general information - methodology of history and geography
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
General Information - Methodology of
History and Geography
![Page 2: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• Keeping field notes from excavation sites• Analyzing radiocarbon dating test results• Examining and cataloging artifacts
1. Which social scientist directly engages in these activities?
(1) political scientist(2) Historian(3) Archaeologist(4) sociologist
![Page 3: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
• Keeping field notes from excavation sites• Analyzing radiocarbon dating test results• Examining and cataloging artifacts
1. Which social scientist directly engages in these activities?
(1) political scientist(2) Historian(3) Archaeologist(4) sociologist
![Page 4: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
2. Use of terracing is an example of a society’s reaction to
(1) religious beliefs(2) social stratification(3) geographic conditions(4) political situations
![Page 5: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
2. Use of terracing is an example of a society’s reaction to
(1) religious beliefs(2) social stratification(3) geographic conditions(4) political situations
![Page 6: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
…The girl and two other children were left on a mountaintop to succumb [fall victim] to the cold as offerings to the gods, according to the archaeologists who found the mummified remains in Argentina in 1999….
— “Frozen Inca Mummy Goes On Display,” National Geographic News,September 11, 2007
3. This passage best illustrates the role of archaeologists in
(1) interpreting evidence(2) challenging customs(3) classifying artifacts(4) planning expeditions
![Page 7: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
…The girl and two other children were left on a mountaintop to succumb [fall victim] to the cold as offerings to the gods, according to the archaeologists who found the mummified remains in Argentina in 1999….
— “Frozen Inca Mummy Goes On Display,” National Geographic News,September 11, 2007
3. This passage best illustrates the role of archaeologists in
(1) interpreting evidence(2) challenging customs(3) classifying artifacts(4) planning expeditions
![Page 8: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
4. Which nation is located on a peninsula?
(1) Brazil(2) Saudi Arabia(3) Philippines(4) Austria
![Page 9: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
4. Which nation is located on a peninsula?
(1) Brazil(2) Saudi Arabia(3) Philippines(4) Austria
![Page 10: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
5. What would a geographer conducting research be most likely to do?
(1) use carbon-14 to determine the age of artifacts(2) analyze the reasons women vote for certain
candidates(3) observe the effects of wind patterns on regional
trade(4) design a survey to determine the online
spending habits of young people
![Page 11: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
5. What would a geographer conducting research be most likely to do?
(1) use carbon-14 to determine the age of artifacts(2) analyze the reasons women vote for certain
candidates(3) observe the effects of wind patterns on regional
trade(4) design a survey to determine the online
spending habits of young people
![Page 12: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
6. Which body of water is located between Southwest Asia and Southeast Asia?
(1) Pacific Ocean(2) Indian Ocean(3) Caribbean Sea(4) Black Sea
![Page 13: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
6. Which body of water is located between Southwest Asia and Southeast Asia?
(1) Pacific Ocean(2) Indian Ocean(3) Caribbean Sea(4) Black Sea
![Page 14: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
7. Which social scientist is most concerned with analyzing the relationship between the supply of and the demand for goods and services?
(1) an anthropologist (3) a sociologist(2) an economist (4) a political scientist
![Page 15: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
7. Which social scientist is most concerned with analyzing the relationship between the supply of and the demand for goods and services?
(1) an anthropologist (3) a sociologist(2) an economist (4) a political scientist
![Page 16: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
8. What is a major feature of a traditional economy?
(1) nationalizing foreign-owned businesses(2) determining prices using a free market(3) establishing quotas based on five-year plans(4) bartering for goods and services
![Page 17: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
8. What is a major feature of a traditional economy?
(1) nationalizing foreign-owned businesses(2) determining prices using a free market(3) establishing quotas based on five-year plans(4) bartering for goods and services
![Page 18: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
9. An economist who focused on ancient societies would most likely study the
(1) development of trade(2) evolution of family patterns(3) effect of fire on the lives of the people(4) role of religion in river valley civilizations
![Page 19: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
9. An economist who focused on ancient societies would most likely study the
(1) development of trade(2) evolution of family patterns(3) effect of fire on the lives of the people(4) role of religion in river valley civilizations
