geo - data entry forms - sobek · 2019. 10. 25. · figure 1-16 - unit conversion window 1-10...

Data Entry Forms Version 8.095

Data Entry Forms – Version 8.095 User Guide Warning: The data entry forms and this manual are protected by copyright laws and by international conventions. Any reproduction or distribution of the program or its manuel, partially or totally, by any means, is strictly forbidden, unless a written permission is given by SOBEK TECHNOLOGIES INC. Any person who does not respect these rules is guilty of a misdemeanour of infringement and is punishable by law. Published by: SOBEK TECHNOLOGIES INC. 4205 Northcliffe Montreal (Quebec) H4A 3L2 Phone : 514 285-4873 Email : [email protected] The information in this manuel can be modified without notice and would not be binding to SOBEK TECHNOLOGIES INC. This version of the documentation was updated in August 2019 with version 8.095 of Geotec. TRADEMARKS: In this guide, we refer to these registered products: Access is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation Oracle Forms is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation SQL Server is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation

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______________________________________________________________________

LIST OF FIGURES v

LIST OF TABLES vii

Chapter 1. Generalities of the Entry Forms 1-1

1. Launching the forms 1-1

2. Selection window 1-1

3. Specific forms 1-3 3.1. Generalities of the forms 1-4

3.1.1. Key fields 1-4 3.1.2. Date fields 1-5 3.1.3. Tooltips 1-5 3.1.4. Field properties 1-5 3.1.5. Lists of values 1-5 3.1.6. Editing long values 1-6

3.2. Action menu 1-6 3.3. Display menu 1-7

3.3.1. Language of lists 1-7 3.3.2. Display formats 1-8 3.3.3. Data conversions 1-9 3.3.4. Codes 1-10

3.4. Edit menu 1-10 3.5. Query menu 1-11 3.6. Record menu 1-11 3.7. Field menu 1-13 3.8. Window menu 1-13 3.9. Help menu 1-13

4. Support of special fonts and attributes 1-13

Chapter 2. Description of the Entry Forms 2-1

1. ABSORPTION 2-1

2. AXIS 2-1 2.1. AXIS_PI 2-3 2.2. AXIS_STRATA 2-4 2.3. AXIS_PROFILE 2-4

3. BORING 2-5

4. BORING_TYPE 2-11

5. CASING 2-12

6. CLIENT 2-13

7. COBBLE 2-13

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8. COBRA 2-14 8.1. COBRA_POINT 2-15

9. CONCENTRATION 2-16

10. CONSOLIDATION 2-17 10.1. CONSOLIDATION_POINT 2-19

11. CONTAMINANT 2-20

12. CONTRACT 2-21

13. CPT 2-22 13.1. CPT_POINT 2-22

14. CPTU 2-23 14.1. CPTU_POINT 2-26 14.2. CPTU_ZONE 2-28 14.3. CPTU_SISMIC 2-29

15. DENSITY 2-29

16. DPT 2-30 16.1. DPT_POINT 2-31

17. EQUIVALENCE 2-31

18. FALL_CONE 2-32

19. GEOCAMERA 2-33

20. GRAIN_SIZE 2-33 20.1. GRAIN_SIZE_POINT 2-36

21. GROUND 2-37

22. GS_SOIL 2-38

23. LIM 2-39 23.1. LIM_POINT 2-39

24. LIMITS 2-40

25. LIST_ENG and LIST_FRE 2-41

26. LUGEON 2-43

27. MATERIAL 2-43

28. MISC_CODE 2-44

29. MUNICIPALITY 2-44

30. OBSERVATION 2-45

31. PERMEABILITY 2-46

32. PETROGRAPHY 2-47

33. PIEZOMETER 2-47 33.1. PIEZOMETRIC_LEVEL 2-50 33.2. PIEZOMETER_SEAL 2-51

34. POINT_LOAD 2-52

35. PRESSIOMETER 2-53

36. PROCTOR 2-54 36.1. PROCTOR_POINT 2-55

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37. PROJECT 2-56

38. PROPERTY_VALUE 2-57

39. REGION 2-58

40. ROCK_JOINT 2-59

41. RUN 2-61

42. SAMPLE 2-65

43. SAMPLER 2-69

44. SEL 2-69 44.1. SEL_SITE 2-70 44.2. SEL_AXIS 2-70 44.3. SEL_BORING 2-71 44.4. SEL_SAMPLE 2-71 44.5. SEL_PIEZO 2-71

45. Selection matrix 2-71 45.1. Duplicate previous 2-71 45.2. Selection of materials 2-71

45.2.1. Fill 2-71 45.2.2. Scrolling list of materials 2-71 45.2.3. Simplified classification 2-71 45.2.4. Presence 2-72 45.2.5. Code and proportion 2-72

45.3. Color 2-73 45.4. Compaction or consistency 2-73 45.5. Moisture 2-73 45.6. Description 2-73

46. SHEAR 2-73

47. SITE 2-75

48. Specifications 2-78

49. STRATI_CODE 2-79

50. STRATIGRAPHY 2-79

51. TRENCH 2-82

52. TRIAXIAL 2-84

53. TUNNEL 2-85 53.1. TUN_SECTION 2-85 53.2. TUN_EXCAVATION 2-86 53.3. TUN_RETAINING 2-87 53.4. TUN_PERFORMANCE 2-87 53.5. TUN_LITHOLOGY 2-88 53.6. TUN_GEOSTRUCTURE 2-88 53.7. TUN_HYDROGEOLOGY 2-89 53.8. TUN_CLASSIFICATION 2-89

54. UCS 2-90

55. VANE 2-91 55.1. VANE_POINT 2-92

56. Data administrator 2-93 56.1. REPORT 2-93

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56.1.1. REPORT_COL 2-94 56.2. QUERY_NAME 2-95 56.3. QUERY_CONDITION 2-95 56.4. TEXT_ITEM 2-95 56.5. TEXT_MSG 2-95 56.6. SYS_NAME 2-96 56.7. SYS_USER 2-96

Chapter 3. Interpretation of the CPTu Test 3-1

Chapter 4. Importation of .DRF Files of CPTu Data 4-1

1. Converting an Excel file to .drf 4-1

2. Importing a .drf file 4-2 2.1. Units of DEPTH, QT or QC, FS and U2 data 4-3 2.2. Automatic updates done in the database during the import 4-3

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LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1-1 - Soil description 1-1

Figure 1-2 - Rock description 1-2

Figure 1-3 - In situ tests 1-2

Figure 1-4 - Lab tests 1-2

Figure 1-5 - General 1-3

Figure 1-6 - Absorption entry form 1-3

Figure 1-7 - Grain size entry form 1-4

Figure 1-8 - Menu bar and toolbar for the specific forms 1-4

Figure 1-9 - Date editing window 1-5

Figure 1-10 - Action menu 1-7

Figure 1-11 - Display menu 1-7

Figure 1-12 - Absorption entry form in Datasheet format 1-8

Figure 1-13 - Absorption entry form in Columnar format 1-8

Figure 1-14 - Absorption entry form in Datasheet + format 1-9

Figure 1-15 - Absorption entry form in Columnar + format 1-9

Figure 1-16 - Unit conversion window 1-10

Figure 1-17 - Edit menu 1-11

Figure 1-18 - Query menu 1-11

Figure 1-19 - Record menu 1-12

Figure 1-20 - Field menu 1-13

Figure 2-1 - ABSORPTION: Water pressure tests 2-1

Figure 2-2 - AXIS and AXIS_PI: Definition of the axes or cross-sections 2-2

Figure 2-3 - AXIS_STRATA: Definition of the strata 2-4

Figure 2-4 - AXIS_PROFILE: Definition of the profiles along the axes 2-4

Figure 2-5 - BORING: Boring identification 2-7

Figure 2-6 - BORING: Location of the boring 2-8

Figure 2-7 - BORING: Equipment information 2-9

Figure 2-8 - BORING: Hydrogeology information 2-10

Figure 2-9 - BORING: Management information 2-10

Figure 2-10 - BORING_TYPE: Definition of the types of borings and axes 2-12

Figure 2-11 - CASING: Description of the casings in a boring 2-12

Figure 2-12 - CLIENT: Client definition 2-13

Figure 2-13 - COBBLE: Percentages of cobbles and boulders 2-14

Figure 2-14 - COBRA and COBRA_POINT: Definition of a cobra test 2-15

Figure 2-15 - CONCENTRATION: Contaminant concentrations 2-16

Figure 2-16 - CONSOLIDATION and CONSOLIDATION_POINT: Consolidation tests 2-18

Figure 2-17 - CONTAMINANT: Definition of contaminants 2-20

Figure 2-18 - CONTRACT: Definition of contracts 2-21

Figure 2-19 - CPT and CPT_POINT: Static penetration tests 2-22

Figure 2-20 - CPTU and CPTU_POINT: Piezocone penetration tests 2-24

Figure 2-21 - CPTU: Definition of the equipment used 2-25

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Figure 2-22 - CPTU: Definition of the calculation parameters 2-26

Figure 2-23 - DENSITY: Density measurement 2-29

Figure 2-24 - DPT and DPT_POINT: Dynamic penetration tests 2-30

Figure 2-25 - EQUIVALENCE: Definition of equivalences to certain values 2-31

Figure 2-26 - FALL_CONE: Shear strength measured with the Swedish fall cone 2-32

Figure 2-27 - GEOCAMERA: Description of geocamera images 2-33

Figure 2-28 - GRAIN_SIZE and GRAIN_SIZE_POINT: Grain size analyses 2-35

Figure 2-29 - GROUND: Description of the ground around a boring 2-38

Figure 2-30 - GS_SOIL: Specific gravity of the solid grains 2-39

Figure 2-31 - LIM: Definition of the polygonal limits 2-40

Figure 2-32 - LIMITS: Atterberg limits measurements 2-41

Figure 2-33 - LIST_ENG: Definition of lists of values 2-42

Figure 2-34 - LUGEON: Lugeon test for permeability 2-43

Figure 2-35 - MATERIAL: Definition of materials 2-44

Figure 2-36 - MUNICIPALITY: Definition of municipalities 2-45

Figure 2-37 - OBSERVATION: Description of field observations 2-46

Figure 2-38 - PERMEABILITY: Permeability tests 2-46

Figure 2-39 - PETROGRAPHY: Description of the petrography 2-47

Figure 2-40 - PIEZOMETER and PIEZOMETRIC_LEVEL: Definition of open tube piezometers 2-49

Figure 2-41 - PIEZOMETER: Definition of electric piezometers 2-50

Figure 2-42 - PIEZOMETER: Definition of pneumatic piezometers 2-50

Figure 2-43 - PIEZOMETER_SEAL: Definition of the stratigraphy of seals 2-52

Figure 2-44 - POINT_LOAD: Rock compressive strength test 2-53

Figure 2-45 - PRESSIOMETER: Measurements with the pressiometer 2-54

Figure 2-46 - PROCTOR and PROCTOR_POINT: Proctor compaction tests 2-55

Figure 2-47 - PROJECT: Definition of projects 2-56

Figure 2-48 - PROPERTY_VALUE: Definition of general properties 2-57

Figure 2-49 - REGION: Definition of regions 2-59

Figure 2-50 - ROCK_JOINT: Identification of the rock joints or major structures 2-60

Figure 2-51 - ROCK_JOINT: Characteristics of the rock joints 2-61

Figure 2-52 - RUN: Identification of the runs 2-62

Figure 2-53 - RUN: Rock classification 2-63

Figure 2-54 - SAMPLE: Description of samples 2-66

Figure 2-55 - SAMPLE: Properties of samples 2-68

Figure 2-56 - SAMPLE: Management information 2-69

Figure 2-57 - SEL: Definition of groups of records 2-70

Figure 2-58 - Selection matrix: Soil description 2-72

Figure 2-59 - SHEAR: Shear strength tests 2-74

Figure 2-60 - SHEAR: Results of shear strength tests 2-74

Figure 2-61 - SITE: Site identification 2-76

Figure 2-62 - SITE: Site location 2-77

Figure 2-63 - SITE: Management information 2-77

Figure 2-64 - Specifications window 2-78

Figure 2-65 - STRATIGRAPHY: Description of the layers 2-80

Figure 2-66 - TRENCH: Definition of the test pits and exploration trenches 2-83

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Figure 2-67 - TRIAXIAL: Interpretation of groups of shear strength tests 2-84

Figure 2-68 - TUNNEL: Monitoring during tunnel construction 2-85

Figure 2-69 - UCS: Unconfined compressive strength test 2-91

Figure 2-70 - VANE and VANE_POINT: Vane test 2-92

Figure 2-71 - REPORT and REPORT_COL: Configuration of forms and reports 2-94

LIST OF TABLES

Table 2-1 - Types of borings in the lists of Geotec 2-6

Table 2-2 - Rock quality classes (RMR) 2-64

Table 2-3 - Rock quality classes (Q) 2-64

Table 2-4 - Types of samplers in the lists of Geotec 2-66

Table 2-5 - Unified classification 2-80

Generalities of the Entry Forms 1-1

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CHAPTER 1. GENERALITIES OF THE ENTRY FORMS

The entry forms are used for the data entry, modification and deletion in the database. The forms are used directly in the Geotec modules to view the modifications.

