GENERAL ORGANIZATION SKIN

Dr. Mah Jabeen MuneeraAssistant Professor

Department of AnatomyKEMU

TERMS, PLANES, POSITIONS

ANATOMICAL POSITION

SIGNIFICANCE

PLANES

MEDIANSAGITTALCORONAL/ FRONTALHORIZONTALOBLIQUE

TERMS

ANTERIORPOSTERIORVENTRALDORSAL

MEDIALLATERALSUPERIOR INFERIORCRANIAL CAUDAL

PROXIMALDISTALEXTERNAL INTERNALSUPERFISCIALDEEPCOMBINED TERMS IPSILATERALCONTRALATERAL

FOR LIMBS

RADIALULNARTIBIALFIBULARPALMARPLANTAR

GENEARL ORGANIZATION

CELL- basic unit of structure and function

TISSUE

BASIC TISSUES

Similar structural & functional characteristics– Epithelium– Connective Tissue– Nervous Tissue – Muscular Tissue

ORGAN

SYSTEM

ORGANISM

INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

Skin & derivativesHairNailMuco-cutaneous junctionsAssociated glands

– Sweat glands– Sebaceous glands– Mammary glands

Skin covers body surfaceext. auditary meatusLat. Surface of ear drumvestibule of nose

8% of total body massSurface area 2.2m2

Thickness varies, depending upon age and region

STRUCTURE

EpidermisDermis

LAYERS

FUNCTIONS Self renewing interface Sensation Protection Temperature Regulation Control of water output Absorption Secretion Excretion Synthesis of vitamin D Storage pH regulation Repair after trauma Elasticity; skin lines Social Communication Dermatoglyphics

APPEARANCE

Skin linesComplexion

– Thickness– Reddish hue of vascularity– Melanin– Carotene

Distribution of hairSkin glandsChanges due to maturation, ageingGeneral state of health

SKIN LINES

TENSION LINES (LANGER’s) Incision linesSTRETCH MARKSWRINKLESDERMATOGLYPHICSOCCUPATIONALFLEXURE LINES; JOINT LINES

SUPERFICIAL FASCIA

Loose connective tissueAdipose tissueDistribution variesContours insulation

DEEP FASCIA

Thick connective tissueBinds superfiscial fascia with underlying

tissues Invests structures; muscles, nerves, blood

vesselsSends partitions

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Information tells clinician about HOW & WHERE the fluids e.g. pus will track

Lymphatics follow the plane of fascia, knowledge is important in malignancies