Lesson 1

application design of components material protection (from corrosion,

damage, etc.)

1. Physical properties2. Mechanical properties3. Chemical properties

colour –light wave length

specific heat – the heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree centigrade (J/kg K)

density – mass per unit volume expressed in such units as kg/cm 3 3

thermal conductivity –rate at which heat flows through a given material (W/m K)

melting point – a temperature at which a solid begins to liquify

electrical conductivity – a measure of how strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current (Ω⋅m)

coefficient of thermal expansion – degree of expansion divided by the change in temperature (m/°C)

tensile strength – measures the force required to pull something such as rope,wire or a structural beam to the point where it breaks

ductility – a measure of how much strain a material can take before rupturing

malleability – the property of a material that can be worked or hammered or shaped without breaking

brittleness –breaking or shattering of a material when subjected to stress (when force is applied to it)

elasticity – the property of a material that returns to its original shape after stress (e.g. external forces) that made it deform or distort is removed

plasticity - the deformation of a material undergoing non-reversible changes of shape in response to applied forces

toughness – the ability of a material to absorb energy and plastically deform without fracturing

hardness – the property of being rigid and resistant to pressure; not easily scratched

machinability – the property of a material that can be shaped by hammering, pressing, rolling

corrosion resistance - a material's ability to resist deterioration caused by exposure to an environment

Material Properties

aluminium

rubber

ceramics

steel

copper

lead

nylon

cast iron

wood

Material Properties

aluminium lightness ; strength

rubber elasticity ; insulation

ceramics thermal resistivity

steel strength

copper conductivity ; corrosion resistance

lead high density; ductility

nylon strength ; toughness

cast iron damping capacity

wood insulation ; environmental friendliness

Material Application

aluminium

rubber

ceramics

steel

copper

lead

nylon

cast iron

wood

Material Application

aluminium foil; aircraft; window frame

rubber tyres,; seal; gasket

ceramics furnace; brick

steel section; pipe

copper pipe; cables

lead storage battery; radiation protection ballast; bullets

nylon rope; clothing

cast iron engine block; valves

wood furniture; deck

gold - gold - 19300 kg/m19300 kg/m33

uranium - uranium - 19100 kg/m19100 kg/m33

lead - lead - 11340 kg/m 11340 kg/m33

steel - steel - 7800 kg/m 7800 kg/m33

Material Tensile Strength UTS (Ultimate Tensile Strength)

carbon nanotubes 62000 M62000 MPPa a ((theoreticaltheoretical300000 300000 MMPPa)a)

48000 kNm/kg48000 kNm/kg

carbon fibre 5650 MPa5650 MPa 3200 kNm/kg3200 kNm/kg

glass fibre 4700 M4700 MPPaa 1340 kNm/kg1340 kNm/kg

spider web 1000 MPa1000 MPa 900 kNm/kg900 kNm/kg

high-strength steel 1200 M1200 MPPaa 154 kNm/kg154 kNm/kg

Material Conductivity

silver 63 x 1063 x 1066 S/m (1/ohm) S/m (1/ohm)

copper59.6 x 1059.6 x 1066 S/m (1/ohm) S/m (1/ohm)

gold45.2 x 1045.2 x 1066 S/m (1/ohm) S/m (1/ohm)

aluminium37.8 x 1037.8 x 1066 S/m (1/ohm) S/m (1/ohm)

Material Specific resistance

polyethylene terephthalate (PET(PET))

10102020 ohm ohm

glass 10101414 ohm ohm

rubber 10101313 ohm ohm

Forging - a manufacturing processwhere metal is shaped by plasticdeformation under great pressure intohigh strength parts.

Casting – pouring or injecting molten metal into a mold containing a cavity with the desired shape