1. LAUNCHING THE FORMS

To open the entry forms, click on the Selection button located in the top toolbar in each module. You can also go through the Data menu, Entry… option, Selection Window….

2. SELECTION WINDOW

The selection window is shown in figure 1-1. The filter with its four fields is used to select a site from the database; then an axis or boring belonging to the site; then a sample from the selected boring, if desired. The buttons next to the lists open the forms to define the site, axis, boring and sample. Each button in the tabs opens the specific form designated by its label.

Figure 1-1 - Soil description The Soil description tab presents the soil description forms: Cobbles, Stratigraphy, Piezometer, Ground, Trench / Test pit, Casings and Field observations. The Rock description tab presents the rock description forms: Point load test, Runs, Geocamera, Rock joints, Stratigraphy, Petrography, UCS and Field observations, as illustrated in figure 1-2.

1-2 Generalities of the Entry Forms

2019-09-27 Selection window

Figure 1-2 - Rock description The In situ tests tab includes Absorption, Cobra, Dynamic test, Static cone, Lugeon, Permeability, Piezocone, Pressiometer, Vane test, Property values and Concentrations, as

illustrated in figure 1-3.

Figure 1-3 - In situ tests The Lab tests tab (figure 1-4) includes Shear strength, Swedish cone, Consolidation, Specific gravity, Grain size, Limits, Density, Proctor, Property values and Concentrations.

Figure 1-4 - Lab tests The General tab (figure 1-5) includes all the general data that are not necessarily related to a site or boring, including administration data and definitions of codes and lists. The buttons for the Oracle forms are obsolete and are present only for users with previous versions of the entry forms.

When a query is done and data are in memory, the name of each table containing data related to the query is displayed in red, to ease the management.


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Figure 1-5 - General

3. SPECIFIC FORMS

By clicking on one of the buttons in the selection window, the specific definition form is displayed. If data were already retrieved, the current data are displayed and the window title shows Status: saved. If no data were retrieved, the form is opened with the title Status: new, ready for data insertion. The Absorption and Grain size forms are described as examples.

Figure 1-6 - Absorption entry form Figure 1-6 shows the form for the absorption test. This single form is linked to a single table in the database, the ABSORPTION table. The title of the form shows that 4 records were retrieved, and the data from the 3rd are displayed. The Site and Boring fields are required, and contain the current site and boring numbers. As described in paragraph 6.2.1 of chapter 6 of the X3D guide, the required fields can be defined with a different background and text color. In figure 1-6, the test number and the depths are also required. Figure 1-7 shows the grain size definition form. This dual form is linked to a main table (GRAIN_SIZE) and to a secondary table (GRAIN_SIZE_POINT) containing the readings for each diameter. The title of the form shows that the focus is in the secondary table, which has 14 records belonging to the current sample, the 4th being selected. The Site, Boring and Sample fields above the tabs are required. When inserting data, the site must first be entered, followed by the boring and the sample.


2019-09-27 Specific forms

Figure 1-7 - Grain size entry form

3.1. Generalities of the forms

Each specific entry form has a toolbar. When a form is opened, the menus at the top of the window in the current module are modified. The menu bar and toolbar are shown in Figure 1-8; each menu is detailed in paragraphs 3.2 to 3.8.

Figure 1-8 - Menu bar and toolbar for the specific forms 3.1.1. Key fields

All text fields that are part of a primary key - those that define each record as unique - can only contain numbers 0 to 9, letters A to Z, parentheses ( ), point ., dash - or underscore _. Accents and other characters cannot be used.



3.1.2. Date fields

All the dates are expressed with the yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss format in the entry forms. During their entry or modification, the user does not have to provide hours, minutes or seconds. If the user doesn’t provide any, when leaving the field, “00” replaces the hours, minutes or seconds not provided. It is possible to execute queries for dates. Use < or > to find records with dates previous or after a certain date, and % as a replacement character for many numbers. By double-clicking in a field date, the date editing window is displayed, as shown in figure 1-9.

Figure 1-9 - Date editing window

3.1.3. Tooltips

By placing the mouse cursor over a field in the Tab format, a tooltip explaining the field is displayed. This message often gives the unit recommended for the field. In other formats, the pointer must be placed on the title of the columns (Datasheet(+)) or rows (Columnar(+)) to display the tooltip. 3.1.4. Field properties

By placing the mouse cursor in a field and pressing the F1 key, a tooltip with the field’s properties is displayed and includes the field name, its type, its length and if it is required. 3.1.5. Lists of values

In a great number of fields, a list of values is available. It can be displayed with the [F9] key, or by clicking on the button displayed at the right end of each field. Lists are not available for numerical fields.



The lists show records from the LIST_ENG or LIST_FRE tables for the corresponding table and field (whether the lists are used in English or French - see paragraph 3.3.1). These values are displayed in imposed then alphabetical order (see paragraph 25 of chapter 2). After, all values entered for the field in the database are listed, in blue, and can be shown or hidden using the gray item. In the scrolling list, the 2nd column shows the descriptions of the values defined in the tables of lists. The description can be selected by clicking in the right column, except if the field has fewer characters available than the description; in which case the value is selected automatically. When the dot (.) is used as value, the description is automatically selected. The user can add, modify or delete records directly in the LIST_ENG and LIST_FRE tables. Also, the Add value option present as the first item of the lists is used to add values for the current field in the LIST_ENG or LIST_FRE table (depending on the language - see paragraph 3.3.1). A dialog box is displayed to enter a value, description, imposed order, color and pattern. By touching OK, the record is added to the list of values and the value is entered in the field. In the Default tab of the preferences window, it is possible to define a maximum field length above which lists are not displayed. See chapter 6 of the X3D guide. In query mode, the lists show all values entered in the records for the current field, as well as the item “is NULL” to retrieve all records with no value in the current field. 3.1.6. Editing long values

All the “character”-type fields can be edited in a text editing window. The line breaks in this window correspond to the “|” character in the forms. To open text editing, double-click in the field, use the [Ctrl]+[E] keys or select the Edit option in the Field menu (see paragraph 3.7).

3.2. Action menu

The Action menu is shown in figure 1-10. The Save option, this button or the [F10] key are used to save any data entry or modification. When the data are not yet saved in the database, the window title shows “Status: new” until the data are saved, or “Status: modified” if a modification is done on data retrieved from the database. When the record is saved, “Status: saved” is indicated.

The Calculate option is used to calculate results in some forms, such as the piezocone form. The option is inactive when there are no results to calculate. The Calculate option is described in chapter 2 at the paragraphs of the entry forms implied.

The Always Refresh option can be selected, or this button pressed, to refresh the data display as soon as the user navigates to another record in the graphic module. If this option is not checked, the user can navigate to other records without seeing the graphic changes. The Refresh option is used when the Always Refresh option is inactive. The user can navigate between records, and refresh the graphic display for a specific record. The [F5] key has the same role.



The Report… option opens the forms configuration window. This button has the same role. This button is also found in the application toolbar. The option is described chapter 7 of the X3D guide.

Figure 1-10 - Action menu

The Import File… option opens the window to import external data for the current table. This button has the same role. The option is described in chapter 7 of the X3D guide. The Export File… option is used to export a csv report of the data in the current table. This button has the same role. The option is described in chapter 7 of the X3D guide.

The Close option or this button closes the current entry form.

3.3. Display menu

The Display menu is shown in figure 1-11.

Figure 1-11 - Display menu

3.3.1. Language of lists

The default language for the lists is the one used for the software (menu Tools, Language). In English, the values of the table LIST_ENG are displayed, and in French, it is those of the table LIST_FRE. The user can select the other language in the Display menu, for its lists of values. The selected language will be the one for the scrolling lists in all entry forms until a change by the user.



3.3.2. Display formats

The forms can be displayed in 5 different formats; the current format is checked in the Display menu. The Tab format is shown in figure 1-6. The forms in Tab format often have several tabs to separate the types of data.

Figure 1-12 - Absorption entry form in Datasheet format The Datasheet format is shown in figure 1-12. Each record is a row of the table, and each field is a column. The columns can be resized or moved by placing the cursor in the header, either

between the columns to change their size (the cursor becomes ) or on a specific column to

move it (the cursor becomes ). The columns can also be hidden by dragging the column header outside the entry form.

Figure 1-13 - Absorption entry form in Columnar format The Columnar format is shown in figure 1-13. Each record is a column of the table, and each field is a row. The rows can be moved (same way as in the Datasheet format). The lists of

values are available by placing the cursor at the right end of a field (the cursor becomes ) and clicking.

The Datasheet+ and Columnar+ formats mean that the primary keys are located at the top of the form, not in each record. The Datasheet + and Columnar + formats are used mainly to modify hierarchical structures when the user wants to change the parent record. They are not



recommended for inserting data. These formats can be useful to see records with no “children” records for a given table.

Figure 1-14 - Absorption entry form in Datasheet + format

Figure 1-15 - Absorption entry form in Columnar + format

3.3.3. Data conversions

In every form containing fields used to enter depths and/or lengths, it is possible to define a type of conversion for the depths and/or lengths units, by selecting the Conversions… option of the Display menu, shown in figure 1-16. The selection of a conversion type is only for the current entry form, and applies only to the depths and lengths entered or modified after the selection is done. The last conversion type selected for an entry form is selected by default when the form is reopened.



Figure 1-16 - Unit conversion window The conversion types for the lengths are:

• none the value entered or modified stays as is;

• ft > m the value entered or modified is interpreted as a value in feet to convert to meters by multiplying it by 0.3048;

• in > m the value entered or modified is interpreted as a value in inches to convert to meters by dividing it by 12 and by multiplying it by 0.3048;

• in > ft the value entered or modified is interpreted as a value in inches to convert to feet by dividing it by 12.

The conversion types for the depths are:

• none the value entered or modified stays as is;

• ft > m the value entered or modified is interpreted as a value in feet to convert to meters by multiplying it by 0.3048.

