GENERATION 4 NUCLEAR REACTORS

PRESENTED BY:SUBHENDU NASKARROLL NO-165508INDUSTRIAL METALLURGY

NUCLEAR REACTOR

DEVICE TO INITIATE AND CONTROL THE CHAIN REACTION.

SIMILAR TO THE BOILER IN THE BOILER IN THE THERMAL POWER PLANT.

NUCLEAR REACTOR FUEL IS BURNT TO PRODUCE STEAM WITH THE HELP OF HEAT

EXCHANGER TODAY 450 REACTORS ARE USED TO GENERATE

ELECTRICITY IN 30 COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD.

NEED

Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have grown since pre-industrial times, 76% between 1970 and 2010.Earth’s climate change which include

Temperature, sea level, ocean circulation, desertification, storm frequency.

EVOLUTION

Reference: 45nuclearplants.com

GENERATION 4 REACTOR

NUCLEAR ENERGY SYSTEM OFFERING SIGNIFICANT ADVANCES IN SUSTAINABILITY, SAFETY, RELIABILITY AND ECONOMICS.THIS DESIGN NOT EXPECTED TO BE

AVAILABLE FOR COMMERCIAL CONSTRUCTION BEFORE 2030.

GOALS

Environmental FriendlinessMinimization of WasteFuel UtilizationEfficiencyLower costsIncrease Safety

TYPES OF GENERATION IV REACTORS

GAS COOLED FAST REACTORSODIUM COOLED FAST REACTORMOLTEN SALT REACTORSUPERCRITICAL WATER COOLED REACTOR

GAS COOLED FAST REACTOR

CHARACTERISTICSHelium or CO2 coolantReprocessing spent fuel850C outlet temperatureHigh efficiencyEnvironment friendly

BENEFITSDestroy long term isotopesUtilize fuel efficiently

Reference: peaceful ways to use nuclear energy (wordpress.com)

SODIUM COOLED FAST REACTORCHARACTERISTICS

Sodium is a bad moderator.Sodium can be kept at atmospheric pressure.Non-corrosiveCan be produce 1500MW.High conversion ratio.

Reference: azimuthproject.org

MOLTEN SALT REACTOR

CHARACTERISTICSCoolant or even fuel is molten salt mixture. higher thermodynamic efficiency. nuclear fuel dissolved in coolant. Graphite core serves as moderator.Improved safety.

Reference: Nuclear Engineering International (neimagazine.com)

SUPERCRITICAL WATER COOLED REACTOR

CHARACTERISTICSOperate as thermal or fast reactor.Simple design.Compact outline.Low cost electricity.

CONCLUSION

Increased efficiency.Improved Safety .Waste minimization.Natural resource utilisation.Decreased Cost .

REFERENCES

Generation IV Nuclear System: state of art and current trends with Emphasis on safety and security features.Characteristics features, economical aspects and environmental impacts of gen-4 nuclear power for developing countries .Introduction to generation IV nuclear enrgy systems and the international forum .A Technology Roadmap for generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems .Structural materials challenges for advanced reactor systems.

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