genetic solution to the problem of boar taint for production of entire males p.k. mathur a,*, h.a....
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Genetic solution to the problem of boar taint for production of entire malesP.K. Mathura,*, H.A. Mulderb , J. Ten Napelb, J. J. Windigb, R.E. Crumpb, B. van der Felsb , L. Heresc, S. Bloemhofa,M. S. Lopesa, E. F. Knola
a IPG, Institute for Pig Genetics B.V., The Netherlandsb Animal Breeding and Genomics Centre, Wageningen URc VION Food Group, The Netherlands
Genetic solution to the problem of boar taint
• Detection methods– Human Nose Scores (HNS)– Androstenone and skatole
• Genetic parameters– Production– Reproduction
• Genomic analysis
• Breeding strategy
We did so in the “lab”
21,972 samples
Strong boar taint
Boar taint
Weak boar taint
Deviant but not boar taint
Normal pork odour
3
21
0
4
Human Nose Scores (HNS)
Source: Mathur et al. (2011) submitted to Meat Science journal
•Androstenone Androstenone (pheromone)(pheromone)
•Produced in testesProduced in testes
•Related “urine” odourRelated “urine” odour
•Androstenone Androstenone (pheromone)(pheromone)
•Produced in testesProduced in testes
•Related “urine” odourRelated “urine” odour
But the science believes in boar taint compounds
•Skatole (3-methyle-Skatole (3-methyle-indole)indole)
•Produced in hind Produced in hind gutgut
•Related “Fecal” Related “Fecal” odourodour
•Skatole (3-methyle-Skatole (3-methyle-indole)indole)
•Produced in hind Produced in hind gutgut
•Related “Fecal” Related “Fecal” odourodour
Accumulated in fatAccumulated in fat
Genetic parameters
TraitAnd (ln)
Ska (ln)
P (high Ska)
HNS
Androstenone (ln) .54 .33 .31 .27
Skatole (ln) .37 .41 .84 .36
P (High Skatole) .33 .96 .40 .35
Human Nose Score (HNS)
.65 .90 .93 .12
Heritabilities (diagonal), Genetic correlation (below diagonal), Phenotypic correlations (above diagonal). Significant estimates in bold
Source: Windig et al. (2011) submitted to Journal of Animal Science
More than 7,000 boars
Production traits
And (ln)
Ska (ln)
P (high Ska)
HNS
Daily Gain -.06 -.10 -.15 -.07
Fat depth .17 .12 .13 .29
Loin depth -.13 -.10 -.13 -.11
Genetic correlations
Source: Windig et al. (2011) submitted to Journal of Animal Science
N= 7,336 : Androstenone and Skatole N= 20,130 : Human Nose Scores
Reproduction traits
And (ln)
Ska (ln)
P (high Ska)
HNS
Age at first insem. (d) -.10 -.13 -.19 -.10
Gestation length (d) .06 .06 .05 .11
Weaning to inse. Int. (d) -.09 .11 -.06 -.11
Total number born (N) -.07 .06 -.04 .08
Still born ln(N+1) -.07 .04 -.13 .02
Mortality (%) .12 .02 .05 -.09
Genetic correlations
Significant estimates in bold
Genomic information
Reduction in boar taint due to a single SNP with large effect
Source: Duijvesteijn et al. BMC Genetics (2010)
We used a panel of SNPs
Each AI boar genotyped with a panel of boar taint related SNPs selected out of 60K SNPs
Genomic selection
Genomic Breeding Values (GBVs)
Genomic Breeding Values (GBVs)
Phenotypic data
HNS,
And, Ska
Genotypes based on selected SNP panel
Breeding goal
Reduce “True” Boar taint
• Assumed to follow normal distribution
• Values on underlying scale based on area under the curve
Sorting of LBT boars
TOPIGS
LBT-boar
a)
b)
c)
Genomics
Human nose scores
ASI compounds (carcass and biopsy)
LBT = Low Boar Taint
Effect of genetic selection
Strong boar taint
Boar taint
Weak boar taint
Deviant but not boar taint
Normal pork odour
3
21
0
4
Human Nose Scores
- 41%
- 40%
- 19%
- 8%
+ 5%
Effect of LBT boars (%)
Conclusion
Boar taint can be reduced Boar taint can be reduced through geneticsthrough genetics
through a combination of:
A) Boar taint compounds (And, Ska)B) Human nose scoresC) Genomic information