Several tooltips associated to fields of length or depth mention the recommended unit, such as (m) for example. These are suggestions to which the user is not required to follow. The DBM module for database management offers a procedure for global conversion of the unit system for the lengths and depths (imperial system to metric system or vice versa). See the guide of DBM for more details. 3.3.4. Codes

The Codes option opens the LIST_ENG or LIST_FRE table, depending on the language of lists (see paragraph 3.3.1), with the existing choices of values for the current table.

3.4. Edit menu

The Edit menu is shown in figure 1-17. Currently, the Undo option is never active.



The Cut, Copy and Delete options of the Edit menu are only available is a value is selected. If the cursor is in an entry field, the Paste option is available if a value has already been cut or copied, but not necessarily in the same window.

Figure 1-17 - Edit menu

It is also possible to use the shortcuts [Ctrl]+[X] (cut), [Ctrl]+[C] (copy), [Ctrl]+[V] (paste) and

[Delete] (delete) or the buttons in the toolbar of the entry form.

3.5. Query menu

The Query menu is shown in figure 1-18. It is used to execute queries in the connected database. More details are available in chapter 7 of the X3D guide. The Enter option (or this button) is used to activate the query mode, which is visible by the title and blue background of the entry form. The [F7] key has the same role. The Last option activates the query mode and enters the last query done in the entry form. Using the [F7] key a 2nd time is equivalent. The Execute option executes the query entered by the user. This button and the [F8] key have the same role. After executing a query, the background color returns to normal.

Figure 1-18 - Query menu The Cancel button cancels the query and returns the entry form to normal mode. This button and the [Ctrl]+[Q] keys have the same role. Finally, the View SQL option is used to view the SQL statement for the current query in an X3D text editing window.

3.6. Record menu

The Record menu is shown in figure 1-19. The first five options correspond to the

buttons in the entry forms. The user can directly go to the first ([Home]) or



last ([End]) record; he can navigate to the previous or next record, or call a specific record number by entering it in the box that is displayed. These five options are also available in the Record sub-menu of the Data menu, when no entry form is opened. When the user uses the arrow buttons in Tab format to change records, the modified data are automatically saved in the database. If the user wants to cancel his changes, he will use the

button and click No when asked to save. It is also possible to always confirm before saving, by checking the corresponding button in the Preference editing window. In a graphic module, if the Always Refresh option is active in the entry form (see paragraph 3.2), navigating between records will change the data shown in the entry form as well as the graphic page displaying the data. The Insert option is used to insert a new empty record after the current records. The title of the entry form then displays Status: new. If no data is saved and the user wants to cancel the insertion, he can click on previous and the new record will not be saved. To insert, the user can also use this button, the [F6] key or the [Insert] key. For some entry forms, data are entered directly when insert a new record for more convenience for the user, such as the primary keys (site number, boring number). These data can be modified. The Delete option is used to delete the current record. This button has the same role, as well as the [Shift]+[F6] keys or the [Delete] key. Note that if a record has not yet been saved in the database, it cannot be deleted. Also note that if data have dependencies, they cannot be deleted in the entry forms. To delete data in cascade, refer to the DBM module.

Figure 1-19 - Record menu The Duplicate option or this button is used to copy the current record and insert it right after. The [F6]+[F4] keys have the same role. The Copy Previous option is used to copy the previous record, if a new empty record has been created. The [F4] key has the same role. All these options are applicable in the current form. If a secondary table is active (with the cursor) like the table (GRAIN_SIZE_POINT) in the grain size form (figure 1-7), the options have an effect on the rows (records).


Support of special fonts and attributes 2019-09-27

3.7. Field menu

The Field menu is shown in figure 1-20. The Previous option and the [Shift]+[Tab] keys bring the cursor to the previous field in the current entry form. The Next option and the [Tab] key bring the cursor to the next element, a field, tab or button. To select a tab or button, use the spacebar. The [Enter] key brings the cursor to the next field. These keys are also functional in Query mode.

Figure 1-20 - Field menu The Erase option (or the [Delete] key) is used to delete the content, if selected, of the field in which the cursor is located. The Duplicate option or the [F3] key is used to copy in the current field (where the cursor is located) the value of the same field but from the previous record. The List option is used to display the list for the current field if a list is available (there would be a down arrow at the right side of the field). The [F9] key has the same role. Paragraph 3.1.5 presents the lists in details. The Edit option opens the text editing window for the current field. The user can also double-click in the field or use the [Ctrl]+[E] keys to open the editing field. Paragraph 3.1.6 presents the text editing in details.

3.8. Window menu

The Window menu has the same role as in the menu bar in normal mode.

3.9. Help menu

The About option opens a window with information about the module and licence.

The Keyboard Shortcuts option or this button opens a window with the description of the keyboard shortcuts that can be used in the entry forms for various types of functions: Action, Query, Record, Field, Table and Help.

4. SUPPORT OF SPECIAL FONTS AND ATTRIBUTES

It is possible to use special fonts and/or attributes in a chain of characters. The format can be used for any value in the entry forms. The format to use is: [text to modify]"font/biu+-" where:


2019-09-27 Support of special fonts and attributes

b : bold i : italic u : underlined + : superscript - : subscript

Here are some examples for using this format:

• [FILL]"/bi"|Gravel with pieces of concrete. This description shows: FILL Gravel with pieces of concrete.

• [s]"symbol"’[p]"/-" This chain shows: σ’p

Description of the Entry Forms 2-1

ABSORPTION 2019-09-27 l:\english\geotec\geo\809\geo_c02_eng.doc

CHAPTER 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENTRY FORMS

1. ABSORPTION

This form is used to input the test results for water absorption of the rock measured between two depths; information from the ABSORPTION table. This form is part of the tab In situ tests in the selection window.

Figure 2-1 - ABSORPTION: Water pressure tests The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring, Test and Depth of top plug.

• Site and Boring contain the site and boring numbers that identify the boring where the absorption measurements were taken.

• Test contains the test number, with up to 20 characters.

• Depths of the top and bottom plugs contain the depths of the top and bottom packers for the test; the suggested unit is the meter. Both depths are required.

• The absorption measured is entered; the suggested unit is L/min/m.

• The maximum pressure used during the test is entered; in kPa.

• The permeability measured by the absorption test is entered; in m/s.

• Remark contains a string of 255 characters to describe the test.

• Category is used to categorize the test, with 20 characters.

• Transfer is used to classify records to facilitate their management, with 1 character.

2. AXIS

This form is used to define the axes or cross-sections; information contained in the AXIS table. This form is in the filter of the selection window. The AXIS table has 3 secondary tables: AXIS_PI, AXIS_STRATA and AXIS_PROFILE. The documentation about the Tunnel entry form, based on the Axis concept, is found at paragraph 53.

2-2 Description of the Entry Forms

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The Points< button is only active with the Site module. It is used to define the axis points directly with the mouse. See the guide of the Site module for more details. The key for the records consists of the fields Site and Axis.

• Site contains the site number to which the axis belongs.

• Axis is a string of 20 characters

Figure 2-2 - AXIS and AXIS_PI: Definition of the axes or cross-sections In the Identification tab…

• The axis or tunnel type is a 3-character code.

• State is a 1-character field indicating if the axis implementation is Planned, Realized or Validated.

• Chainage contains the chainage of the first point; the suggested unit is the meter. The chainage is double precision with 3 decimals.

• Range contains the distance beyond which the borings will not be projected on the profile views in the Pro module.

If no distance is entered, Pro will use the distance defined in the options window of Pro. If a distance is saved in the database, it prevails on the preference defined in Pro.

• Spacing is used to enter the normal spacing between the geophones measuring the seismic velocities; the suggested unit is the meter.

The Pro module takes this distance into account in the display of profiles. If the distance between two measurements in the AXIS_PROFILE table is greater than the spacing, the profile will not be drawn between these measurements.

If an axis is deleted, its survey points, strata materials and seismic lines are also deleted.


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• Location is a string of 80 characters to describe the axis location.

• The phase is a 20-character field with the choice of Preliminary, Final or Revision.

• Description contains a string of 255 characters to describe the axis.

• Remark contains a string of 255 characters to add information about the axis.

• System is used to indicate the coordinate system (UTM or MTM) and NAD indicates the NAD projection system (NAD27 or NAD83).

In the Management tab…

• The fields Carried out by, Verified by, Approved by and Contractor take 40-character strings. Each of these fields has a list showing the values already entered in the AXIS table.

• The fields Survey date, Verification date and Approval date are entered with the “yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss” format.

• The contract number associated with the axis is entered. The list of contracts defined in the CONTRACT table is available. The field has 20 characters.


2.1. AXIS_PI

The AXIS_PI table is a secondary table to the AXIS table, and its data are available in the table at the bottom of the axis form, by clicking on Survey points (see figure 2-2). This table is used to define the turning points of the axes. The control points of an axis can be the end points of the axis, the break points of the axis if it’s a broken line, and/or the intersection points (PI) to the tangents at the extremities of the curved sections. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Axis and Index (I).

• Site and Axis contain the site and axis numbers.

• Index (I) contains the order number of the control points. It is an integer.

• The X and Y coordinates for each point are then provided; the suggested unit is the meter. The numbers are double precision with 3 decimals. Values are required.

• The radius (R) of curvature at the axis point is “0” if the axis is a broken line, and greater than 0 if the point is a turning point. The direction of curvature is defined by the position of the control points around the current point.

• Tag is used to enter the identification of the point, or tag, with up to 20 characters. The tags mostly characterize the turning points of a surveyed line or a seismic line.

• A plan number contains the number of the reference plan containing the information. This number has up to 40 characters.



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2.2. AXIS_STRATA

The AXIS_STRATA table is a secondary table to the AXIS table, and its data are available in the table at the bottom of the axis form, by clicking on Material for the strata. This table is used to define the strata in the soil.

Figure 2-3 - AXIS_STRATA: Definition of the strata The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Axis and Material.


• Material contains the material type for the stratum. The list contains all the materials of “Strata” type defined in the MATERIAL table for the SPEC site.

o For tunnels, we represent the raft axis in space. The material must be RAFT (or RADIER).

• Velocity contains the average seismic velocity for the type of material defined. The suggested unit is m/s.

2.3. AXIS_PROFILE

The AXIS_PROFILE table is a secondary table to the AXIS table, and its data are available in the table at the bottom of the axis form, by clicking on Seismic lines. This table is used to define the profile of a stratigraphic layer along a given axis and to enter the measured seismic velocities. For tunnels, the AXIS_PROFILE table is used to locate the raft axis in elevation. The start and end points and the points of slope change are defined with their chainage D and elevation Z.

Figure 2-4 - AXIS_PROFILE: Definition of the profiles along the axes The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Axis, Material and Distance (D).


• Material contains the material type for the stratum on which the profile is done. The list shows the materials entered in AXIS_STRATA for the same site and axis.


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In the Pro and Site modules, for the profiles in the 3D view and the profile view, the color used is the one associated to the material of code S defined in the MATERIAL table for the SPEC site.

• The distance (D) contains the chainage of the profile point. The chainage is double precision with 3 decimals.

• The elevation (Z) for each profile point is then entered; the suggested unit is the meter. A value is required.

• The X and Y coordinates for each profile point are then provided. The suggested unit is the meter.

• Velocity contains the seismic velocity measured at each point for the layer represented by the type of material. The suggested unit is m/s.


