general mimo summary

8/10/2019 General MIMO Summary

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MIMO Overview

January 2011


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Fusion WiMAX2.5GHz

Fusion WiMAX is the only DAS systemapproved for WiMAX deployment by

Sprint/Clearwire

Compliant to WiMAX Wave 2 specifications

(MIMO)

Lab qualified by Sprint/Clearwire

Deployed for MIMO operation in Dulles and Reagan

National Airports

2.5GHz; 10MHz channel

Similar air interface to LTE (OFDMA)

7 Main Hubs 17 Expansion Hub

53 RAUs

On air since Q1 2009

ADC Proprietary and Confidential


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LTE Deployments

ADC Proprietary and Confidential 3

Fusion 700MHz MIMO DAS deployments >200 systems shipped

~80% are MIMO

HQ of major US wireless operator

Downlink: 38 Mbps

Uplink: 12 Mbps

Large enterprise campus in Silicon Valley

Currently in DAS network expansion & optimization

Downlink: >20 Mbps

Uplink: >15 Mbps

Midsize southwestern US airport

Successful First Office Application deployment BDA source; SISO mode

Large Las Vegas casino and convention area

Downlink: 28 Mbps

Uplink: 6 Mbps


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Multiple Antenna Usage

Single Input Single Output (SISO)

Traditional cellular downlink configuration

Traditional DAS configuration

Multi Input Single Output (MISO)

Transmit diversity

Single Input Multi Output (SIMO)

Traditional cellular uplink configuration

Applies to 4G system uplink

Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO)

4G downlink configuration

*Source: Agilent 5989-8139EN


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MIMO & Multipath

MIMO requires a rich scattering environment & high SNR

Uses multiple paths to increase capacity or coverage

Multiple paths must be orthogonal independent channels

High SNR required to separate paths and use higher order modulation

Spatial Diversity (Space-Time/Frequency Coding)

Similar to transmit diversity

Transmits redundant data on each antenna to improve reception

Increases coverage area

Spatial Multiplexing

Transmits different data streams on each antenna

Increases capacity

*Source: Agilent 5989-8139EN


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2x2 MIMOModeling the Channel

*Source: Agilent MIMO & STC; 2006


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8/20ADC Proprietary and Confidential 8

Test Signal Setup Details

Phase 1 RF Configuration

Center Frequency : 2593MHz, Bandwidth : 7MHz 7MHz channel BW; specified max data rate of 14Mbps

Most major 4G operators will be using 5 MHz or 10 MHz bandwidths

RF output power at DAS RAU antenna port : 15dBm (for SISO, and 15dBm/port for MIMO)

Antenna Spacing : 6 wavelengths @ 2.6GHz (69cm or 27inches)

Fusion System (MH, EH, & RAU) Configuration

DL Gain : 15dB, UL Gain : 10dB Data was measured in static configuration for each modulation in all three modes: SISO,

MIMO-A and MIMO-B at different locations.

Frame Structure Frame Duration : 5mS, FFT size : 1024, DL ratio : 66%

DL Zone : Zone 0 PUSC (default), Zone 1 PUSC (SISO, MIMO-A, MIMO-B)

UL Zone : Zone 0 PUSC (default)

HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request) OFF

AMC (Adaptive Modulation and Coding) disabled

Phase 2 Indoor CPE;

5MHz channel BW; BTS channel allocation was lowered that BTS MIMO data rate

is limited to 5Mbps for CPE.



Phase 1 Test LocationsFirst Floor

Approx. 200ft

SISO 64QAM 2/3 does not work

1 MIMO RAU was Deployed

Test Locations

Initial attempt at measuring SISO/MIMO throughput

Data taken in a variety of environments and distances



Phase 1 Test LocationsSecond Floor

Approx. 200ft

SISO 64QAM 2/3 does not work



Phase 1 SISO and MIMO Test data PerLocations

Summary:

MIMO-A: 64QAM 2/3 and 16QAM 3/4 works at more locations and has higher data rates than SISO.

MIMO-B: Typically doubles data throughput.

