genetic thinning of clonal seed orchards using linear deployment
DESCRIPTION
Genetic thinning of clonal seed orchards using linear deployment. Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding in the Age of Genomics: Progress and Future November 1-5, 2004 Charleston Wednesday 1:30-5:40 PM Concurrent Session II: Advances in Reproductive Biology and Seed Orchards Moderator: Clem Lambeth - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Genetic thinning of clonal seed orchards using linear
deployment
Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding in the Age of Genomics: Progress and Future
November 1-5, 2004 Charleston
Wednesday 1:30-5:40 PMConcurrent Session II: Advances in
Reproductive Biology and Seed OrchardsModerator: Clem Lambeth
4:25-4:50 Seed orchard Thinning Using Linear Deployment of Clones
Dag Lindgren, SLU, Sweden
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The authors
Mohan Varghese Dag Lindgren Finnvid Prescher
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Presents a genetic thinning algorithm
Known:
• Ramet number and breeding value for each clone
Result:
• Number of ramets to be rouged for each clone
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The algorithm combines the two desires:
• High effective number of clones
and
• High genetic gain
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Linear deployment is optimal for establishment!
• No other deployment combines higher gain with higher effective number
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Linear Deployment at seed orchard establishment
0
50
100
150
200
100 110 120
Breeding value of clone
Ra
me
ts
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At thinning ramets cannot be added, just withdrawn. The
algorithm has to be modified.
Linear deployment for genetic thinning
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Linear Deployment at genetic thinning
0
50
100
150
200
100 110 120
Breeding value of clone
Ra
me
ts
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The optimal line is the same for all clones
Bondesson, L. and Lindgren, D. 1993. Optimal utilization of clones and
genetic thinning of seed orchards. Silvae Genet. 42: 157-163 .
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Mathgi = breeding value of clone i ri = ramets (grafts) of clone i after thinning Ri = ramets of clone i before thinning (higher border) g0 = intercept b = slope Ne = effective number of clones G = breeding value of seed orchard clones
ii
ii
e
r
rN
2
2
iii rgrG /
At given effective number, gain is maximized if ramet number is proportional to breeding value
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More math…The linear deployment thinning algorithm maximizing G at Ne is as follows:
0
)(
0
000
0
ii
iiii
iiii
rgg
ggbrgggb
R
Rrggb
R
The algorithm results in an optimal combination of G, Ne and ramets remaining, but there are many optimal combinations. The specific solution is given by the choice of g0 and b. g0 and b are chosen to result in desired combination of values for
G, Ne and ramets remaining.
(Bondesson and Lindgren 1993).Note that linear deployment can be seen as a solution searching for a problem, and not as usual a problem asking for a solution.This presentation shows three practical applications
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Genetic thinning characteristics
1. Remaining ramets
2. Genetic gain (breeding value)
3. Effective clone number
Linear deployment thinning is optimal
No other deployment can increase one of these three factors without decreasing another
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This is first presentation of applications of the algorithm
published 1993!
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Put into a worksheet…
Output: Gain, effective number, remaining ramets per clone
Input:
breed
ing v
alues
,
ram
et num
bers
Linear Deployment at www.genfys.slu.se/staff/dagl
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Three objectsPlace Species Type BV from
Lagan,
Sweden
Norway spruce
Seed orchard,
Cuttings
Clonal test
Maglehem,
Sweden
Norway spruce
Seed orchard,
Grafts
Progeny test
Coimbatore,
India
Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Clonal test converted to seed orchard
The site itself
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At a suitable thinning intensity
106
107
108
109
110
16 18 20 22 24 26 28
Effective clone number
Bre
ed
ing
Valu
e
The graph is generated by trying different lines
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Result Lagan, linear deployment thinning
Before Thinned
Clones 32 32
Ramets 5351 3644
Gain (% ) 106.0 108.5
Effective number
20.0 22.0
Substantial improvement for both Gain and Effective number!
Truncation
24
3644
109.0
16.8
Marginally higher gain, but many clones lost, effective clone number substantially reduced!
Practical thinning resulted in almost full optimality!
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Genetic thinning Maglehem
0102030405060708090
100
-2.50 -1.50 -0.50 0.50 1.50
Breeding value for height
Ra
me
ts p
er
clo
ne
Before thinning
After thinning
Intended Linear Deployment
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Thinning at Maglehem
Before Thinned
Clones 36 32
Ramets 2006 1260
Gain -0.03 0.48
Effective number
34.9 26.8
Truncation
28
1565
0.36
27.´0
Truncation selection that preserves the effective number results in much lower gain!
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Thinning at Maglehem
Before Thinned
Clones 36 32
Ramets 2006 1260
Gain -0.03 0.48
Effective number
34.9 26.8
Truncation with the same number of ramets results in a little higher gain, but much fewer clones and effective number
Truncation
23
1261
0.56
22.1
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Thinning at Maglehem
Before Thinned
Clones 36 32
Ramets 2006 1260
Gain -0.03 0.48
Effective number
34.9 26.8
Linear
32
1260
0.49
26.8
The optimality remains!
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Eucalyptus clone trial at Coimbatore
A clonal test of Eucalyptus camaldulensis established at Coimbatore in south India comprising 87 clones (selected from 7 seedling seed orchards and commercially available clones). There were 15 ramets of each clone arranged in 3 tree plots with 5 replications.
The test was to be converted to a clonal seed orchard based on height assessment in the trial at three years.
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The Eucalyptus clone trial at measurement and the ramets at planting
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0
4
8
12
16
4 5 6 7 8 9
Clone height (m)
Nu
mb
ero
f ra
me
ts
InitialSame ramet numberSame gainSame effective NumberTruncation
Thinning Coimbatore
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Linear DeploymentSame ramet
Truncation selection
Clones 72 43
Eff number 57.3 42.4
Ramets 573 573
Height 7.49 7.56
At the same thinning intensity there are much higher retained number and effective number, but marginal loss in gain,
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Linear DeploymentSame Gain
Truncation selection
Clones 70 43
Eff number
50.5 42.4
Ramets 429 573
Height 7.56 7.56
At the same genetic gain there are much higher retained number and effective number, but a more intensive thinning is requiered.
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Linear Deployment Same Ne
Truncation selection
Clones 62 43
Eff number 42.4 42.4
Ramets 396 573
Height 7.65 7.56
At the same effective number of clones there are a higher retained number and more gain, but a more intensive thinning is required.
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Conclusions• Linear deployment at thinning is theoretically
optimal!• The loss from optimality because of practical
difficulties is marginal and the added flexibility may offer advantages!
• The added practical difficulty is marginal.• The increase in gain and clones retained at the
same effective clone number are substantial!• It is sometimes possible to make significant
increases for both gain and effective clone number with a moderate genetic thinning. These entities have earlier been seen as incompatible!