3. BORING

This form is used to identify and describe the borings; information contained in the BORING table. This form is in the filter of the selection window. The Borings< button is only active with the Site module. It is used to define the location of the planned borings directly with the mouse. See the guide of the Site module for more details. The key for the records consists of the fields Site and Boring.

• Site identifies the site where the boring is located.

• Boring contains the boring number; a 20-character string.

With the Lab module, combinations of grain size analyses can be calculated. The resulting curve belongs to a boring named “xx-CMB-yy”. It is recommended to keep the abbreviation CMB for grain size combinations, and therefore not to use CMB in your boring numbers. See chapter 2 of the Lab documentation for all the details.

The scrolling lists at the bottom of the form display the list of descriptive tables and the list of in-situ tests for the current boring. The user can click on one of these tables which will open on the values already entered for the current boring, or in “new” mode. The list labelled “description” includes:

• CASING – see paragraph 5

• COBBLE – see paragraph 7

• GROUND – see paragraph 21

• OBSERVATION - see paragraph 30

• PIEZOMETER – see paragraph 33

• ROCK_JOINT – see paragraph 40

• RUN – see paragraph 41

• SAMPLE – see paragraph 42

• STRATIGRAPHY – see paragraph 50

• TRENCH – see paragraph 51

You cannot delete a boring if other records in the database refer to it.


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The list labelled “in situ tests” includes:

• ABSORPTION – see paragraph 1

• COBRA – see paragraph 8

• CONCENTRATION – see paragraph 9

• CPT – see paragraph 13

• CPTU – see paragraph 14

• DPT – see paragraph 16

• LUGEON – see paragraph 26

• PERMEABILITY – see paragraph 30

• PRESSIOMETER – see paragraph 35

• PROPERTY_VALUE – see paragraph 38

• VANE – see paragraph 55 In the Identification tab…

• The boring type is a 2-character code to indicate the nature of the boring. The codes in the LIST_ENG and LIST_FRE tables of the Geotec database are listed below. If the type is present in the list table, the description of the code is displayed in the field right of the type field.

Table 2-1 - Types of borings in the lists of Geotec

Code Description Code Description

AS Auger sampler hole TA Tarière

AT Air track FP Forage à percussion

BH Borehole TF Forage au diamant

CO Cobra CO Cobra

CP Piezocone CP Piézocône

GP Guelph permeameter GP Perméamètre Guelph

HA Hand auger TM Tranchée manuelle

MA Manual sampling MA Échantillonnage manuel

NA Non applicable (dummy) NA Non applicable (bidon)

PT Dynamic penetration test PD Pénétromètre dynamique

PZ Stand alone piezometer PZ Piézomètre hors forage

QC Quality control QC Contrôle qualité

SP Static penetrometer PS Pénétromètre statique

SS Swedish sampler ES Échantillonneur suédois

ST Special test TS Forage spécial

TP Test pit PU Puits d’exploration

TR Trench TR Tranchée d’exploration

VN Vane test SC Scissomètre in situ

WS Water station WS Station d’eau

• State is a 1-character field indicating if the boring is Planned, Realized, Validated or Archived. When a boring is archived, it is not possible to insert, modify or delete any of its data.

• The stop code is used to indicate the reason for stopping, such as on Blocks, at a Determined depth, Forced, on probable Rock, Undetermined and Voluntary.


BORING 2019-09-27

• The reference is a code indicating which elevation is the reference: the Natural Ground (NG) elevation or the drilling floor (FL) elevation.

• The elevation of the ground at the location of the boring is entered; the suggested unit is the meter. If the elevation of the ground is modified, the existing piezometric levels of the boring can be recalculated and replaced in the database, depending on the choice of the user in the message displayed.

• The elevation of the drill floor, for a borehole, is entered; the suggested unit is the meter.

• The total depth of the boring is entered; the suggested unit is the meter.

• The rock depth is entered; the suggested unit is the meter. The ground elevation and the depths are used to represent correctly a boring log or cross-section view.

• The depth of the natural soil is entered; the suggested unit is the meter.

• Remark contains a string of 255 characters to add information about the boring.

Figure 2-5 - BORING: Boring identification

• The start and end dates indicate between which dates the boring was done, with the “yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss” format.

• The project number for the boring is entered. The list of projects defined in the PROJECT table is available. The field has 20 characters. If a project was defined for the site, it is automatically copied in the boring record.

• The contract number associated with the boring is entered. The list of contracts defined in the CONTRACT table is available. The field has 20 characters. If a contract was defined for the site, it is automatically copied in the boring record.

• A parent boring can be associated to the boring. The scrolling list contains all borings from the same site. Data from the boring and its parent can be displayed simultaneously in Log. See the Log guide.


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• The contractor is provided, with 80 characters.

• The dossier number to which the boring refers is entered with up to 40 characters.

• The source is used for a sampling done on backfill and indicates the number of the deposit from which the material is taken; with 20 characters.

• The material indicates the material from the sampling done on backfill; with 20 characters. The list of materials of type “F” entered in the MATERIAL table is available.

In the Location tab…

• The zone where the boring is located is entered. If empty, the zone is automatically copied from the site when a value is entered in easting or northing.

• The easting and northing geographic coordinates of the boring are provided; the suggested unit is the meter.

If the zone, the coordinate and NAD systems are entered in the definition of the site to which the boring belongs, the longitude and latitude are automatically calculated when the user enters the easting and the northing. If a zone number is entered in the boring’s definition, it is considered for the calculation instead of the site’s zone number.

• The longitude and latitude of the boring are inputted, in degrees. These values are necessary to see the borings in the Google Maps tool integrated in the modules.

If the coordinate and NAD systems are entered in the definition of the site to which the boring belongs, the easting, northing and zone are automatically calculated when the user enters the longitude and latitude.

*** With the Calculate button, the longitudes/latitudes or the X and Y coordinates and the zone are calculated for all the borings retrieved by a query. The user must select the data to calculate in the message displayed. ***

Figure 2-6 - BORING: Location of the boring

• The dip (in degrees) is inputted.

• The azimuth (in degrees) is inputted.

• The reference is a string of 40 characters used to indicate the reference type for the boring (for example: geodesic, arbitrary).

• A plan number can be recorded as the main plan number in which the boring is found. The number can have up to 255 characters.

• The location of the boring is described in details, with 80 characters.


BORING 2019-09-27

• The axis number is a 20-character chain. The axes defined in the AXIS table are provided in a list. The Pro module represents the borings with defined coordinates. If a boring definition does not contain coordinates but contains an axis number, a chainage and eventually an offset, Pro will represent this boring along the axis based on the values of chainage and offset.

• The chainage and offset determine the position of the boring relative to the axis. If an axis number is associated to the boring, the chainage and offset will apply for the representation of the boring along the axis, if the easting and northing are not defined for the boring.

According to the geotechnical convention, if a boring is left of the axis line, its offset is negative. To determine the left and right sides of the axis line, look towards the increasing chainage from the axis line.

In the Equipment tab…

• The drill used is entered, with 40 characters.

• The type of hammer used for driving the sampler is entered, with 40 characters.

• The height of the hammer fall is inputted; the suggested unit is the meter.

• The fluid used for drilling is entered, with 40 characters.

• The list of casings is entered, with 40 characters.

• The diameter of the main casing used is entered. The suggested unit is the millimeter.

• The corer used for drilling is entered, with 40 characters.

• The diameter of the corer is entered. The suggested unit is the millimeter.

Figure 2-7 - BORING: Equipment information

• The A/R field is used to indicate if the azimuth is apparent (“A”) or real (“R”).

• The type of compass is indicated with “0” for pivoting, or “1” for gyrating.

In the Hydrogeology tab…

• For the groundwater table (1) and the stabilized water table (2), four information can be inputted:

The water depth; the suggested unit is the meter

The measurement date, with the “yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss” format

The casing depth at the time of measurement (in meters)


2019-09-27 BORING

The stabilization time, in hours

• The date of the piezometers reading is written with the “yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss” format.

• A floating phase observed in the boring can be described with:

Its depth; the suggested unit is the meter

Its measurement date, with the “yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss” format

The type of the floating product

The thickness of the floating phase; the suggested unit is the millimeter.

• Five remarks of 2 characters can be added about the water table measurements.

Figure 2-8 - BORING: Hydrogeology information In the Management tab…

• The fields driller, technician, compiled by, verified by, approved by and project manager take 40-character strings. Each has a list showing the values defined in the tables of lists or the values already entered in the BORING table

Figure 2-9 - BORING: Management information

• The printing date of the boring log has the “yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss” format. The date and time are automatically inserted in the database by Log when the user prints a boring log.

• The modification date of the data has the “yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss” format. It is automatically inserted when any record belonging to the current boring is modified and saved.


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• A style file associated to the boring can be defined, with up to 255 characters. This field is used only if the parameter is selected in the options window of Log. By clicking on the button to the right of the field, the file selection window is opened. Its path can be specified: see paragraph 6.3 of chapter 6 of the X3D guide.

• We can associate a photo to the boring. By clicking on the button to the right of the field, the file selection window is opened. The field has a maximum of 255 characters. The photo can be displayed if an object in the style file is associated to this field. Its path can be specified: see paragraph 6.3 of chapter 6 of the X3D guide.

• A photo description can be recorded, with 255 characters.

• The scale is the number of meters in the field per meter on paper. It will be used by Log in the boring display if the parameter is selected in the options window of Log.

• The precision on the level is used to enter the precision on the elevation reading for the boring, which depends on the acquisition method: GPS, surveying, etc.

• Category is used to categorize the boring, with 20 characters.


In the Validation tab, we have fields added and described by the City of Montreal.

Dummy borings for grain size envelopes (see paragraph 48) The Lab module can display grain size envelopes. Each point of an envelope curve is defined in the GRAIN_SIZE_POINT table and associated to a dummy site named “SPEC”, to a dummy boring identifying the envelope, and to a “MIN” or “MAX” sample depending on the curve. Each dummy boring must be associated to the SPEC site. Its number must be a code representative of the material for which the envelope will be defined (for example, F2A for filter 2A). Its type will be “NA” or « QC » for a boring defined for quality control.

4. BORING_TYPE

The BORING_TYPE table is available in the Datasheet or Columnar formats, by clicking on Types of borings in the General tab of the selection window, under Definition of codes and lists. The table is used to define the types of borings and axes and their costs. Note that in the borings form, the list of types is generated from the LIST_ENG table.

• The fields Language, Type and Description are self-descriptive.

• A style file name can be indicated for a boring type. If a scheduled task for batch printing is programmed with the boring type as parameter, the indicated style file will be used. See paragraph 4.5 of chapter 2 of the X3D documentation.

• Total depth defines the maximum depth for the boring type; the suggested unit is the meter (in $).

• The cost for setup is the initial cost for the installation (in $).

• The cost per meter is then entered.

These costs are used by the Site module to establish the cost of an exploration campaign.


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Figure 2-10 - BORING_TYPE: Definition of the types of borings and axes

5. CASING

This form is used to input the different casings and their driving mode; information contained in the CASING table. This form is part of the tab Soil description in the selection window. The key for the records consists of Site, Boring, Top depth, Bottom depth and Caliber.

Figure 2-11 - CASING: Description of the casings in a boring

• Site and Boring identify the boring.

• The top and bottom depths indicate the depths between which the casing was installed; the suggested unit is the meter.

• Caliber indicates the caliber of the casing used.

• Driving contains a 1-character code indicating the driving mode.

• The description of the selected mode is automatically displayed in the Remark field if the mode was defined in the lists, but can be modified.



CLIENT 2019-09-27

6. CLIENT

This form is used to input information about the various clients; information of the CLIENT table. This form is part of the General tab in the selection window, under Administration The key for the records consists of the field Client number.