DL Type Modulation Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Mbps Avg

SISOLocation

J-6ft

K-40ft

I-42ft

F-47ft

E-55ft

A-70ft

B-100ft

C-115ft

D-187ft

N-205ft

M-206ft

L-210ft

G-236ft

H-270ft

DL(Mbps)

QPSK 1/2 1.35 1.35 1.36 1.35 1.36 1.36 1.35 1.36 1.35 1.34 1.33 1.36 1.36 1.35 1.35

QPSK 3/4 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.05 2.05 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.05 2.05 1.81 2.05 2.05 2.05 2.03

16QAM 1/2 2.71 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.46 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.71

16QAM 3/4 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.09 4.09 0.00 2.15 4.11 4.10 0.00 3.37

64QAM 2/3 5.46 5.46 5.46 5.46 5.44 5.47 5.46 5.47 5.46 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.46 0.00 3.90

MIMO-A Location J-6ft K-40ft I-42ft F-47ft E-55ft A-70ft B-100ft C-115ft D-187ft N-205ft M-206ft L-210ft G-236ft H-270ft DL(Mbps)

QPSK 1/2 1.35 1.36 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.34 1.36 1.35 1.35

QPSK 3/4 2.05 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.04 2.05 2.05 2.04 2.05 2.05 1.90 2.05 2.05 2.05 2.04

16QAM 1/2 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.70 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73

16QAM 3/4 4.10 4.10 4.09 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.09 4.09 3.92 4.11 4.10 4.11 4.09

64QAM 2/3 5.48 5.47 5.46 5.47 5.46 5.47 5.46 5.46 5.47 0.00 0.00 5.47 5.48 0.00 4.30

MIMO-B Location J-6ft K-40ft I-42ft F-47ft E-55ft A-70ft B-100ft C-115ft D-187ft N-205ft M-206ft L-210ft G-236ft H-270ft DL(Mbps)

QPSK 1/2 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.73 2.71 2.74 2.72 2.73 2.73

QPSK 3/4 4.11 4.10 4.10 4.10 4.11 4.11 4.10 4.11 4.10 4.04 3.93 4.10 4.11 4.11 4.09

16QAM 1/2 5.48 5.47 5.46 5.46 5.48 5.47 5.47 5.47 5.47 0.00 0.00 5.47 5.47 4.42 4.61

16QAM 3/4 8.20 8.20 8.19 8.21 8.20 8.20 8.20 8.19 8.20 0.00 0.00 8.18 8.11 0.00 6.43

64QAM 2/3 10.90 10.90 10.90 10.90 10.80 10.90 10.70 10.80 10.80 0.00 0.00 0.00 10.70 0.00 7.74

2ndFloor


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Cubicle Description

38.0

15.5

29.0

6 x 6steel post

Steel Beam

Glass tops

Fabric overmetal

8 x 8 cubicles

53 high with glass tops (15.5) Cubicle walls are 3.5 thick Fabric covering over metal panels 29 high desks (1 thick) Dividing partition is 7 long Drop ceiling is 9-7 high

6 x 6 steel posts

Angle ofphoto

7 longdividingpartition

ADC ConfidentialDo Not Disclose 13


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SISO vs MIMO Results

Throughput performance for RAU #1

Throughput performance for RAU #2~66 ft. distance from RAU #1

~88 ft. distance from RAU #2 ~66 ft. distance from RAU #2

Throughput numbers in red indicate operation at a lower modulation-coding level than 64-QAM . Varies from 16-QAM to 64-QAM

Averaged the throughput over the entire area for each antenna configuration SISO: 2.41 Mbps MIMO-A: 2.43 Mbps MIMO-B: 4.17 Mbps (173% of SISO)

SISO MIMOA MIMOB RSSI SISO MIMOA MIMOB RSSI SISO MIMOA MIMOB RSSI SISO MIMOA MIMOB RSSI

Loc #1 2.43 2.44 4.85 -49dBm Loc #6 2.43 2.43 4.85 -51dBm Loc #11 2.44 2.43 4.82 -55dBm Loc #16 2.43 2.43 3.26 -63dBm

Loc #2 2.44 2.43 4.86 -39dBm Loc #7 2.43 2.44 4.84 -46dBm Loc #12 2.43 2.43 3.66 -58dBm Loc #17 2 .43 2.43 2.15 -62dBm




SISO MIMOA MIMOB RSSI SISO MIMOA MIMOB RSSI SISO MIMOA MIMOB RSSI SISO MIMOA MIMOB RSSI

Loc # 1 2.42 2.44 3.22 -65dBm Loc #6 2.19 2.43 4.83 -64dBm Loc #11 2.43 2.43 4.87 -62dBm Loc #16 2.44 2.43 4.86 -59dBm

Loc # 2 2.43 2.43 3.23 -68dBm Loc #7 2.15 2.43 2.15 -68dBm Loc #12 2 .43 2.43 4.85 -59dBm Loc #17 2 .44 2.43 4.86 -51dBm


