular Forces (dipole, hydrogen bonding, dispersion or London forces). structures (simple cubic, face-centered cubic,body-centered cubic).

Chapter 11 Test

Related Labs: Determining the Molar Volume of a Gas – (AP requirement –

Determination of the Molar Volume of a Gas) (Vonderbrink) Determination of the Molar Mass of Gases and Volatile Liquids –

(AP requirement #3 – Determination of the Molar Mass by Vapor Density)( Vonderbrink)

Liquid Chromatography – (AP requirement #18 – Separation by Chromatography)( Vonderbrink)

The Structure of Crystals (Slowinski)

Exam 3

Second Quarter:

Unit 5: Energy Changes in Physical, Chemical, and Nuclear Reactions

Chapter 5) Thermochemistry (2 wk) 1st Law of Thermodynamics. Enthalpy, Enthalpies of Reaction

and Formation. Calorimetry, Hess’s Law. Chapter 5 Test

Chapter 21) Nuclear Chemistry (1 wk) Transmutations, Decay, Calculations of Energy changes.

Chapter 21 Test

Related Labs: Thermodynamics – Enthalpy of Reaction & Hess’s Law – (AP

requirement #13 - Determination of Enthalpy Change Associated with a Reaction) (Vonderbrink)

Heat Effects and Calorimetry (Slowinski)

Unit 6: Kinetics

Chapter 14) Chemical Kinetics (2 wk) Definition of chemical rates, calculation of average rates,

determination of rate law form experiment. Integrated rate laws, half-life, determination of rate order by graphical methods. Reaction coordinate diagrams, catalysis, relation between rate constant and temperature, rate laws from chemical mechanisms.

Chapter 14 Test

Related Labs: Kinetics of a Reaction – (AP requirement #12 – Determination of

the Rate of a Reaction and its Order) – (Vonderbrink)

Exam 4

________________________________________________________________

Unit 7: Equilibrium - GasesChapter 15) Chemical Equilibrium (2 wk)

Definition of equilibrium, equilibrium constant expression, prediction of direction of reaction. Equilibrium concentration given original concentration problems. LeChatlier’s principle

Chapter 15 Test

Related Labs: Properties of Systems in Equilibrium – LeChatelier’s Principle

(Slowinski) Determination of the Equilibrium Constant for a Reaction

(Slowinski) The Determination of Keq for FeSCN2 + - (AP requirement #17

Colorimetric or Spectrophotometric Analysis) – (Vonderbrink)Exam 5

Unit 8: Equilibrium – Acids & Bases

Chapter 16) Acids and Base Equilibria (3 wk) pH, pOH, [OH -], and [H + ] relationships, strong and weak

acids/bases. Reactions of salts in water. Reactions of acids/bases in water (proper ionic notation), acid/base titrations. Acid/Base titration curves, pH at endpoint, acid/base theories.

Chapter 16 Test

Relate Labs: Determination of Ka of Weak Acids – (AP requirement #10 –

Determination of the Equilibrium Constant for a Chemical Reaction) (Vonderbrink)

Exam 6

Third Quarter:

Unit 9: Equilibrium – Buffer systems & Qualitative analysisChapter 17 ) Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria Acid-Base/Precipitation Equilibria (2 w k)

Define Ka , Kb . Determination of Ka from pH and % dissociation. Determination of [H + ], pH for weak acid with/without quadratic formula, polyprotic acid analysis. Kb , acid/base. Rules for multiple equilibria using Ka, Kb , and Ksp, common ion effect, determination of pH in salt solutions. Solubility rules, writing balanced net ionic equations, precipitation titrations, problems with additive volumes. Ksp expressions, equilibria with precipitates, prediction of precipitate formation. Aqueous solubility calculations, common ion effect. Additional Aspects of Aqueous Equilibria (0.5 wk) Principles of buffers (what is buffer, how does it work, how is it made). Additional buffer problems, weak base ionization, Kw = Ka indicator principles.

