general symptom a to logy 1

8/9/2019 General Symptom a to Logy 1

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General symptomatology& psychopathologyof psychiatric disorder


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Objectives:

At the end of the session the student will beable to :

Explain general symptomatology ofpsychiatric disorder.


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Component of mind.( disorders of thought disorder of emotion-disorder of behavior )

Type of disorder:1-Thought disorder 2-Disturbance in perception.

3- Unreality states. 4- Disorder of memory.

5- Orientation , disorientation. 6- Judgment.

7- Insight. 8- Attention andconcentration.9- Disorder of consciousness. 10- Disorder of affect.

11- Disorder of behavior.

Out line:


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1-disorder of thought

formal

stream

content

1-Concretethinking

2-autisticthinking

5-clang association6-incoherence or word salad

8-poverty of speech

7-pressur of speck

9-Retardation

10-Blocking11-preservation

12-pallilalia

13-Echolalia

14-Irrelevant answer

15-Neologisms

4-flight of idea

3-loseness of association

2-circumstantially

1-tangentiality

1-delusion.

2-obsession

3-

peroccu

ption.

4-suicidal ideation.


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11--Concrete thinking:Concrete thinking: when the patient use literalthinking with out understanding the implicit

meaning behind sentence &it is verse abstract

AA--formal thought disorder:formal thought disorder:

clinical manifestation:clinical manifestation:

...


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22--autistic thinking:autistic thinking: thinking that gratifiesunfulfilled desire but has no regard forreality, egocentric (self -centred) fantasy.


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11--tangentiality:tangentiality: Occur when The speaker goes off the topic

and dos not return to the it.

B-disorder of stream of thinking:

...........................


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22--circumstantially:circumstantially: B

efore getting the point or answering thequestion the patient gets caught up incountless details and explanation.

...............


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33--loseness of association:loseness of association: Thinking haphazard , illogical and confused,

connection of thought is interrupted appearmostly in schizophrenic disorder.


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44--flight of idea:flight of idea: Rapid jumping from one idea to another, the

connection b\t idea is through stimuli from lastidea or external stimuli.

55--clang association:clang association: meaningless rhyming of word


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6-incoherence or word salad: mixture ofword and phrases that have no meaning.

7-pressur of speck: Forceful energy heard in a manicpeople frantic jumbled speech as he or she struggles to

keep pace with racing thought.


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88--poverty of speech:poverty of speech: the speech is brief

and uncommunicate.

99--Retardation:Retardation: refer to slow speech and prolonged

latent period before response.

!

!

....................

....................

....................

.....


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1010--Blocking:Blocking:Sudden cessation of thought in the middle of

sentence & person is unable to continue bistrain of thought.

1111--preservation :preservation : psychopathological repetition ofthe same word or idea in response to the different

question

.


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1212--pallilalia:pallilalia:

pathological repetition of the last word said.

1313--Echolalia:Echolalia: repeating the speech of

another person.

.


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1414--Irrelevant answer:Irrelevant answer:answer hat is not in harmony with question

asked.

1515--Neologisms:Neologisms:word a person Mack up that only. have meaning for

the person.


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C-disorder of content of thought:

It is include:

1-delusion. 2-obsession.

3-peroccuption. 4-suicidal

ideation.


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DefinitionIt is false fixed belief not consist with patient educationaland cultural back ground that cannot be corrected bylogic or reasons.

Delusion divide into:**Systematized : when they form a coherent system andappear to be logical ,e.g.: paranoid delusion.

*un systematized delusion: group of delusion that not

related to each other or in a haphazard relation.Another category of delusion:1-paranoid delusion. 2-delusion of influence.3-depressive delusion. 4-hypochondriacaldelusion

1-Delusion


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11--paranod delusion:paranod delusion:

it is an intense and stronglydefended irrational suspiciousbelief.

It include:It include:

AA--Delusion of grandeur:Delusion of grandeur: falsebelief that one is a very powerfuland important person.

BB--Delusion of persecution:Delusion of persecution: falsebelief that one is chased byother.

