genes, disease, and the environment€¦ · genes, disease, and the environment!! genotype is the...
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Genes, disease, and the environment!ü Genotype is the DNA you have!ü Phenotype is the trait you display!ü Genotype does NOT always cause a
phenotype directly!ü The environment plays a big role! !
Plants sense light!
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Roger Hangarter: http://plantsinmotion.bio.indiana.edu/usbg/toc.htm
Plants grow differently with and without light!
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Roger Hangarter: http://plantsinmotion.bio.indiana.edu/usbg/toc.htm
Sunflowers in dark Sunflowers in light
Plants grow differently with and without light!
Peas in dark Peas in light
The light-sensing phenotype is a MULTI-genic trait. !
ü One of the important genes is called Phytochrome A!
ü If a plant is has a ‘broken allele’ of Phytochrome A!ü It is called a PhyA mutant!ü It cannot sense Far-Red light!
ü There are other genes that help sense light!ü PhyB, PhyC, PhyD, PhyE, Cryptochrome!
Dark (no light) White light (all wavelengths)!
Far Red (only one wavelength)
Wild type
(normal) AA
PhyA (mutant)
aa
The phenotype of a phyA mutant depends on the environment!!
Dark (no light) White light (all wavelengths)!
Far Red (only one wavelength)
Wild type
(normal) AA
PhyA (mutant)
aa
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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
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QuickTime™ and aTIFF (LZW) decompressor
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The phenotype of a phyA mutant depends on gene expression.!
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Kaiser Permanente Research Program on Genes, Environment, and Health (400,000 people enrolled)!
ü http://www.dor.kaiser.org/studies/rpgeh/index.html!ü Filled out survey!
ü Family health history!ü Personal health history!ü Lifestyle things!
ü Alcohol, smoking, etc.!ü Food (source and composition)!ü Exercise!ü Work, location (they will do air quality tests)!
ü Gave KP medical number!!ü They will track my medical history!
ü DNA sample!
History, privacy, Population genetics!
ü Iceland - 275,000 “pure bred” population, all enrolled (by Parlaiment) in a private company’s study in 1998 (dECODE genetics)!ü http://www.decode.com/!
ü Genetic Information Non-discrimination Act - United States, 2008!ü Library of congress and NIH sites!
ü http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d110:h.r.00493:!ü http://www.genome.gov/24519851!
ü Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium!ü p + q = 1!ü p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1!