Genetics

GeneticsPunnett SquaresVocabulary Review__________ allele: always shows up when the allele is present, represented by a capital letter (R)

__________ allele: is hidden when the dominant allele is present, represented by a lowercase letter (r)DominantRecessiveVocabulary Review___________: an organisms physical appearance (round/wrinkled seeds)

__________: an organisms genetic makeup (RR, Rr, or rr)PhenotypeGenotypeVocabulary Review_____________: a genotype with 2 of the same alleles (RR or rr)

______________: a genotype with 2 different alleles (Rr)HomozygousHeterozygousPunnett SquareA chart that shows all the possible allele combinations (genotypes) the offspring of two parents can have.

How to make a Punnett Square:1. Draw a box and divide it into 4 squares.

How to make a Punnett Square:2. Write the male parents alleles along the top of the square and the female parents alleles along the left side.Example: Father-Rr Mother-Rr

R=round seedsr=wrinkled seeds

How to make a Punnett Square:3. Copy the female parents alleles into the boxes to their right.

Example: Father-Rr Mother-Rr

How to make a Punnett Square:4. Copy the male parents alleles into the boxes beneath them.

Example: Father-Rr Mother-Rr

How to make a Punnett Square:5. The completed Punnett square shows all the possible genotypes of the offspring.

Example: Father-Rr Mother-Rr

Punnett SquareA Punnett square can be used to calculate the probability that a certain combination of alleles will result.

Probability offspring will be RR: ___out of ___ or ____%

1425Punnett SquareA Punnett square can be used to calculate the probability that a certain combination of alleles will result.

Probability offspring will be Rr: ___out of ___ or ____%

2450Punnett SquareA Punnett square can be used to calculate the probability that a certain combination of alleles will result.

Probability offspring will be rr: ___out of ___ or ____%

1425Punnett SquareYou can also calculate the probability of the phenotypes.R=round seeds r=wrinkled seeds

RR and Rr produce _______ seeds: : ___out of ___ or ____%

round 3475Punnett SquareYou can also calculate the probability of the phenotypes.R=round seeds r=wrinkled seeds

rr produces _________ seeds: : ___out of ___ or ____%

wrinkled1425Fur color of mice:

Dominant allele:Recessive allele: Punnett Square Examples

F (black fur)f (white fur)Punnett Square ExamplesPurebred black mouse (FF) x purebred white mouse (ff) Probability of:FF: ___ out of 4 or ___%Ff: ___ out of 4 or ___%ff: ___ out of 4 or ___%Probability of:Black mouse:___ out of 4 or ___%White mouse:___ out of 4 or ___%

Punnett Square ExamplesPurebred black mouse (FF) x purebred white mouse (ff) FfFfFfFf F F f

fProbability of:FF: ___ out of 4 or ___%Ff: ___ out of 4 or ___%ff: ___ out of 4 or ___%Probability of:Black mouse:___ out of 4 or ___%White mouse:___ out of 4 or ___%

00004100(FF, Ff)410000(ff)Punnett Square ExamplesWhite mouse (ff) x white mouse (ff) Probability of:FF: ___ out of 4 or ___%Ff: ___ out of 4 or ___%ff: ___ out of 4 or ___%Probability of:Black mouse:___ out of 4 or ___%White mouse:___ out of 4 or ___%

Punnett Square ExamplesWhite mouse (ff) x white mouse (ff) ffffffff f f f

fProbability of:FF: ___ out of 4 or ___%Ff: ___ out of 4 or ___%ff: ___ out of 4 or ___%Probability of:Black mouse:___ out of 4 or ___%White mouse:___ out of 4 or ___%

00100400(FF, Ff)001004(ff)Punnett Square ExamplesWhite mouse (ff) x heterozygous mouse (Ff) Probability of:FF: ___ out of 4 or ___%Ff: ___ out of 4 or ___%ff: ___ out of 4 or ___%Probability of:Black mouse:___ out of 4 or ___%White mouse:___ out of 4 or ___%

Punnett Square ExamplesWhite mouse (ff) x heterozygous mouse (Ff) FfFfffff f f F

fProbability of:FF: ___ out of 4 or ___%Ff: ___ out of 4 or ___%ff: ___ out of 4 or ___%Probability of:Black mouse:___ out of 4 or ___%White mouse:___ out of 4 or ___%

00502250(FF, Ff)250502(ff)