CC--Delusion of reference:Delusion of reference: falsebelief that the behavior of otherrefers to one self (people instreet, radio, news paper arereferring to him) .


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DD--Erotic delusion:Erotic delusion: false belief thatthere is a love story between one

self and famous person.EE--delusion of jealousy:delusion of jealousy:conviction that the spouse has some

definite relation with someone

else.ff--delusion of infidelity:delusion of infidelity:false belief derives from pathological

jealousy that one lover isunfaithful (it is an extreme of the

jealousy delusion)gg--litigious delusion:litigious delusion:patient write complaint and sends

them to responsible person.


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22--delusion of influence (delusiondelusion of influence (delusion

of control)of control)

false belief that one is being

controlled by other oragencies.


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33--deprssive delusion:deprssive delusion:

AA--delusion of selfdelusion of self--blame, guiltblame, guiltor sin:or sin:in which the patient that he iswicked, full of sins and unfit to

live with other people(unworthiness).BB--delusion of poverty:delusion of poverty: falsebelief that he lost everything inlife.CC--Nihilistic delusion:Nihilistic delusion: falsebelief that a part of this bodydoesn't exist or he doesn'texist(dead)

.


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44--hypochondriacal delusion:hypochondriacal delusion:

Patient has false belief that he has

physical disease e.g. cancerstomach that is not based on realorganic pathology.

!!!

!!!


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2-obsessive of thought:

Are intrusive of thought invading theconscious awareness against the

resistance of the person in aninvoluntary way that if fully aware that theyun necessary and absurd. If the patient 'sresistance succeeds to temporarily or

partially control this intrusion, tensionaccumulates until it reaches an intolerancedegree that completes the individual toyield and act out the obsessive behavior.


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33--preoccupation:preoccupation:

Centring of thought content arounda particular idea associated withstrong affective tone.

44--suicidal ideation:suicidal ideation:

It is the recurrent idea affecting the

individual to put an end by himselfto his own life


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2-disturbance in perception:

1-hallucination:False perception for which no external

stimuli exist. Hallucination can havean organic or a functional etiology.


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Visual: seeingthing that arenot there.

Auditory:hearing voicewhen none are

present.

Olfactory:smellingsmells that donot exist

Tactile: feelingtouchsensation in theabsent ofstimuli.

Gustatory:experiencingtaste in theabsence ofstimuli.


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2-illusion:It is a false perception with an

external stimulus.N.B. it may affect any of thespecial senses ( auditory,

olfactory.,etc)


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1-hallucination: 2-illusion:

False perception for whichno external stimuli exist.Hallucination can have an

organic or a functionaletiology.

It is a false perceptionwith an external

stimu

lu

s.


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3-unrealitystates:

1-depersonalisation: A phenomenon whereby aperson experience a sense ofunreality or self estrangement.


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4-disorder of memory:

1-amnesia: is loss of memory and may be partial or complete.

type of amnesia:

1-Anterogradeamnesia:

2-Retrogradeamnesia :

3-Total amnesia:

4-Circumscribedamnesia:


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1-Anterograde amnesia: loss of memory for recent event.2-retrograde amnesia : loss of memory for remote event.

3-Total amnesia: loss of memory for recent and remoteevent.4-Circumscribed amnesia: loss of memory for limited time.

2-par amnesia: it denotes false recall.

a-confabulation:patient fills the

gaps in hismemory byfabrication.

b-falsificationpatient addsfraises details

to a truememory.


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3-hyperamnesia: it's excessive memory, the

patient mention evenu

nnecessary details.

4-deja vu phenomena (already seen): in whichnew situation is experienced as previously

5-jamais vu phenomena: in which familiarsituation is experienced as novel.


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6-judgment:

It is the ability to assess a situation correctly and actappropriately within that situation.

7-insight:

It is the ability to under stand the objectivecondition of his illness.N.B. A patient with no insight will have poor

judgment towards his social , financial and

domestic problem.