![Page 20: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
10. Which social scientists primarily study the scarcity of resources and the distribution of goods and services?
(1) anthropologists(2) economists(3) political scientists(4) historians
![Page 21: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
10. Which social scientists primarily study the scarcity of resources and the distribution of goods and services?
(1) Anthropologists(2) economists(3) political scientists(4) historians
![Page 22: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• “Price of Oil Hits Record High”• “Tribes Fight Over Control of Natural Resources”• “Government Rations Goods for Duration of
War”
11. These headlines all relate to the economic concept of
(1) overproduction (2) entrepreneurship(3) interdependence (4) scarcity
![Page 23: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
• “Price of Oil Hits Record High”• “Tribes Fight Over Control of Natural Resources”• “Government Rations Goods for Duration of
War”
11. These headlines all relate to the economic concept of
(1) overproduction (2) entrepreneurship(3) interdependence (4) scarcity
![Page 24: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
• GENTRYWealthy landownersStudy Confucian ideasSome become civil servants
• PEASANTSMost people are peasantsFarmers work the landLive in small villages
• MERCHANTSSome become very richLower status than peasants because their richescome from work done by other peopleSome buy land and educate a son so he can join the gentry
12. Which concept is best illustrated by this diagram?
(1) dynastic cycle (3) social hierarchy(2) guild system (4) cultural diffusion
![Page 25: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
• GENTRYWealthy landownersStudy Confucian ideasSome become civil servants
• PEASANTSMost people are peasantsFarmers work the landLive in small villages
• MERCHANTSSome become very richLower status than peasants because their richescome from work done by other peopleSome buy land and educate a son so he can join the gentry
12. Which concept is best illustrated by this diagram?
(1) dynastic cycle (3) social hierarchy(2) guild system (4) cultural diffusion
![Page 26: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
13. Opinion and bias in written historical sources illustrate the need to be aware of
(1) plagiarism(2) human rights(3) turning points(4) points of view
![Page 27: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
13. Opinion and bias in written historical sources illustrate the need to be aware of
(1) Plagiarism(2) human rights(3) turning points(4) points of view
![Page 28: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• The Americas are referred to as the “New World.”• Eastern Asia is referred to as the “Far East.”• Southwest Asia is referred to as part of the
“Middle East.”
14. Whose perspective is best represented by these regional place names?
(1) Chinese (3) European(2) African (4) Indian
![Page 29: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
• The Americas are referred to as the “New World.”• Eastern Asia is referred to as the “Far East.”• Southwest Asia is referred to as part of the
“Middle East.”
14. Whose perspective is best represented by these regional place names?
(1) Chinese (3) European(2) African (4) Indian
![Page 30: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
15. Which document is considered a primary source?
(1) encyclopedia article(2) modern textbook(3) biography(4) personal correspondence
![Page 31: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
15. Which document is considered a primary source?
(1) encyclopedia article(2) modern textbook(3) biography(4) personal correspondence
![Page 32: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
16. In studying the United Nations, an example of a secondary source would be
(1) the charter establishing the United Nations(2) a speech written by the Secretary General for
the 50th anniversary of the United Nations(3) a description in an encyclopedia of the first
session of the United Nations Security Council(4) photographs of the opening ceremonies at
the original site of the United Nations
![Page 33: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
16. In studying the United Nations, an example of a secondary source would be
(1) the charter establishing the United Nations(2) a speech written by the Secretary General for
the 50th anniversary of the United Nations(3) a description in an encyclopedia of the first
session of the United Nations Security Council(4) photographs of the opening ceremonies at
the original site of the United Nations
![Page 34: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The “Middle East” is not a term Middle Easterners gave themselves, but a British term borne of a colonial, European perspective. The term’s origins are seeped [steeped] in controversy for having originally been a European imposition of geographic perspective according to European spheres of influence. East from where? From London. Why “Middle”? Because it was half-way between the United Kingdom and India, the Far East.…
— Pierre Tristam, “What is the Middle East?” 17. Which term is most closely associated with the main
idea of this passage?
(1) interdependence (3) containment(2) pacifism (4) ethnocentrism
![Page 35: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The “Middle East” is not a term Middle Easterners gave themselves, but a British term borne of a colonial, European perspective. The term’s origins are seeped [steeped] in controversy for having originally been a European imposition of geographic perspective according to European spheres of influence. East from where? From London. Why “Middle”? Because it was half-way between the United Kingdom and India, the Far East.…
— Pierre Tristam, “What is the Middle East?” 17. Which term is most closely associated with the main
idea of this passage?