• The client number is a 20-character string.

• The client name is a 60-character string. In the Site and Project tables which have a “client” field, the scrolling list shows the client numbers and names from the CLIENT table.

• The address is entered with up to 255 characters.

• The city, the province and the country are 20-character strings. The postal code is a 10-character string. The fields have lists showing the values entered for other clients.

• The phone and fax numbers have 20 characters.

• Email has 50 characters maximum, and website has 80.

• The client’s GST and PST numbers can be entered with 10 characters.

• The contact name for the client is entered, with 60 characters.

• The client logo can be selected, with a maximum of 255 characters. By clicking on the button to the right of the field, the file selection window is opened. Its path can be specified: see paragraph 6.3 of chapter 6 of the X3D guide.

• Remark contains a string of 255 characters to add information.

Figure 2-12 - CLIENT: Client definition

7. COBBLE

This form is used to input the estimated, calculated, measured or chosen percentages of boulders and/or cobbles between two depths; information contained in the COBBLE table. This form is part of the tab Soil description in the selection window.


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The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring, Top depth and Bottom depth.

• Site and Boring identify the boring where the cobbles and boulders percentages were determined.

• The top and bottom depths of the layers where the cobbles and boulders were taken in the boring are inputted; the suggested unit is the meter.

• The calculation method is used to enter a code of 5 characters to explain the calculation or measurement method used to determine the percentage of cobbles and boulders. The scrolling list shows other methods found in the database.

• The visually estimated percentages of cobbles and boulders are entered. These fields of 15 characters are alphanumeric; the user can enter an expression like “5 to 10%”.

• The calculated percentages of cobbles and boulders are entered.

• The maximum observed dimension for the boulders or cobbles is entered generally in mm.

• The chosen percentage of cobbles can be used in the Lab module to correct the grain size curves based on the percentage of cobbles.

• The chosen percentage of boulders can be used in the Lab module to correct the grain size curves based on the percentage of boulders.

• Description contains a string of 255 characters to describe the layer or something else.


Figure 2-13 - COBBLE: Percentages of cobbles and boulders

8. COBRA

This form is used to input the cobra tests; information contained in the COBRA table. This form is part of the tab In situ tests in the selection window. The COBRA table has a secondary table, COBRA_POINT. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring and Test.

• Site and Boring contain the site and boring numbers that identify the boring where the cobra tests are done.


COBRA 2019-09-27


• The diameters of the rods and tips are entered; the suggested unit is the millimeter.

• The refusal depth indicates the depth where the cobra boring ended; the suggested unit is the meter.

• The groundwater depth indicates where the water is.


• Remark contains a string of 255 characters to describe the cobra test.

When a query is done in the cobra form, the resistance measurements recorded for the test are displayed in the table at the bottom of the form.

Figure 2-14 - COBRA and COBRA_POINT: Definition of a cobra test

8.1. COBRA_POINT

The COBRA_POINT table is a secondary table to the COBRA table, and its data are available in the table at the bottom of the cobra form. This table is used to define the resistance measurements for the cobra tests. Records of cobra test resistance can be only be inputted for an existing cobra test. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring, Test and Depth.

• Site, Boring and Test have the same role as in the Cobra form. They identify the test for which resistances were measured.

• Depth is used to enter the top depth of a penetration time measurement; the suggested unit is the meter.

• Time is the elapsed time since the beginning of the test; the suggested unit is the second.

• Rate is the penetration rate, or the penetration time for 1 m; the unit is the second.


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9. CONCENTRATION

This form is used to input the in-situ or laboratory measurements of contaminant concentrations in borings; information contained in the CONCENTRATION table. This form is part of the In situ tests and Lab tests tabs in the selection window. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring, Top depth and Contaminant.

• Site and Boring contain the site and boring numbers that identify the boring in which the concentrations were measured.

• Sample identifies the sample from which concentrations were measured. If a sample number is inputted, its top and bottom depths are automatically displayed.

Figure 2-15 - CONCENTRATION: Contaminant concentrations

• Group identifies a group of contaminants. The list is taken from the CONTAMINANT table, but the user can enter another one, with up to 50 characters. By selecting a group, the list of contaminants is shortened to only those belonging to this group, according to the CONTAMINANT table.

• Contaminant identifies the contaminant for which concentrations were measured. A list is available with the contaminants saved in the CONTAMINANT table, but the user can enter another one, with up to 40 characters.

• Top and bottom depths contain the top and bottom depths of the sample if it is entered; if the measurements were done in-situ, the top and bottom depth of the measurements are entered by the user; the suggested unit is the meter.

• Remark contains a string of 255 characters to describe the concentration measurement.

• The soil concentration is entered; the suggested unit is the one used in the CONTAMINANT table for the same contaminant; generally, mg/kg.

• The water concentration is entered; the suggested unit is the one used in the CONTAMINANT table for the same contaminant; generally, ug/L.


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• The soil and water levels are calculated based on the criteria found in the CONTAMINANT table, but can be modified or entered by the user. The levels are presented as: A-, A, A-B, B, B-C, C, C+.

The levels are calculated when the user leaves the concentrations fields, or with the Calculate button for several records at once.

• Alert is used to enter an alert threshold of 5 characters.

• The modification date of the data has the “yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss” format. It is automatically inserted when a change is saved.

• The calculation date of the data has the “yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss” format. It is automatically inserted when the calculation of contamination levels is done (Calculate option).



10. CONSOLIDATION

This form is used to input the main parameters measured by the consolidation test and to display the results calculated from the consolidation curves; information contained in the CONSOLIDATION table. This form is part of the Lab tests tab in the selection window. The CONSOLIDATION table has a secondary table, CONSOLIDATION_POINT. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring and Sample.

• Site, Boring and Sample identify the sample on which the consolidation test was done.

In the Consolidation tab…

• H0 contains the initial height of the sample; the suggested unit is the millimeter.

• DR contains the relative density, used in the calculations.

• K0 contains the initial permeability; the suggested unit is the m/s.

• W0 contains the natural initial water content, in %.

• The degree of saturation is entered.

• E0 contains the initial void ratio of the soil.

• EI contains the void ratio at an effective stress of 9.81 kPa.

• EC contains the void ratio at the preconsolidation stress.

• EF contains the void ratio at the effective stress at the end of the test.

• P0 contains the in situ effective soil stress, in kPa.

• PF contains the effective stress at the end of the test, in kPa.

• The calculation method is selected between Sobek (simplified method) and MTQ (standard LC22-301). By default, the Sobek method is selected. Depending on the method, values of PC and of PC max differ. See paragraph 2 of chapter 3 of the Lab documentation.

• PC min represents the lower limit of the preconsolidation stress (kPa).


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• PC represents the probable preconsolidation stress (kPa).

• PC max represents the upper limit of the preconsolidation stress (kPa).

• CC contains the compression index.

• CCR contains the recompression index.

• CV contains the consolidation coefficient for the probably preconsolidation stress (PC), the suggested unit is the m2/s.

• CK contains the permeability variation index.

The Calculate button is active and functional in the Lab module when a style file showing the CONSOLIDATION_POINT graph is displayed and values are retrieved. The values of PC min, PC, PC max, CC, CCR and of CC per loading are then calculated based on the points of the consolidation curves.

Figure 2-16 - CONSOLIDATION and CONSOLIDATION_POINT: Consolidation tests In the Management tab…

• The fields Carried out by and Verified by take 40-character strings. Each of these fields has a list showing the values already entered in the CONSOLIDATION table.

• File is used to enter a 255-character string showing the name of the data file (raw data) used in the test. By clicking on the button to the right of the field, the file selection window is opened. Its path can be specified: see paragraph 6.3 of chapter 6 of the X3D guide.


CONSOLIDATION 2019-09-27


• The fields Test date and Verification date are entered with the “yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss” format.


• The calculation date of the data has the “yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss” format. It is automatically inserted when the calculation is done (Calculate option).


• Transfer is used to classify records to facilitate their management, with 1 character. When a query is done in the consolidation form, the points of the consolidation curve recorded for the same sample are displayed in the table at the bottom of the form.

10.1. CONSOLIDATION_POINT

The CONSOLIDATION_POINT table is a secondary table to the CONSOLIDATION table, and its data are available in the table at the bottom of the consolidation form. This table is used to define the curves of a consolidation test done on a sample. The consolidation curves can only be entered for an existing consolidation test. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring, Sample and Index.

• Site, Boring and Sample have the same role as in the Consolidation form. They identify the sample on which the consolidation test was done.

• Index (I_POINT) contains the order of each point on the consolidation curve. It is an integer.

• Pressure (P) contains the pressure. A value is required. The suggested unit is the kPa.

• The void ratio (E) is also required.

• The permeability (K) can be inputted for a related permeability test, in m/s.

• CC is the compression index per loading. CC is equal to the slope between a point (e, log P) and the previous. As soon as values of P and E are entered for a 2nd point, CC is calculated.

• CV contains the consolidation coefficient measured during loading to go from the previous pressure to pressure P. The suggested unit is the m2/s.

• Smoothing (Z) is used for the smoothing of the consolidation curve at the current point. It contains the offset around the point for the curve. With a value of 0, the curve goes through the point; the greater the value, the more the curve is smoothed at the point. An offset can be set for the whole curve; see the guide for Lab.



2019-09-27 CONTAMINANT

11. CONTAMINANT

This form is used to record the concentrations for each contaminant corresponding to criteria A to C for the soil and for water; information contained in the CONTAMINANT table. This form is part of the General tab of the selection window, under Definition of codes and lists. The key for the records consists of the fields Contaminant and Geologic province.

• Contaminant contains the identification of the contaminant, with 40 characters.

• Geologic province is used to enter the code for the geologic province in which the value for criteria A for the current contaminant prevails.

• Group identifies the group of contaminants.

• A description of up to 255 characters completes the contaminant definition.

Figure 2-17 - CONTAMINANT: Definition of contaminants The following four fields are for the soil contamination.

• Measurement unit is used to enter the unit of the concentration values of the contaminant in the soil written in criteria A to C.

• Criteria A to C contain the concentrations of the contaminant corresponding to each criterion.

The following four fields are for the water contamination.

• Measurement unit is used to enter the unit of the concentration values of the contaminant in the water written in criteria A to C.

• Criterion A contains the method’s quantification limit.

• Criterion B contains the water consumption criterion.

• Criterion C contains the surface water and sewer criterion.


CONTRACT 2019-09-27

The CONTAMINANT table was filled in the database sent by Sobek with information from the following website : "Grille des critères génériques pour les sols (table of generic criteria for soil)" http://www.mddep.gouv.qc.ca/sol/terrains/politique/annexe_2_tableau_1.htm "Teneurs de fond (critères A) pour les métaux et métalloïdes (depth concentrations (criteria A) for metals and metalloids)" http://www.mddep.gouv.qc.ca/sol/terrains/politique/annexe_2_tableau_2.htm "Grille des critères applicables aux cas de contamination des eaux souterraines (table of applicable criteria for contamination of groundwater)" http://www.mddep.gouv.qc.ca/sol/terrains/politique/annexe_2_grille_eaux.htm

12. CONTRACT

This form is used to identify and describe a contract; information contained in the CONTRACT table. This form is part of the General tab in the selection window, under Administration. The key for the records consists of the field Contract number.

• The contract number is a 20-character string.

• The contract name is a 255-character string. In the Site and Boring tables which have a “contract” field, the scrolling list shows the contract numbers and names from the CONTRACT table.

