geo: chapter 3, section 2
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter Three, Section 2Chapter Three, Section 2CLIMATECLIMATE
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What’s a happenin’?What’s a happenin’? 19th century Peruvian fishermen found funny
fish functions in the ocean During Christmas time waters would become
very warm, resulting in poor fishing every 2 to 7 years
First, was taken merely as folk knowledge 20th century scientists found global weather
patterns disrupted or altered normal human activity
19th century Peruvian fishermen found funny fish functions in the ocean
During Christmas time waters would become very warm, resulting in poor fishing every 2 to 7 years
First, was taken merely as folk knowledge 20th century scientists found global weather
patterns disrupted or altered normal human activity
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are needed to see this picture.
Factors affecting climateFactors affecting climate1) WIND CURRENTS-convection: the transfer of heat in the atmosphere
by upward motion of the air.How do winds work?-sunlight heats atmosphere, air expands, creates
zone of low pressure, cooler dense air in high-pressure zone rushes to low-pressure area causing wind
Global wind patterns: hot air flows towards poles, cold air moves toward equator
Because of tilt of earth, winds bend, called the Coriolis effect.
- in Northern Hemisphere they turn right- in Southern Hemisphere they turn left
1) WIND CURRENTS-convection: the transfer of heat in the atmosphere
by upward motion of the air.How do winds work?-sunlight heats atmosphere, air expands, creates
zone of low pressure, cooler dense air in high-pressure zone rushes to low-pressure area causing wind
Global wind patterns: hot air flows towards poles, cold air moves toward equator
Because of tilt of earth, winds bend, called the Coriolis effect.
- in Northern Hemisphere they turn right- in Southern Hemisphere they turn left
Winds, winds, windsWinds, winds, winds Wind patterns in north and south hemispheres are
mirror images of each other. Winds are identified by direction from which they blow
Wind patterns in north and south hemispheres are mirror images of each other. Winds are identified by direction from which they blow
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2) OCEAN CURRENTS-Ocean currents are like rivers flowing in the
ocean-they move in circular systems
-warm waters flow away from equator-cold waters flow toward equator
The winds that blow over the ocean currents directly influence climate of lands
Example: Europe is as far north as Canada, but enjoys a milder climate because of the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Drift
Ocean currents - also affect amount of precipitation. Cold ocean currents flowing along a coastal region chill the air, preventing warm air to release moisture. See California cool and Benguela cool
2) OCEAN CURRENTS-Ocean currents are like rivers flowing in the
ocean-they move in circular systems
-warm waters flow away from equator-cold waters flow toward equator
The winds that blow over the ocean currents directly influence climate of lands
Example: Europe is as far north as Canada, but enjoys a milder climate because of the Gulf Stream and the North Atlantic Drift
Ocean currents - also affect amount of precipitation. Cold ocean currents flowing along a coastal region chill the air, preventing warm air to release moisture. See California cool and Benguela cool
Questions for Thought:Questions for Thought:1) How do ocean currents differ
from wind currents?
2) What is general direction of wind and ocean currents?
1) How do ocean currents differ from wind currents?
2) What is general direction of wind and ocean currents?
3) Zones of latitude-there are three general zones: low
or tropical, middle or temperate, high or polar
Tropical: found on either side of equator, extend to Tropics
High-Latitude Polar: encircle North and South Poles
Mid-Latitude Temperate: between tropics and polar regions, greater variation in climate
3) Zones of latitude-there are three general zones: low
or tropical, middle or temperate, high or polar
Tropical: found on either side of equator, extend to Tropics
High-Latitude Polar: encircle North and South Poles
Mid-Latitude Temperate: between tropics and polar regions, greater variation in climate
4) Elevation-As altitude increases, air temperature drops
(about 3.5 degrees F every 1000 feet)-Climates above 12,000 ft. become Artic like
areas
Let’s analyze the map on page 56…Questions for thought - 1 - what climates would you find at 2,500 ft.
elevation? At 15,000 ft.? 22 - what latitude and altitude would you find a
desert climate?3 - Explain how climate zones change as latitude
gets higher
4) Elevation-As altitude increases, air temperature drops
(about 3.5 degrees F every 1000 feet)-Climates above 12,000 ft. become Artic like
areas
Let’s analyze the map on page 56…Questions for thought - 1 - what climates would you find at 2,500 ft.
elevation? At 15,000 ft.? 22 - what latitude and altitude would you find a
desert climate?3 - Explain how climate zones change as latitude
gets higher
Changes in ClimateChanges in ClimateWhy does the climate change?Is it all because of global warming?Is it all because of human activity?Is it fair to blame one reason?Is some climate change good or
benefitial?
Scientists = some human, some natural
Why does the climate change?Is it all because of global warming?Is it all because of human activity?Is it fair to blame one reason?Is some climate change good or
benefitial?
Scientists = some human, some natural
EL NINO (sounds like el nin-yo)EL NINO (sounds like el nin-yo)
Every 2 to 7 years easterly winds over Pacific Ocean SLOW or REVERSE, changing ocean temperature, affecting weather worldwide
EL nino brings warm water and heavy rains to Americas, drought-like conditions to Australia and Asia
When the reverse occurs we have La NINA (sounds like nin-ya)
Every 2 to 7 years easterly winds over Pacific Ocean SLOW or REVERSE, changing ocean temperature, affecting weather worldwide
EL nino brings warm water and heavy rains to Americas, drought-like conditions to Australia and Asia
When the reverse occurs we have La NINA (sounds like nin-ya)
GLOBAL WARMINGGLOBAL WARMINGControversy exists!Scientists have agreed that air temperatures
have increased by one degree since late 1800s.
Some predictions suggest the increase will be 3.5 degrees within the next century
In part due to earth’s natural warming and cooling cycles
In part due to human activity: greenhouse effect - layer of gases trapped in atmosphere causing higher temperatures
Greenhouse effect caused by petroleum, burning coal
Controversy exists!Scientists have agreed that air temperatures
have increased by one degree since late 1800s.
Some predictions suggest the increase will be 3.5 degrees within the next century
In part due to earth’s natural warming and cooling cycles
In part due to human activity: greenhouse effect - layer of gases trapped in atmosphere causing higher temperatures
Greenhouse effect caused by petroleum, burning coal
HomeworkHomework
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