(1) interdependence (3) containment(2) pacifism (4) ethnocentrism
![Page 36: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
18. What does a topographic map show?
(1) climate regions (3) patterns of trade
(2) ethnic distributions (4) physical features
![Page 37: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
18. What does a topographic map show?
(1) climate regions (3) patterns of trade
(2) ethnic distributions (4) physical features
![Page 38: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
19. Knowing the latitude of a location would be most helpful in determining
(1) language (3) population(2) temperature (4) time
![Page 39: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
19. Knowing the latitude of a location would be most helpful in determining
(1) Language (3) population(2) temperature (4) time
![Page 40: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
• Kabul is the capital of Afghanistan.• India borders Pakistan, China, and Bangladesh.• Most of China’s major cities are in the eastern
part of the country.
20. Which type of map would be most helpful in verifying all this information?
(1) Political (3) land use(2) Climate (4) population density
![Page 41: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
• Kabul is the capital of Afghanistan.• India borders Pakistan, China, and Bangladesh.• Most of China’s major cities are in the eastern
part of the country.
20. Which type of map would be most helpful in verifying all this information?
(1) Political (3) land use(2) Climate (4) population density
![Page 42: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
. . . It recounts the life of the officials, the notaries, the deputies, the proprietors of Indian labour, the priests, the miners and the Spaniards who travel from post to post along the roads and rivers of Peru; the visitors, the judges, the Indian chiefs and their subjects, including the very poor. In my work I have always tried to obtain the most truthful accounts, accepting those which seemed to be substantial and which were confirmed from various sources. I have only reported those facts which several people agreed upon as being true. . . .
— Huamán Poma, Letter to a King: A Peruvian Chief’sAccount of Life Under the Incas and Under Spanish Rule, E. P. Dutton
21. This author is describing the process he used in
(1) formulating a scientific theory from earlier experiments(2) developing a historical account from primary sources(3) comparing details of differing religions(4) explaining the importance of obeying laws
![Page 43: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
. . . It recounts the life of the officials, the notaries, the deputies, the proprietors of Indian labour, the priests, the miners and the Spaniards who travel from post to post along the roads and rivers of Peru; the visitors, the judges, the Indian chiefs and their subjects, including the very poor. In my work I have always tried to obtain the most truthful accounts, accepting those which seemed to be substantial and which were confirmed from various sources. I have only reported those facts which several people agreed upon as being true. . . .
— Huamán Poma, Letter to a King: A Peruvian Chief’sAccount of Life Under the Incas and Under Spanish Rule, E. P. Dutton
21. This author is describing the process he used in
(1) formulating a scientific theory from earlier experiments(2) developing a historical account from primary sources(3) comparing details of differing religions(4) explaining the importance of obeying laws
![Page 44: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
. . . It recounts the life of the officials, the notaries, the deputies, the proprietors of Indian labour, the priests, the miners and the Spaniards who travel from post to post along the roads and rivers of Peru; the visitors, the judges, the Indian chiefs and their subjects, including the very poor. In my work I have always tried to obtain the most truthful accounts, accepting those which seemed to be substantial and which were confirmed from various sources. I have only reported those facts which several people agreed upon as being true. . . .
— Huamán Poma, Letter to a King: A Peruvian Chief’sAccount of Life Under the Incas and Under Spanish Rule, E. P. Dutton
22. According to this author, accounts used in making statements of fact must be
(1) brief (3) verified(2) interesting (4) unbiased
![Page 45: General Information - Methodology of History and Geography](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022070408/56649e4f5503460f94b46e9f/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
. . . It recounts the life of the officials, the notaries, the deputies, the proprietors of Indian labour, the priests, the miners and the Spaniards who travel from post to post along the roads and rivers of Peru; the visitors, the judges, the Indian chiefs and their subjects, including the very poor. In my work I have always tried to obtain the most truthful accounts, accepting those which seemed to be substantial and which were confirmed from various sources. I have only reported those facts which several people agreed upon as being true. . . .
— Huamán Poma, Letter to a King: A Peruvian Chief’sAccount of Life Under the Incas and Under Spanish Rule, E. P. Dutton
22. According to this author, accounts used in making statements of fact must be
(1) brief (3) verified(2) interesting (4) unbiased