• A contract description contains a string of 255 characters to note any addition.

Figure 2-18 - CONTRACT: Definition of contracts

• The name of the client with whom the contract was signed has 255 characters.

• The contractor is used to enter the name of the general contractor doing the work set in the contract; with 80 characters.

• The start and end dates of the contract are entered with the "yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss" format.

http://www.mddep.gouv.qc.ca/sol/terrains/politique/annexe_2_tableau_1.htm

http://www.mddep.gouv.qc.ca/sol/terrains/politique/annexe_2_tableau_2.htm

http://www.mddep.gouv.qc.ca/sol/terrains/politique/annexe_2_grille_eaux.htm


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13. CPT

This form is used to define the general characteristics of the static penetration tests (CPT); information contained in the CPT table. This form is part of the tab In situ tests in the selection window. The CPT table has a secondary table, CPT_POINT. The key for the records consists of the fields Site and Boring.

• Site and Boring contain the site and boring numbers that identify the boring where the static penetration tests are done.

• A test number can be used if several CPT are done for a boring; 20 characters maximum.

• The maximum tip resistance obtained during the test is entered; in kPa.

• The maximum total resistance obtained during the test is entered; in kPa.

• The penetration velocity for the rods into the soil is entered, in mm/min.

• The tip diameter is in mm.

• The apical angle is entered, in degrees.

• The projected section can be inputted.

• The piston (Ac) and sleeve (As) areas are entered, in cm2.


Figure 2-19 - CPT and CPT_POINT: Static penetration tests When a query is done in the CPT form, the static penetration measurements for the same boring are displayed in the table at the bottom of the form.

13.1. CPT_POINT

The CPT_POINT table is a secondary table to the CPT table, and its data are available in the table at the bottom of the static cone form. This table is used to define the resistance


CPTU 2019-09-27

measurements to static penetration in various borings. Measurements of static penetration tests can only be recorded for an existing boring. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring and Depth.

• Site and Boring have the same role as in the CPT form. They identify the boring for which measurements of static penetration were done.

• Depth is used to enter the penetration depth where the cone penetration resistance and the local lateral friction are determined.

• The tip resistance, i.e. the strength necessary to drive the conic tip, is entered in kPa.

• The total resistance is entered in kPa.

• The penetration resistance of the cone qc is entered, in kPa.

• The local lateral unit friction fs is entered, in kPa.

• Remark contains a string of 255 characters to enter additional information.


14. CPTU

Please refer to chapter 3 of the entry forms guide for documentation about the interpretation of the CPTu and to chapter 4 for documentation about how to import CPTu readings into Geotec. This form is used to define the general characteristics of the piezocone penetration tests (CPTu); information from the CPTU table. This form is part of the tab In situ tests in the selection window. The CPTU table has 3 secondary tables, CPTU_POINT, CPTU_ZONE and CPTU_SISMIC. The key for the records consists of the fields Site and Boring.

• Site and Boring contain the site and boring numbers that identify the boring where the piezocone penetration tests are done.

In the Identification tab…

• Top and bottom depths contain the top and bottom depths of the measurement interval; the suggested unit is the meter. If a DRF file is imported, the depths are defined as the minimum and maximum depth values from the data file.

• The groundwater depth is then entered; the suggested unit is the meter.

• The type of refusal can be entered with 255 characters.


• The acceptable normalized cone resistance qcn is entered, in kPa.

• The upper and lower depth limits are values (in meters) indicative of the global interval where the values are considered to comply.


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• Transfer is used to classify records to facilitate their management, with 1 character. If a DRF file is imported, the value D is indicated as transfer.

Figure 2-20 - CPTU and CPTU_POINT: Piezocone penetration tests In the Equipment tab…

• The probe used is entered with 40 characters. A list of the probes already entered in the database is provided. If a DRF file is imported, the probe is defined as the value on the 2nd line between the site number and boring number.

• The cone diameter is entered, in mm. This value is indicative only. The default value is 20 mm.

• The area ratio for the cone is entered. The default value is 0.8.

• The tip used is entered with 40 characters. A list of the tips already entered in the database is provided.

• The penetration velocity of the piezocone is inputted, in mm/min.

• The increment between 2 measurement depths is entered, in mm. If a DRF file is imported, the increment is defined as the smallest difference between 2 successive measurement depths.


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• The radio buttons Input qt and qc indicate the input used in the calculations of the various fields of the CPTU_POINT table. During the import of a DRF file, the input indicated in the .drf file or chosen by the user in the message displayed is entered automatically. Also, if data are entered only in one of the fields (QT or QC), it will be automatically designated as input. In all formats except Tab, the field INPUT_QC indicates the choice: 0 or NULL for QT, 1 for QC.

Figure 2-21 - CPTU: Definition of the equipment used

• The following 8 fields are used to enter the initial and final calibration constants for the piezocone for:

The cone resistance qc (MPa)

The pressure head u2 (m)

The friction resistance fs (kPa)

The probe temperature (volts)

In the Calculations tab…

• The constant Nkt is noted. The default value is 14.

• The constant Nst is noted. The default value is 3.08.

• The ratio of su over the preconsolidation pressure is noted. The default value is 0.22.

• The minimum value of Ic to calculate su and pc is noted. The default value is 2.6.

• The minimum value of fs for the calculations is noted. If defined, this value is used in the calculations when FS is smaller than fs min. If fs min is 0 or not defined, the calculations are not done when FS is negative or 0.

• The N exponent used to calculate Qtn is noted. If no value is entered, N is calculated at each depth.

• Cq max is the maximum value of the stress normalization factor. The default value is 1.7.

• The Dr constant is used in the calculation of the relative density. The default value is 350.

• The minimum thickness to create a zone is entered, in meters. The default value is 0.1. The minimum value to calculate a zone is 0.001 meter.

• The SBT method used to calculate the zones (see paragraph 14.2) is selected from the list of 6 methods.


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• The type of density used for the stress calculation can be selected between Constant, stratigraphic Profile or Variable; it is a 1-character field.

“Constant” will use the D values entered in the CPTU table; if the wet density or the saturated density is NULL, the Variable type will be used for the corresponding depths.

“Profile” will use the D values entered for the layers in the CPTU_ZONE table. If no value is found, the D values entered for the layers in the STRATIGRAPHY table will be used. When a D value is not found at a certain depth, the Variable type is used for this depth.

“Variable” will use a value for each point, calculated based on the total resistance and the friction entered in the CPTU_POINT table. By default, the type V is used. Note that the value of Rf used in the calculation of the variable density is limited from 0.1 to 10.

• The wet and saturated densities are entered, in kg/m3. They are used with the type of density ‘C’. The default values are 1,900 and 2,000.


• The calculation date of the data has the “yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss” format. It is automatically inserted when the calculation of outputs is done (Calculate option).

Figure 2-22 - CPTU: Definition of the calculation parameters

14.1. CPTU_POINT

The CPTU_POINT table is a secondary table to the CPTU table, and its data are available in the table at the bottom of the piezocone form in the Piezocone readings tab. This table is used to define the resistance measurements to piezocone penetration in various borings. Measurements of piezocone penetration tests can only be recorded for an existing boring. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring and Depth.

• Site and Boring have the same role as in the CPTU form. They identify the boring for which measurements of piezocone penetration were done.

• Depth is used to enter the depth of the soil penetration resistance measurement.

• QT, the cone resistance corrected for u2, is entered in kPa. See chapter 4 of the entry forms guide for the import via DRF file.

• QC, the tip cone resistance, is entered in kPa. See chapter 4 of the entry forms guide for the import via DRF file.


CPTU 2019-09-27

• The friction resistance FS is entered, in kPa. When the FS values are smaller than the value defined in fs min, the value of fs min is used in the calculation of the various parameters. If fs min is not defined or 0, the calculations are not done when FS is negative or 0.

When importing from a DRF or CSV file, FS values smaller than -999 will be imported as NULL.

• The measured porewater pressure U2 is entered in kPa.

The Calculate button is active and functional in the Log module when a style file showing the CPTU_POINT graph is displayed and values are retrieved. With the raw data (depth, QT or QC, FS and U2), most other values in the CPTU_POINT table as well as the SBT zones are calculated. If QT or QC is smaller than 11 kPa or 0.011 MPa, no parameters are calculated. Refer to the guide of Log and to chapter 3 of this guide for the equations used by Log.

• IX and IY are the inclines in the X and Y directions (in degrees).

• Temp is the temperature, in degrees.

• The resistivity is inputted, in ohm.

• The friction ratio RF is a percentage. It can be calculated by Log.

• The ISBT is the IC value for the non-normalized SBT. It can be calculated by Log.

• SBT_RF is the soil behavior type based on the Qt-Rf chart. It can be calculated by Log.

• SBT_BQ is the soil behavior type based on the Qt-Bq chart. It can be calculated by Log.

• SBT_IC is the soil behavior type based on the Ic value. It can be calculated by Log.

• The N exponent used to calculate QTN can be calculated by Log.

• The soil density D (in kg/m3) can be calculated by Log.

• The total vertical stress TS is expressed in kPa. It can be calculated by Log.

• The hydrostatic pressure U0 is expressed in kPa. It can be calculated by Log.

• The effective stress ES is expressed in kPa. It can be calculated by Log.

• The correction factor CQ for the effective stress can be calculated by Log.

• The normalized excess porewater pressure BQ can be calculated by Log.

• The normalized friction ratio FR is a percentage. It can be calculated by Log.

• The normalized cone resistance QTN can be calculated by Log.

• The cone resistance divided by the atmospheric pressure QTA can be calculated by Log.

• The IC value for normalized SBT can be calculated by Log.

• SBTN_FR is the normalized soil behavior type based on the Qtn-Fr chart. It can be calculated by Log.

• SBTN_BQ is the normalized soil behavior type based on the Qtn-Bq chart. It can be calculated by Log.


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• SBTN_IC is the normalized soil behavior type based on the Ic value. It can be calculated by Log.

• The undrained shear strength SU (in kPa) can be calculated by Log.

• The preconsolidation pressure PC (in kPa) can be calculated by Log.

• The overconsolidation ratio OCR can be calculated by Log.

• The sensitivity ST can be calculated by Log.

• The bearing capacity factor NQ can be calculated by Log.

• The number of blows per 0.3 m (N60) can be calculated by Log.

• The normalized number of blows per 0.3 m (N160) can be calculated by Log.

• The friction angle PHI (in degrees) can be calculated by Log.

• The elasticity modulus E (in MPa) can be calculated by Log.

• The shear wave velocity VS (in m/s) can be calculated by Log.

• The normalized shear wave velocity VS1 (in m/s) can be calculated by Log.

• The initial shear modulus G0 (in MPa) can be calculated by Log.

• The relative density DR (in %) can be calculated by Log.

• Transfer is used to classify records to facilitate their management, with 1 character. If a DRF file is imported, the value D is inserted as transfer.

14.2. CPTU_ZONE

The CPTU_ZONE table is a secondary table to the CPTU table, and its data are available in the table at the bottom of the piezocone form in the SBT zones tab. This table is used to enter (or calculate) the interpretation of SBT zones calculated with the piezocone tests, based on the SBT method selected by the user in the Calculations tab. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring and Top depth.

• Site and Boring have the same role as in the CPTU form. They identify the boring along which SBT zones were calculated.

• Top and bottom depths show the top and bottom depths of the zone with the same SBT value. The suggested unit is the meter.

• A description of the zone can be entered with 255 characters. If the SBT zones are calculated and equivalences exist for the various values of SBT, the textual description will be automatically entered. Otherwise, the SBT value will also be entered in the description after the calculation.

