genetics. genetics is the branch of science that studies _________. ________ is the passing of...
TRANSCRIPT
Genetics is the branch of science that studies _________.
________ is the passing of traits from parents to offspring.
heredity
Heredity
GregorGregor MendelMendel
Did his research in the __________ Born in 1822 in __________ Wanted to figure out why some
_______ showed up more often then others
Studied garden _____ plants
monastery
Austria
traits
pea
Why Pea Plants? Why Pea Plants? ____ _________ -has both male and
female reproductive structures on the same plant– Able to grow ____ ________ plants. Plants
self pollinate therefore were exactly like the parent.
_____ __________-pollen from one plant fertilizes the ovule of a different plant – Carried by _______ or _________
Self Pollinating
true breeding
Cross Pollination
wind insects
CharacteristicCharacteristic
A __________ that has different _______ in a population
_______ different forms of a characteristic
– __________ or ____________
featureforms
Traits
Dominant recessive
Dominant TraitDominant Trait
The trait present in the _______ generation
Dominant alleles are symbolized with __________ letters
first
capital
Recessive TraitRecessive Trait
The trait that seems to _______ into the background
Does NOT show up as _______ A trait that _________ in the second
generation after _____________ in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred
Recessive alleles are symbolized with _________ letters
recede
often
reappearsdisappearing
lowercase
RATIORATIO
Relationship between two different Relationship between two different numbers that is often expressed as a numbers that is often expressed as a fraction fraction
Traits and InheritanceTraits and Inheritance
________-instruction for inherited traits– One from each __________
_________-different forms of a gene
__________-an organism’s appearance __________-an organism’s genetic
makeup
Gene
parent
Alleles
Phenotype
Genotype
_______________ an organism that has _____ dominant or two _______ alleles. ____________
_______________ an organism has both a __________ AND a ___________ allele. _________
Homozygoustwo recessive
Purebred
Heterozygous
dominantrecessive hybrid
1. How long was the 1. How long was the experiment expected to last? experiment expected to last?
The experiment was expected to last seven years.
2. Why use pea plants? 2. Why use pea plants?
Gregor Mendel used pea plants Gregor Mendel used pea plants because they were able to because they were able to self self pollinatepollinate and and easy to groweasy to grow. .
3. 3. Why was the F1 generation referred to as being hybrid tall?
There was one dominant and one recessive allele. The recessive allele is hidden.
Heredity In Plants READINGHeredity In Plants READING 1. The passing of characteristics from
parents to offspring is known as ____________
2. The scientific study of heredity is called __________
3. The offspring of two purebred plants with contrasting traits is called a _____________
4. A _________ trait will occur more often then a ____________ trait.
heredity
genetics
hybriddominant
recessive
1. In __________ reproduction, only one parent cell is needed for reproduction.
2. In __________ reproduction, two parent cells join together to form a new individual.
3. Human body cells have ___ chromosomes.
asexual
sexual
46
4. Human _____ _____ have only ___ chromosomes-half the usually number. Male sex cells are called _____. Female sex cells are called ________.
5. _________produces new sex cells with half the usual number of chromosomes.
6. Genes are located on __________.
sex cells 23
spermegg
Meiosis
chromosomes
7. ____ ____________ carry genes that determine whether the offspring is male or female.
8. Females have _____ chromosomes. 9. Males have _____ chromosome and
____ chromosome. 10. THINK! Explain the difference
between sex cells and sex chromosomes.
Sex chromosomes
2 X
1 X1 Y
10. 10. THINK! Explain the difference between sex cells
and sex chromosomes.
Each sex cell (egg or sperm) contains half of all the chromosomes, including one sex chromosome. The sex chromosome genes are what determine whether an offspring will be male or female.
Chromosomes are made of ______ Genes must be able to supply
__________ for cell processes and for ________ cell structures
________ and ______ build models of DNA. They conclude that DNA resembles a twisted ladder shape known as a ______ _____
DNA
instructionsbuilding
Watson Crick
double helix
The structure of DNA can be compared to a _______ ______
___________ __________ is when a trait does not blend together but each allele has his own degree of influence.
Many things in your ___________ also influence how you grow and develop – Example:
twisted ladder
Incomplete Dominance
environment
amount of food
___________ act as a chemical messenger
__________ occur when there is a change in the order of bases in a organism’s DNA
The three possible consequences to changes in DNA include: – __________________– __________________– __________________
Proteins
How tall you are
Eye color
Mutations
an improvement
no change at alla harmful change
A ________ is anything that can cause a mutation in DNA
_________________ is a disease that affects red blood cells
Genetic __________ provides information and counseling to couples who wish to have children but are worried that they might pass a disease on to their ________
mutagen
Sickle Cell Anemia
counseling
children
A __________ is a diagram for tracing a trait through generations of a family.
In _________ ________ organisms with desirable characteristics are mated to produce a new breed.
This process of _________________ allows scientists to transfer genes from one organism to another.
Pedigree
selective breeding
genetic engineering