Chapter 17 Test

Related Labs: Selecting Indicators for Acid – Base Titrations : (AP requirement #

11 – Determination of the Appropriate Indicators for Various Acid – Base Titrations) (Vonderbrink)

pH Properties of Buffer Solutions: (AP requirement #19 – Preparation anf Properties of Buffer Solutions) (Vonderbrink)

Exam 7.

Unit 10: Atomic Structure & PeriodicityChapter 6) Electron Structure of Atoms (0.5 wk)

Quantum Theory principles - energy, frequency and wavelength relationships, Absorption/emission spectra, Bohr atom calculations. de Broglie wavelengths, Wave function, electroncloud probability, electron configurations and orbital diagrams, Quantum Numbers.

Chapter 7) Periodic Properties of the Elements (0.5 wk) Periodicity, effective nuclear charge, atomic radii, ionic radii,

ionization energy, electron affinity, characteristics of metal, nonmetal metalloids,

Chapter 6 & 7 Test

Chapter 22) Chemistry of the Nonmetals(0.5 wk) Periodic trends and reactivity, general characteristics,

properties, preparation, and common compoundsChapter 23 Metals & Metallurgy (0.5 wk)

Periodic trends and reactivity, general characteristics, properties, preparation, and common compounds

Chapter 22 & 23 Test

Related Labs: The Atomic Spectrum of Hydrogen (Slowinski) Molecular Geometries of Covalent Molecules: Lewis Dot Structures

and the VSEPR Model (Nelson & Kemp) Separation and Qualitative Determination of Cations and Anions:

(AP requirement # 14 – Separation and Qualitative Analysis of Cations and Anions)( Vonderbrink)

Synthesis and Analysis of a Coordination Compound – (AP requirement # 15 – Synthesis of a Coordination Compound and its Chemical Analysis) (Vonderbrink)

Unit 11: Chemical Bonding

Chapter 8) Basic Concepts of Chemical Bonding (1 wk) Theory of chemical bonding, periodic properties, Lewis dot

structures, bond polarity, bond energies. (VSEPR)

Chapter 8 Test

Chapter 9) Molecular Geometry and Bonding Theories (1 wk) Molecular bonding theories, (bond hybridization, molecular

orbitals), geometries, bond angles, molecular polarities, molecular orbital configurations.

Chapter 9 Test

Relate Labs: Gravimetric Analysis of a Metal Carbonate: (ap requirement # 16 –

Analysis Gravimetric Determination) (Vonderbrink)

Exam 8

Unit 12: ThermodynamicsChapter 19) Chemical Thermodynamics (2 wk)

Define and calculate Enthalpy, Gibb’s Free Energy, Entropy, find each for reaction from tables. Gibbs-Hemholtz equation, relationship between ı G° and Keq , ı G° and E°, E° and Keq

Chapter 19 Test

Unit 13: ElectrochemistryChapter 20) Electrochemistry (2 wk)

Rules for assigning oxidation numbers, oxidizing and reducing agents, balancing redox equations. Redox in net ionic form, redox titrations. Electrolytic cells, voltaic cells, quantitative electrolysis. Standard cell potentials (E°), strength of oxidizing and reducing agents, Nernst equation and nonstandard conditions.

Chapter 20 Test

Related Labs An Activity Series: (AP requirement #20 – Determination of an

Electrochemical Series) (Vonderbrink) Electrochemical Cells: (ap requirement # 21- Measurements Using

Electrochemical Cells and Electroplating) (Vonderbrink)

Exam 9

. Fourth Quarter:

Unit 14: Organic & BiochemistryChapter 25) The Chemistry of Life: Organic and Biological Chemistry (3 wk)

Nomenclature, Functional Group, Chirality. Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes, Biochemistry and Complex Organic compounds. Isomerism,

Chapter 25 Test

Related Labs Synthesis, Isolation and Purification of an Ester: (AP requirement #

22 – Synthesis, Purification and Analysis of an Organic Compound) (Vonderbrink)

Exam 10

AP Review – ( 4 Weeks) Cumulative Review and Practice test question.