• The density of the zone is entered, in kg/m3. It is used in the calculations of the SBT, for the type of density ‘P’. See paragraph 14.

• The SBT (Soil Behavior Type) for the zone is calculated.

• Category is used to insert a code for the textual display of the zone, with 20 characters.



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14.3. CPTU_SISMIC

The CPTU_SISMIC table is a secondary table to the CPTU table, and its data are available in the table at the bottom of the piezocone form in the Shear tab. This table is used to display the shear wave velocities measured with piezocone tests. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring and Top depth.

• Site and Boring have the same role as in the CPTU form. They identify the boring along which shear wave velocities were measured.

• Top and bottom depths present the depth interval in which the shear wave velocity was measured. The suggested unit is the meter.

• The average shear velocity is expressed in m/s.


15. DENSITY

This form is used to input the measurements of volumetric weight or mass for a sample; information contained in the DENSITY table. This form is part of the tab Lab tests in the selection window. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring, Sample and Test type.

• Site, Boring and Sample identify the sample on which the density test was done.

• The test type indicates the test used to determine the density. The types already entered are available in a list.

• The wet density measured by the test in entered; in kg/m3.

Figure 2-23 - DENSITY: Density measurement

• The fields Carried out by and Verified by take 40-character strings. Each of these fields has a list showing the values already entered in the DENSITY table.



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16. DPT

This form is used to define the general characteristics of the dynamic cones used; information contained in the DPT table. This form is part of the tab In situ tests in the selection window. The DPT table has a secondary table, DPT_POINT. The key for the records consists of the fields Site and Boring.

• Site and Boring contain the site and boring numbers that identify the boring on which the dynamic penetration tests are done.

• A test number can be used to enter the dynamic cone number; 20 characters maximum.

• The hammer weight is generally entered in kg.

• The height of fall is generally entered, in meters.

• The depth increment per measurement can be inputted, in meters. A default value of 1 foot (0.3048m) is displayed. If entered, this increment is used when inserting new rows in DPT_POINT.


Figure 2-24 - DPT and DPT_POINT: Dynamic penetration tests When a query is done in the DPT form, the dynamic penetration measurements for the same boring are displayed in the table at the bottom of the form.


EQUIVALENCE 2019-09-27

16.1. DPT_POINT

The DPT_POINT table is a secondary table to the DPT table, and its data are available in the table at the bottom of the dynamic cone form. This table is used to define the measurements of dynamic penetration in various borings. Measurements of dynamic penetration tests can only be recorded for an existing boring. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring and Depth.

• Site and Boring have the same role as in the DPT form. They identify the boring for which measurements of dynamic penetration were done.

• Depth is used to enter the top depth of the measurement, before the blows. If a depth increment is entered, each new depth will be automatically incremented by this value. If no increment is entered, the depth will be incremented by the difference between the 1st and 2nd depths entered.

• Number of blows (NB) is used to enter the number of blows necessary for the cone to penetrate from the current depth to the following.



17. EQUIVALENCE

The EQUIVALENCE table is used to define the English and French expressions to display by the Geotec modules instead of values entered in some fields of the database. The information is contained in the EQUIVALENCE table. The table is available by clicking on the button Equivalence in the General tab of the selection window, under Definition of codes and lists.

Figure 2-25 - EQUIVALENCE: Definition of equivalences to certain values


2019-09-27 FALL_CONE

The key for the records consists of the fields Table name, Column name and Value. The French and English expressions have 80 characters each. In the Geotec modules, if the @@ characters are used and a record is defined in the EQUIVALENCE table for the table, field and value, the French or English expression, according to the current language of the module, is displayed instead of the value. If the equivalence does not exist, the DESCRIPTION of the value in the LIST_ENG table (or LIST_FRE if the module is used in French) will be displayed (see paragraph 25). Otherwise, the field value is displayed.

18. FALL_CONE

This form is used to define the strength of a remoulded or intact soil, determined by a fall cone test; information contained in the FALL_CONE table. This form is part of the tab Lab tests in the selection window. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring and Sample.

• Site, Boring and Sample identify the sample on which the Swedish cone test was done.

In the Swedish cone tab…

• The shear strength takes a value in kPa, for the intact (SU) and remoulded soil (SUR).

• The sensitivity to remoulding is the ratio of the intact strength to the remoulded strength. The sensitivity is automatically calculated when both shear strengths are entered.

• The natural water content is entered, in %.


Figure 2-26 - FALL_CONE: Shear strength measured with the Swedish fall cone In the Management tab…

• The fields Carried out by and Verified by take 40-character strings. Each of these fields has a list showing the values already entered in the FALL_CONE table.


GEOCAMERA 2019-09-27





19. GEOCAMERA

This form is used to define the geocamera images taken along a boring; information from the GEOCAMERA table. This form is part of the Rock description tab in the selection window.

Figure 2-27 - GEOCAMERA: Description of geocamera images The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring, Image type and Top depth.

• Site and Boring contain the site and boring numbers that identify the boring where the geocamera is installed.

• The images are generally of type 3D, ACoustic, OPtical or PHoto.

• Top and bottom depths contain the top and bottom depths of the layer where the photo was taken; the suggested unit is the meter.

• Diameter indicates the dimension of the hole; the suggested unit is the mm.

• The file name is then entered with up to 255 characters, a file of .bmp extension. By clicking on the button to the right of the field, the file selection window is opened. Its path can be specified: see paragraph 6.3 of chapter 6 of the X3D guide. The image can be displayed with the Log module.

• Description can contain a string of 255 characters to describe the layer or something else.

20. GRAIN_SIZE

This form is used to enter the results of a grain size analysis done on a sample; information contained in the GRAIN_SIZE table. This form is part of the tab Lab tests tab in the selection window. The GRAIN_SIZE table has a secondary table, GRAIN_SIZE_POINT.


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The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring and Sample.

• Site, Boring and Sample identify the sample on which the grain size analysis was done.

In the Results tab…

• The fields 225 mm to 0.002 mm contain the passing percentages of the various sieves. These values can be calculated from the points of the grain size curve with the Lab module, or directly entered by the user.

• The fields D10, D30 and D60 are used to enter the diameter corresponding to 10%, 30% and 60% of the particles. These values are also calculated from the grain size curves in the Lab module, or entered by the user.

• The fields Cu and Cc are calculated by the Lab module. Cu is the uniformity coefficient and Cc is the concavity coefficient.

• The fields Silt, Sand and Gravel are calculated by the Lab module, as:

Silt = passing(0.08) - passing(0.002) If the passing(0.002) is NULL, the silt percentage may correspond to the percentage of fine particles, since the clay percentage is unknown

Sand = passing(5) - passing(0.08)

Gravel = passing(80) - passing(5)

• The fineness modulus is calculated by the Lab module, as:

FINENESS = 10 - [passing(0.16) + passing(0.315) + passing(0.63) + passing(1.25) + passing(2.5) + passing(5) + passing(10) + passing(20) + passing(40) + passing(80)] / 100

• Offset is used for the smoothing. The offset entered for the grain size analysis defines the smoothing for the grain size curve; however the offset values entered at the points of the curve have precedence on the global offset.

If no offset is entered in the Grain Size table, the Lab module will use the smoothing defined as a preference in the options window of Lab. However, if an offset is entered for the grain size analysis, it prevails on the smoothing preference set in Lab.

If the global offset value is -1, no smoothing of the grain size curve will be done, and the offset values for each point will not be taken into account.

• The description of the grain size curve is the one calculated by the Lab module. It is based on the simplified classification.

• The USCS classification of the grain size curve is the one calculated by the Lab module.

• The category of the grain size curve is used to categorize the test, with 20 characters. It is mainly used for grain size combinations. The value CMB-xx is entered in the sample and grain size records for each sample used in a combination. See chapter 2 of the Lab module guide for all the details on the combinations.

• The length of the grain size curve is used in the case of grain size combinations. The length is the sum of the lengths of all the samples combined.

• The description of the sample shows the one entered for the current sample in the SAMPLE table. This field cannot be edited.


GRAIN_SIZE 2019-09-27

• The USCS classification of the sample shows the one entered in the SAMPLE table. This field cannot be edited.

• The category of the sample shows the one entered in the SAMPLE table. This field cannot be edited.

• The sample length shows the one entered in the SAMPLE table. This field cannot be edited.

Figure 2-28 - GRAIN_SIZE and GRAIN_SIZE_POINT: Grain size analyses The Calculate button is active and functional in the Lab module when a style file showing the GRAIN_SIZE_POINT graph is displayed and values are retrieved. The values of the passing percentages, the diameters, the coefficients and the fineness modulus, as well as the description, the USCS and the length of the grain size curve are then calculated based on the points of the grain size curves. The Envelopes button opens the specification definition window. See paragraph 48 for all the details.


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The Cobbles button opens the cobbles entry form. See paragraph 7 for all the details. The Combine button is used to make grain size combinations. See paragraph 2.6 of chapter 2 of the Lab guide for all the details. The USCS button is active in the Lab module when a style file showing the GRAIN_SIZE_POINT graph is displayed and values are retrieved. By clicking on the button, the calculated USCS can be inserted in the USCS field of the SAMPLE table. A message asks to confirm the insertion. By clicking “Yes”, all the USCS values are replaced by those calculated in Grain Size. By clicking “No”, all the USCS values already inserted will not be replaced. The Description button is active in the Lab module when a style file showing the GRAIN_SIZE_POINT graph is displayed and values are retrieved. By clicking on the button, the calculated description can be inserted in the DESCRIPTION field of the SAMPLE table. A message asks to confirm the insertion. By clicking “Yes”, all the descriptions are replaced by those calculated in Grain Size. By clicking “No”, all the descriptions already inserted will not be replaced.


• The fields Carried out by and Verified by take 40-character strings. Each of these fields has a list showing the values already entered in the GRAIN_SIZE table.





• Laboratory is used to identify the laboratory where the test was done; with 20 characters.


• Category shows the same value as in the Results tab.


When a query is done in the grain size form, the points of the grain size curve recorded for the same sample are displayed in the table at the bottom of the form.

20.1. GRAIN_SIZE_POINT

The GRAIN_SIZE_POINT table is a secondary table to the GRAIN_SIZE table, and its data are available in the table at the bottom of the grain size form. This table is used to define the curves of a grain size analysis done on a sample, by sieving and/or sedimentation analysis. The grain size curves can only be entered for an existing grain size analysis. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring, Sample and Size.


GROUND 2019-09-27

• Site, Boring and Sample have the same role as in the Grain size form. They identify the sample on which the grain size analysis was done.

• Size contains the diameter of the sieves or particles; the suggested unit is the millimeter.

• Passing contains the passing percentage for the sieve whose dimension is given in the previous field.

• Smoothing (Z) is used for the smoothing of the grain size curve at the current point. It contains the offset around the point for the curve. With a value of -1, the curve goes through the point; the greater the value, the more the curve is smoothed at the point. An offset can be set for the whole curve in the Grain Size table and/or in the options window of Lab.

• Point contains the mass retained on the sieves, or the hydrometer reading for a sedimentation analysis.

• Time contains the elapsed time since the beginning of the sedimentation analysis, in minutes.

• Temperature is in Celsius degrees, for the sedimentation analysis.


21. GROUND

This form is used to input the characteristics of the ground where the boring is located; information contained in the GROUND table. This form is part of the Soil description tab in the selection window. The key for the records consists of the fields Site and Boring.

• Site and Boring identify the boring.