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8-attention and concentration:

It Is the direction of the focus of awareness andperception to a particular stimulus.

*distractibility: inability to maintain attention,shifting from one area or topic to another withminimal provocation.


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9-Disorder of consciousness:

Between conscious and unconscious there are various degree ofdisturbed consciousness, some of them are:

1-confusion:

There is dimming or clouding of consciousness.All mentalprocesses are slow.

2-delirium:There is clouding of consciousness .the mental function showquantitative change:

a-intellect: Hallucination ,illusion and disorientation.B-affect: fear and apprehension.c-behavior: restlessness.


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3-stupor: there is complete suppression ofmotor activity, the patient doesn't respond to

any stimuli neither of external or internal.

4-twilight state: is state of restrictedconsciousness including ideation perceptionand association emotional state.

5-fugue: it involves memory loss, as doespsychogenic amnesia, but it also includingtraveling away from home or from one's usual

work locale.Therefore, fugue involves flight as well asforgetfulness.


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10-disorder of affect:

A-inadequateaffect:

1-apathy :it's the absence ofemotional experience

and expression.

2-indifference:absence of both emotional but

experience is present.


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B-inappropriateaffect

(incongruity) it is a disharmony ofaffect and ideation.


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c-Ambivalence:

the holding at thesame time of tow opposing emotions, attitudes,

ideas or wishestoward the same person, situationor object

...

...


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D-depressiveaffect:

1-grief ormourning:

it's feeling ofsadness

appropriate toa realloss.

2-depression:it's

a psychopathologicalfeeling ofsadness.


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E-

pleasurableaffect:

1-

eu

phoria:it is a heightened feelingof psychological wellbeing inappropriate toapparent event.

2-elation:it is feeling of happiness

with airof confidence and

enjoymentassociative with increase

motor activity.


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F-anxiety,apprehension ,fear and

phobia

1-Anxiety:

a state of feeling ,uneasiness ,uncertaintyor dread resulting from a real or perceivedthreat whose actual source is unknown orunrecognized.


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Type of anxiety:

2-

tension:unpleasant feelingassociated with

physicaland psychological

tightness.

1-free floating anxiety:it is sever, generalizedand pervasive. Fear not

attached to any idea.

3-panic:

sudden,overwhelming anxietyof such intensity thatit producedisorganization of thepersonality


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2-Apprehension:intense fear of any non-fearful stimuli.Fear of externals danger

e.g. car accident.

3-fear: A reaction to specific danger.

4-phopias: An intense irrational fear ofan object,situation or place .the fear persisteven thought theobject of the fear is perfectlyharmless and the person is aware of

the irrationality.


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14-Disorder of behavior( conation):

a-hyperactivity:

it include:

1-Agitition:it's some from ofhyperactivitycharacterized by pacingand accompanied with

restlessness

2-Excitement:it's sever form ofhyperactivity, excessivepurposeless motoractivity and the patient may

destruct himself or other


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B-Compulsion:

un controllable impulse to perform an act repetitively.

c-Repetitive activity:

1-stereotypy:it is a monotonous repetition of

certain movement without purpose.

4-waxy flexibility:it is the maintenance of imposed postureshowever abnormal they may be

the absence of fatiguein such cases is remarkable

(e.g. raising the heal of the patient from the

pillow or the armu

p).

2-mannerism:it is a repeated movement,

which isn't monotonous andkeeping with the personality

character.


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D- Echopraxia

imitating the movement of another person :.

E- Negativism

frequent opposition to suggestion, e.g.

a-in motor sphere when was asked to lookup he looked down.

b-in speech : when he asked question he

didn't answer.

c- retention of saliva, urine or feces.


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f-Automatic obedience:

the performance of all simple commands ina robot-like fashion may be present in catatonic.

G-Impulsiveness:

is an action that is sudden , abrupt , unplanned

and directed toward immediate gratification.H-psychomotor retardation:

Extremely slow and different movement that in theextremes can entail complete inactivity and incontinence


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BY:

NORAH &

ENAS

general symptom a to logy 1

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