genetics an s 213
DESCRIPTION
GENETICS AN S 213. Paula Gentry, PhD Chad Steining. Contact Information Dr. Gentry. 225 Shantz (West end, main floor, in small hallway) Office 626-3642 Lab 626-3572 Email [email protected]. Contact Information Chad Steining. 113 Forbes (Southwest corner of basement level) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
GENETICSAN S 213
Paula Gentry, PhD
Chad Steining
Contact InformationDr. Gentry
225 Shantz (West end, main floor, in small hallway)Office 626-3642Lab 626-3572Email [email protected]
Contact InformationChad Steining
113 Forbes (Southwest corner of basement level)Lab 626-3572Cell 403-7095Email [email protected]
Concepts in Genetics7th Edition
William S. Klug and Michael R. Cummings
Will be available in the bookstore by the middle of September
Welcome Back Picnic
Wednesday, September 1, 4:30 PMCampus Ag Center (NW Corner of Campbell
Ave and Roger Rd)
Ag Ed Picnic Area (west of the equine center)
Find out about: dunking faculty, student clubs and organizations, scholarship recipients
Free food and T-shirts, games and door prizes (gift certificates and football tickets)
Please contact MaryAnn Harris
Rides are available
Job Announcement
Student position with USDA (includes vacation and sick leave)
Work with researchers studying aflatoxin and other agriculturally relevant fungi
Contact Peg Kattnig: [email protected]
COURSE OVERVIEW Four regular exams, 125 points each Drop one exam….. No make-up exams One comprehensive final exam, 125 points
500 POINTS TOTAL500 POINTS TOTALA 90% (450 pts) B = 80-89% (400-449)C = 70-79% (350-399) D = 60-69% (300-349)E 59% ( 299)
EXPECTATIONS You deserve preparation, clarity and content from me. I expect you to prepare and attend. I also expect you to
behave yourselves. You know what this means. Please, please, please, PUHLEEZE, avoid the following
question:
“Do I need to know this…?”
If I talk about it in class, you need to know it.
WHY GENETICS?
Or,
Why do they make us take this class?
Why Genetics?
Perspective!
Why Genetics?ClothingClothing… cotton, wool? FoodFood… chicken, beef, pork, milk, rice, wheat,
corn, yeast? HealthHealth… drug discovery and production
(antibiotics, immunosuppressive agents, recombinant compounds), organ culture, diseases
IndustryIndustry… citric acid, amylase, pharming BiotechnologyBiotechnology…altered plant and animal genomes
Why Genetics?
GENETICS: The study of genes, heredity and variation….
…at the level of the cell, the individual, an individual’s offspring and the population in which individuals live.
GENE: A section of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the hereditary material that a) passes from one generation to the next and b) encodes information used by cells to form and do the work of cells.
Why Genetics?
DNA is the key molecule that links all the disciplines of biology.
Why Genetics?
What are the different disciplines within Genetics? 1. Classical or Mendelian Genetics 2. Cytological Genetics 3. Molecular Genetics 4. Population Genetics
Why Genetics? Classical or Mendelian Genetics
How traits encoded in DNA are passed from one generation to the next
Why Genetics?Cytological Studies
How DNA is used within a cell to direct the formation and function of a particular cell type, within an organ or functional unit.
Studies use light and electron microscopy to examine cell structure and function.
Why Genetics?Molecular Genetics
Chemical structure of DNA, and by extension of genes, and how they operate at the molecular level.
Why Genetics?Population Genetics
Study of variation of gene expression within and between populations
How are the different disciplines in Genetics useful?
Plant Agriculture Increase yield Increase nutritional value
Beta carotene (pre-vitamin A) in “golden” rice Increase disease and pest resistence
StarLink Corn—engineered to contain an insecticidal protein derived from a bacteria
Animal feed only, but sneaked into two taco shells in fall 2000 and set off a storm of controversy regarding genetically engineered crops.
Animal Agriculture
Increase meat, milk, egg and wool yield Increase feed efficiency Artificial Insemination
Increase genetic progress by inseminating many females with sperm from a single sire.
Parentage Analysis
In a mixed sire system, identification of sire and dam by marker analysis
Can be coupled with identification of superior individuals and marker-assisted selection programs
Combine to increase yield and production
Pharming
Pharmaceutical production from transgenic animals Insert a gene encoding a useful protein into the genome
of an organismThe useful protein is produced in large quantities by the
organism (e.g. in milk or eggs) and can be purifiedErythropoietin, tissue plasminogen activator, insulin,
interferon
Medicine Xenotransplantation
Development of cells, tissues and organs from non-humans for transplantation into humans.
Pig organs for transplant—development of a strain of pigs whose cells do not express immunogenic markers on their surface
Carries the risk of disease introduction– AIDS, Ebola and Mad Cow Disease (BSE) are all thought to have spread to humans from animals
Gene Therapy
When human disease has been shown to result from a mutation in a single gene (e.g. cystic fibrosis), replacement of the defective/non-working gene with a working copy restores function
Immunogenetics
Identification of immune markers that are common between groups of individuals makes possible compatible blood transfusions and organ transplant surgery
Disease Diagnosis
DNA chips (microarrays)Thousands of short DNA sequences attached to a glass
slide Represent different gene sequences from normal and
diseased tissuesCan be used to diagnose cancer and some metabolic
diseases by identifying expression of genes associated with disease state
Forensic Analysis
Crime scene analysis DNA analysis to establish guilt or innocence