Loc # 4 2.43 2.43 2.16 -69dBm Loc #9 2.44 2.43 4.08 -67dBm Loc #14 2 .44 2.43 4.84 -62dBm Loc #19 2 .43 2.44 4.86 -53dBm

Loc # 5 2.32 2.43 3.25 -75dBm Loc #10 2 .35 2.43 2.15 -71dBm Loc #15 2 .43 2.43 3.35 -69dBm Loc #20 2.44 2.43 4.20 -56dBm


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Propagation Estimate

Phase 2 Propagation

y = -10.668Ln(x) - 38.477

-80.00

-70.00

-60.00

-50.00

-40.00

-30.00

0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00

Dist (m)

DataRSSI(dBm)

Dist (ft) Dist (m) Min Max Avg Model Err 3.28 1.00 -38.70 -38.70 -38.70 -38.48 -0.22

22 6.71 -65.00 -52.00 -57.80 -58.78 0.98

44 13.41 -73.00 -63.00 -67.20 -66.17 -1.03

66 20.12 -75.00 -64.00 -70.20 -70.50 0.30

88 26.83 -79.00 -67.00 -73.60 -73.56 -0.04

Estimated path loss usingLogDistance model for RAU #2 Assumed transmit power of +2dBm

out of each antenna

RSSI in previous tables is for the

pre-amble. Need to subtract 4dB for

the data section

RSSI = -38.4824.56*log10(d) RSSI: received total wideband power

for data section of the carrier

d: distance in meters

PLS of 24.56 is quite low Low cube heights: 4ft.

Ceiling height: 10ft.

Measured signal power variation on

the order of +/- 5dB

Recv sensitivity for 64-QAM in5MHz is roughly -71dBm based

on early 802.16 specifications


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MIMO Antenna Separation

MIMO antenna separation is important to achieve sufficient de-correlation between

MIMO paths

Angular spread of paths is of most importance

Minimum spacing

Literature in academia and industry recommend 3 to 7

In theory 1 should be sufficient but it depends on the environment

At 750MHz 1 = 0.40m (1.3ft)

LTE operator minimum antenna spacing design guidelines Initially 7 9ft.; currently 2 to 3 2-7 to 3-11

ADC recommendation 4 to 6 where possible (roughly 5 to 8 spacing)

2 to 3 where necessary (absolute minimum)

7 used for initial WiMAX deployments; ADC internal WiMAX testing used 6

Cross polarized antennas currently being used for macro network deployment

Maximum spacing

Ideally larger spacing is better however need high SNR from both antennas

Need to consider propagation loss from each MIMO antenna as well as the RAU spacing when

looking at increasing antenna spacing



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1/21/2013page 17 /

Band 1 DL

Band 2 DL

Band 1 UL

Band 2 UL

MIMO 1 DL

MIMO 2 DL

MIMO 1 UL

MIMO 2 UL

Optical Fiber CATV Cable

Single AntennaBand Diplexed

2x2 MIMO

Antennas

Fusion Dualband Block Diagram

Fusion MIMO Block Diagram

FDD Duplexer &

Band Diplexer

FDD Duplexer

Fusion architecture uniquely supports 2x2 MIMO Functional decomposition of dualband signal paths are identical to MIMO signal paths

Two independent full duplex signal paths

Primary difference is that two antennas are used instead of one at the RAU

Fusion dualband RAU supports two bands at different RF frequencies typically through a single antenna

Fusion MIMO RAU supports two bands at the same RF frequency through two separate antennas

TE/ADC DAS Systems and MIMO



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1/21/2013page 18 /

RF1

RF1

IF1 IF2

RF12x2 MIMO signalsoverlap at the same

RF frequencies

Intermediate Frequency (IF)

multiplexing separates

MIMO signals to different IF

frequencies

IF multiplexing transports 2x2 MIMO signals over a

single low bandwidth medium (CATV cabling)

MIMO signals interfere with

each other for RF distribution

over coaxial cable

IF Multiplexing & MIMO



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Summary

1/21/2013 ADC Proprietary and Confidential 19

TE has shipped MIMO DAS systems for the past 2 years

Both WiMAX and LTE; over 200 systems to date

Internal testing has validated that MIMO can double peak throughput relative

to SISO

Spatial multiplexing mode will double peak throughput

Spatial diversity mode improves signal quality; increases coverage area Demonstrated 70% increase in average throughput over entire coverage area


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