genetic concepts in breeding dogs · dominant traits deep chest prosternum straight backline ......
TRANSCRIPT
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Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
Presented by
Dr. James Sillers
June 2008
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No matter how good a dog is…
…he or she will always produce
some inferior puppies!
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Laws
1. Some genes don’t blend; each one holds on to its individual identity.
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
2. The inheritance of each gene is independent of the other.
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Gene Behavior
Sire
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
Dam
A A
A A
A A
A A A A
A A
100% AA
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Gene Behavior
Sire
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
Dam
A A
A a
A a
A a A A
A A
50% AA + 50% Aa
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Gene Behavior
Sire
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
Dam
A a
A a
A a
a a A a
A A
25% AA + 50% Aa + 25% aa
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Gene Behavior
Sire
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
Dam
a a
a a
a a
a a a a
a a
100% aa
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Dominant Traits
Deep chest
Prosternum
Straight Backline
Straight Tail
High Tail Set
Long Ears
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Dominant Traits
Good Rib Spring
Heavy Bone
Short Leg with Crook
Straight Shoulders
Straight Stifles
Short Coat
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Dominant Traits
Weight
Body Height
Compact Foot
Low-set Ears
Long Head
Wide Ear Leather
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Dominant Traits
Dewlap
Dark Eye
Correct Bite
Black Nose
Short Face
Good Eyesight
Shyness & Aggression
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Recessive Traits
Good Shoulder Layback
Good Stifle Angulation
Reach & Drive
Poor Spring of Rib
Sway Back
Shallow Chest
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Recessive Traits
Light Bone
Low Tail Set
Kinked Tail
Long Coat
Longer, Straight Bone
Small or Short Ears
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Recessive Traits
Pronounced Occiput
Large Skull Size
Light Eye
Bulging Eye
Overshot/Undershot Bite
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Common Misconception
A common misconception among breeders is:
All good traits are dominant.
All bad traits are recessive.
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Genotype vs. Phenotype
Genotype is the genetic
make-up of the dog.
Phenotype refers to how a
dog looks on the outside.
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Laws (continued)
3. What we see on the outside (phenotype) does not always predict what genes a dog is carrying on the inside (genotype).
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Laws (continued)
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
4. Recessive genes, whether they deal with conformation traits or genetic defects, can stay hidden for generations.
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Laws (continued)
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
5. Not all genes act in a simple dominant/recessive manner.
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Gene Mannerisms
• Incomplete Dominance
• Polygenic Traits
• Additive Traits
» Front & Rear Angles
» Gait
» Temperament
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Breeding Systems
• Inbreeding
• Linebreeding
• Outcrossing
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Breeding Systems
Inbreeding Mating parents & siblings
Linebreeding Mating relatives other than parents & siblings
Outcrossing Mating unrelated individuals
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Inbreeding
Why Inbreed?
• Increase uniformity of simple traits
• Increase hybrid vigor by outcrossing inbred individuals
• Duplicate genes of favored ancestor
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Types of Inbreeding
• Brother, Sister
• Half-brother, Half-sister
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Inbreeding
Inbreeding does not create genetic defects, but brings them out over time.
Hybrid vigor counteracts effects of inbreeding by increasing fertility.
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Pedigree
The individual dog is always more important than the pedigree.
A pedigree is helpful in identifying dogs carrying genetic faults.
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Laws (continued)
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
6. To fix a trait, some form of inbreeding must be used.
Mediocre Dog / Great Pedigree
Great Dog / Mediocre Pedigree
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Laws (continued)
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
7. The offspring, progeny, is ultimately the most valuable source of information on the breeding value of an animal.
• Dominant Genetic Defects
• Recessive Genetic Defects
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Trait Selection
Conformation Traits – more subjective
Fitness Traits – measurable, more objective
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Objective Traits
Good Health
Normal Growth
Sound Temperament
Good Reproduction
Longevity
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Multiple Trait Selection
Breeders tend to select for multiple traits: Temperament
Balance
Movement
Shoulders
Stifle Angle
Height
Bite
Coat
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Breeding Program Do’s & Don’ts
When starting a breeding program with a bitch: – Do have an ideal (picture) in your mind of the dog
you are trying to breed
– Do find a mentor before purchasing breeding stock
– Do join a breed club and attend educational seminars
– Do purchase the best bitch you can afford
– Do evaluate as many relatives as possible
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Breeding Program Do’s & Don’ts
When starting a breeding program with a bitch: – Don’t breed your first pet bitch. – Don’t start a breeding program based on only
pedigrees. – Don’t acquire a bitch without a correct
temperament. – Don’t skip checking for health issues in her
pedigree. – Don’t breed a mediocre individual just because
she has a superior pedigree or she is the last of a line.
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Breeding Program Do’s & Don’ts
When selecting a stud dog:
– Do look at what he has already produced. – Do request health scores on his ancestors
for all important defects in your breed. – Don’t automatically breed to the top
winning dog of the day or breeder friend. – Don’t breed a dog just because of his color.
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Breeding Program Do’s & Don’ts
When selecting a stud dog: – Don’t breed a dog just because he has a
lower stud fee or it’s more convenient. – Don’t breed to a relative of the dog you
should use thinking you will get the same genes as the favored dog.
– Don’t breed to a stud dog that has the same faults as the bitch. The faults and virtues of your bitch will determine the stud dog you select.
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Health Issues
Typical Health Issues Found in Borzoi: Thyroid
Epilepsy
Heart Disease
Inherited Eye Diseases
Bloat
Hip Dysplasia
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Laws (continued)
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
8. Never Lose Sight of the whole dog.
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Laws (continued)
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
Form, Function and Balance
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Laws (continued)
9. Remember, we have only one breed standard.
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Drag on our Breed
Forechest
Width of Chest
Tail Carriage
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Evaluating Puppies
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Evaluating Puppies
8 Weeks:
Feet
Pasterns Angle
Length of Neck
Pigment
Hock Length
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Evaluating Puppies
8 Weeks:
Underjaw
Head Shape
Forechest
Depth of Chest
Balance Angulation
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Evaluating Puppies
12 Weeks:
Ear Set & Size
Head Shape
Topline
Balance Angulation
Forechest
Depth of Chest
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Evaluating Puppies
16 Weeks:
Movement
Forechest
Depth of Chest
Eye Color
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Evaluating Puppies
20 Weeks:
Front & Rear Angulation
Bite
Tail Carriage
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Final Thoughts
Puppy coat is not an indication of adult coat.
Heads improve with age.
Tail carriage is determined at one year of age.
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Photos
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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8 Weeks
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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8 Weeks
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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8 Weeks
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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8 & 12 Weeks Comparison
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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8 & 12 Weeks Comparison
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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8 & 12 Weeks Comparison
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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8 & 12 Weeks Comparison
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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8 & 12 Weeks Comparison
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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8 & 12 Weeks Comparison
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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8 & 12 Weeks Comparison
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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8 & 12 Weeks Comparison
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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8 & 12 Weeks Comparison
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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8 & 12 Weeks Comparison
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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8 & 12 Weeks Comparison
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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8 & 12 Weeks Comparison
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs
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Successful Breeding!
Genetic Concepts in Breeding Dogs