general pharmacology by dr. bashir

7/28/2019 General Pharmacology by Dr. Bashir

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PHARMACOLOGY

DERIVATION:-

The word pharmacology is derived from twoGreek words i.e. PHARMAKON (an active

principle or equivalent to drug, medicine or

poison) and LOGIA (meaning study).

MEANING:-

Pharmacology means The Science of Drugs


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DEFINITION:-

Pharmacology may be defined as the study

of the History, Source, Physical and chemicalproperties, Compounding, Biochemical and

Physiological effects, Mechanisms of Action,

Absorption, Distribution, Biotransformationand Excretion, Therapeutic and other uses,

precautions, Adverse effects, Interactions

and Contra-indications of Drugs. It is

discipline of Biology and is closely related to

other disciplines in particular physiology and

Biochemistry.


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PHARMACOKINETICS

Pharmacokinetics embraces the knowledge

of absorption, distribution and elimination

(by metabolic biotransformation and /or

excretion) of drugs. It does not deal with

the effects of drugs. Distribution and

elimination are sometimes referred to

collectively in the single term disposition.


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PHARMACODYNAMICS

Pharmacodynamics may be defined as the

study of biochemical and physiological

effects of drugs and their mechanisms of

actions.

In simple words pharmacodynamics means

the effects of drug on the body and

Pharmacokinetics, means the way the body,well or sick, effects the drug with time.


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TOXICOLOGY

Toxicology deals with noxious (hurtful)effects of drugs including toxic symptoms,diagnosis and their treatment. It is not only

concerned with the therapeutic agents butalso with many other chemicals that might beresponsible for household

(carbon monoxide poisoning) environmental(gases, tobacco smoking) and industrialintoxication (industry waste).


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PHARMACOECONOMICS

This is a branch of Health economics that

aims to quantify in economic terms the cost

and benefit of drugs used therapeutically.

POSOLOGY

This type of pharmacology deals with

doses of drugs.


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PHARMACOGENETICS

Pharmacogenetics is usually considered

as branch of pharmacology that deals with

the study of genetic factors that modify the

individual response to drugs but it mayequally be concerned with the influence of

drugs on genes or the treatment of genetic

diseases with drugs.


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PHARMACOGENOMICS

Pharmacogenomics is a branch of

pharmacology that deals with the study of

genetic make up of an individual to

discover the gene variations which areassociated with good and poor therapeutic

response of an individual to a particular

drug and this genetic information is utilizedto guide the choice of drug therapy on an

individual basis.


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PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY

Pharmacoepidemiology is the study of drug

effects at population level. It is concerned

with the variability of drug effects between

individuals in a population and betweenpopulations. Pharmacoepidemiological

studies also take into account patient

compliance and other factors that applywhen the drug is used under real-life

conditions.


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CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

It is that branch of medical science which

is most concerned with the rational

development, the effective and safe use

and proper evaluation of drugs and otherchemical entities in humans for the

diagnosis, prevention, alleviation and cure

of diseases and disease syndromes.


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THEOTHERAPY:-

(Gr. Theos-god, therapeia-treatment). The

treatment of disease by prayer and religiousexercises.


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CLINICAL PHARMACY

A health science discipline that embodies

the application and development, by

pharmacists, of scientific principles of

pharmacology, toxicology, therapeuctics,

clinical pharmacokinetics,

pharmacoeconomics, Pharmacogenomics,and other life sciences for the care of

patients.


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CLINICAL PHARMACIST

A pharmacist who is involved in clinical

pharmacy practice, research and/or

education.

PHARMACY

Pharmacy is concerned with the preparing,compounding and dispensing of chemical

agents for therapeutic use.


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MATERIA MEDICA

Materia Medica is the science which deals

with materials or substances used inmedicine. The definition properly focuses

mainly on names, sources, physical and

chemical characters, preparations made

from and doses of substances employed

in the treatment of diseases.


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PHARMACOGNOSY

Pharmacognosy may be defined as the

science that deals with the biological,

biochemical and economic features of

natural drugs and their constituents. The

modern aspects of the science describe

not only the crude drugs but also theirnatural derivatives.


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PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY

It deals with the structure and chemical

reactions of active principles that are used

as drugs.


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CHEMOTHERAPY

Chemotherapy may be defined as the branchof pharmacology that deals with effects ofdrugs on microorganisms and parasites that

are multiplying in the patients tissues. Suchsubstances include natural or syntheticcompounds which selectively kill themicroorganisms or inhibit their growth without

causing any injury or damage to host. Theterm chemotherapy is also, now-a-days,applied to the use of chemicals (either natural,

semi- synthetic or synthetic)


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used to inhibit the growth of malignant or

cancerous cell in the body.

Bactericidal= which kills the bacteria

(Penicillins)

Bacteriostatic= which inhibits the growth or

multiplication of bacteria.

(Tetracyclines)


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PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS

It is the application of drug in the diagnosisprevention and treatment of diseases andtheir use in purposeful alteration of normalfunctions, such as in prevention of pregnancy

or in the use of anaesthetics for surgicalprocedures. Pharmacotherapetuics is ofprimary concern to those who are engaged inhealing professions. It is the branch of

pharmacology which correlatespharmacodynamics with the pathologicphysiology or microbiologic or biochemicalaspects of disease.


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PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

Psychopharmacology is the study of

actions of drugs on psychological

functions and mental states.


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NEUROPHARMACOLOGY

Neuropharmacology is the study of effects

of drugs on nervous system.

EXPERIMENTAL PHARMACOLOGY

BEHAVIOURIAL PHARMACOLOGY

general pharmacology by dr. bashir

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