• The stripping thickness and the exploitable height indicate respectively the thickness of the ground that was stripped before doing the boring, and the thickness of the exploitable material. The suggested unit is the meter. This information is useful in the analysis of borrow pits.

• The user can enter a percentage of surface boulders.

• The ground state is a 40-character field.

• The slope type is a 40-character field.

• The woodland density is a 40-character field.

• The topography is a 40-character field.

• The wall stability is a 40-character field.

• The surface soil is a 40-character field.

• A photo number of 255 characters can be added. By clicking on the button to the right of the field, the file selection window is opened. Its path can be specified: see paragraph 6.3 of chapter 6 of the X3D guide.

• Cartography is a 40-character string to indicate an interpretation based on cartography.

• Description can contain a 40-character string to add information.


2019-09-27 GS_SOIL


Figure 2-29 - GROUND: Description of the ground around a boring

22. GS_SOIL

This form is used to enter results of specific gravity tests; information contained in the GS_SOIL table. This form is part of the Lab tests tab in the selection window. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring and Sample.

• Site, Boring and Sample identify the sample on which the specific gravity test was done.


• The specific gravity of the sand fraction is used to enter the test result. The diameter shown is 5 mm.

• The specific gravity of the fraction smaller than sand can then be entered.

• The cut-off diameter of this fraction is then entered (in mm).

• The radio buttons Sand fraction and Fraction < 5 mm will be used in the QCA module. In the Management tab…

• The fields Carried out by and Verified by take 40-character strings. Each of these fields has a list showing the values already entered in the GS_SOIL table.






LIM 2019-09-27


Figure 2-30 - GS_SOIL: Specific gravity of the solid grains

23. LIM

This form is used to define polygonal limits; i.e. a polygon or rectangle inside of which borings are located; information contained in the LIM table. This form is available via the retrieval option Polygonal Limit of the Data menu or in the application toolbar. The LIM table has a secondary table, LIM_POINT. The buttons Rectangle< and Polygon< are only active in the Site module. They are used to define polygonal limits directly with the mouse. See the user guide of the Site module for more details. The key for the records consists of the field Limit number.

• The limit number is a 20-character field identifying the limit.

• Reference is a 20-character field. The scrolling list proposes all the sites saved in the database. The user selects the site to use as reference for the limit.

• The file name is used to select a limits file with up to 255 characters (.lim, .dxf or .xyz) to display for the polygonal limit. This map will be displayed in the plan views. By clicking on the button to the right of the field, the file selection window is opened.

• Description contains a string of 255 characters to describe the limit.

23.1. LIM_POINT

The LIM_POINT table is a secondary table to the LIM table, and its data are available in the table at the bottom of the polygonal limits form. This table is used to define the points constituting each limit. The points of the limits can only be entered for an existing polygonal limit. The key for the records consists of the fields Limit number and Index (I).


2019-09-27 LIMITS

• The limit number has the same role as in the Limit form. It identifies the polygonal limit to which we define the points.

• Index (I) contains the order number of the points, which determines the shape of the polygon constituting the limit. It is an integer.

• The X and Y coordinates for each point are then provided; with up to 3 decimals. Values are required.

Figure 2-31 - LIM: Definition of the polygonal limits

24. LIMITS

This form is used to enter the Atterberg limits of a sample; information contained in the LIMITS table. This form is part of the tab Lab tests in the selection window. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring and Sample.

• Site, Boring and Sample identify the sample on which the consistency limits are measured.


• The plastic limit (PL) and liquid limit (LL) are inputted in %.

• The water content (W) is entered, in %.

• The measurement method for the liquid limit is entered: Average, Casagrande or Swedish cone.

• The shear strength of the remoulded soil is entered, in kPa.

• The plasticity (PI) and liquidity (LI) indexes are calculated automatically. These values are not saved in the database.

• The calculated USCS is calculated automatically. This field cannot be edited.

• The USCS of the sample shows the USCS entered in the SAMPLE table. This field cannot be edited.


LIST_ENG and LIST_FRE 2019-09-27

• The description shows the description entered for the current sample in the SAMPLE table. This field cannot be edited.

Figure 2-32 - LIMITS: Atterberg limits measurements The USCS button is active in the Lab module when a style file showing the LIMITS graph is displayed and values are retrieved. By clicking on the button, the calculated USCS can be inserted in the USCS field of the SAMPLE table. A message asks to confirm the insertion. By clicking “Yes”, all the USCS values are replaced by those calculated in Limits. By clicking “No”, the USCS values already inserted will not be replaced. In the Management tab…

• The fields Carried out by and Verified by take 40-character strings. Each of these fields has a list showing the values already entered in the LIMITS table.






25. LIST_ENG AND LIST_FRE

The LIST_ENG and LIST_FRE tables are used to define lists of values in the various forms. The tables are available by clicking on the buttons labelled Lists (French) or Lists (English) in the General tab of the selection window, under Definition of codes and lists. The language indicates the language in which the descriptions that will be entered.

• The table name, column name, value (10 characters) and description (255 characters) constitute the key for the records.


2019-09-27 LIST_ENG and LIST_FRE

• A display color corresponding to the value can be selected by double-clicking in the cell. This color is used for curves of type Color.

• A display pattern corresponding to the value can be selected by double-clicking in the cell. This pattern is used for curves of type Pattern.

• The rank is used to force a display order of the values. The values are displayed numerically (from 0), followed by the values without order. The values with the same order are displayed alphabetically.

The % character is supported as a replacement character for the table and field names, to avoid repeating values used in different fields. For example, the remarks on the hydrogeology measurements in the BORING and PIEZOMETRIC_LEVEL tables can be entered once only with % as the table and REM_MES% as field.

Figure 2-33 - LIST_ENG: Definition of lists of values The Geotec database created by DBM contains more than 400 different records. The user can modify them, add some and delete others. NOTE: If you modify the LIST_ENG table, the records are not automatically modified in the LIST_FRE table. If you use the lists of values in both languages, verify their consistency. The scrolling lists have two columns, showing the values and their description. When a field has more characters available than those in the description, the description can be selected by clicking it in the right column. Otherwise, the value (left column) is automatically selected. When the point (.) is used as value, the description is automatically selected. This can be useful for example for names of people or contractors. In the Geotec modules, if the @@ characters are used and no record is defined in the EQUIVALENCE table (see paragraph 17) for the table, field and value, the DESCRIPTION of


LUGEON 2019-09-27

the value in the LIST_ENG table (or LIST_FRE if the module is used in French) will be displayed. Otherwise, the field value is displayed.

26. LUGEON

This form is used to input the results of Lugeon tests to determine the permeability of a geologic formation; information contained in the LUGEON table. This form is part of the tab In situ tests in the selection window. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring and Top depth.

Figure 2-34 - LUGEON: Lugeon test for permeability

• Site and Boring contain the site and boring numbers that identify the boring where the Lugeon test was done.

• Top and bottom depths contain the depths of the top and bottom packers for the test; the suggested unit is the meter. Both depths are required.

• The average water pressure (MPa) is inputted for the 5 stages of water injection.

• The average flow (L/min) is inputted for the 5 stages of water injection.

• The water absorption in Lugeon units (L/min/m at a pressure of 1 MPa) is entered in the Lugeon field.

• The permeability measured by the Lugeon test is entered; in m/s.




27. MATERIAL

This form is used to define information about materials found on a site; information contained in the MATERIAL table. The data are used in the Dam module for the design of retaining structures. They are also used in certain fields for materials whose color you want to display, for


2019-09-27 MISC_CODE

example for the materials of the layers of a stratigraphy, to show the materials of a borrow pit, to display the USCS classification with a color, for grain size envelopes, etc. This form is part of the General tab in the selection window, under Definition of codes and lists.

The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Type and Material.

• Site is generally the dummy site named “SPEC”.

• Material is the material code; with up to 20 characters.

• Type can be selected: backFill, Strata, Unified and eXcavation.

• Color is used to define a specific color for the material. Double-click in the field, and a color definition window opens to ease the color selection. A value is required.

• The material cost per cubic meter is entered (in $).

• Depth indicates the top depth where the material layer is found.

• Batter is the excavation batter.

• A description of the material can be added with 255 characters.

Figure 2-35 - MATERIAL: Definition of materials

28. MISC_CODE

The MISC_CODE table is available for users of the obsolete Oracle forms. The table is available by clicking on the button labelled Miscellaneous in the General tab of the selection window. The table is used to define miscellaneous codes describing particularities of stratigraphic layers, roc quality, etc. Most of the codes are now included in the LIST_ENG table. The 5 fields are self-descriptive.

29. MUNICIPALITY

This form is used to define the municipalities; information contained in the MUNICIPALITY table. This form is part of the General tab in the selection window, under Definition of codes and lists. The Geotec database provided by Sobek contains the list of Quebec municipalities according to the website of the Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Regions of Quebec.

• The name of the municipality is a 100-character string. A value is required.

• The municipal code is a number that constitutes the key for the records.


OBSERVATION 2019-09-27

• The designation shows the type of agglomeration: a village, a parish, a city, etc.

• The number of the MTM zone where the municipality is located is then entered; this number varies between 3 and 10 inclusively in Quebec.

• Easting contains the value expressing the hundreds of thousands of X coordinates for the municipality.

• Northing contains the value expressing the millions and hundreds of thousands of Y coordinates for the municipality.

• The area is expressed in km2.

• The population is then entered.

• The number and name of the regional county municipality (RCM) to which the municipality belongs are entered. The number is an integer; the name is a 50-character string.

• The number and name of the administrative region to which the municipality belongs are entered. The number is an integer; the name is a 50-character string.

Figure 2-36 - MUNICIPALITY: Definition of municipalities

30. OBSERVATION

This form is used to describe any observation done on the field; information contained in the OBSERVATION table. This form is part of the Soil description and Rock description tabs in the selection window. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring and Top depth.

• Site and Boring contain the site and boring numbers that identify the boring for which field observations are entered.

• Top depth contains the depth of the top of the observation; suggested unit is the meter.

• Bottom depth contains the depth of the bottom of the observation, if applicable; suggested unit is the meter.

• A remark or observation is then added with 255 characters.



2019-09-27 PERMEABILITY

Figure 2-37 - OBSERVATION: Description of field observations

31. PERMEABILITY

This form is used to input the permeability measurements for a boring; information contained in the PERMEABILITY table. This form is part of the tab In situ tests in the selection window.

Figure 2-38 - PERMEABILITY: Permeability tests The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring and Depth.

• Site and Boring contain the site and boring numbers that identify the boring where the permeability measurements were taken.

• Depth contains the depth of the permeability measurement; the suggested unit is the meter.

• The length of the measurement is entered; the suggested unit is the meter.

• The test type indicates the test used to determine the permeability.

• The permeability measured is entered; in m/s.





PETROGRAPHY 2019-09-27

32. PETROGRAPHY

This form is used to describe the petrography of a boring; information contained in the PETROGRAPHY table. This form is part of the Rock description tab in the selection window. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring and Top depth.

• Site and Boring contain the site and boring numbers that identify the boring for which we describe the petrography.

• The top and bottom depths of the layer are entered; the suggested unit is the meter.

• The classification type is generally R for Rock.

• The material is then selected; the list shows all the materials of type “Strata” defined in the materials form.

• A description can be added with 255 characters.

Figure 2-39 - PETROGRAPHY: Description of the petrography

33. PIEZOMETER

This form is used to define the characteristics of piezometers, observation wells and pumping wells; information contained in the PIEZOMETER table. This form is part of the Soil description tab in the selection window. The PIEZOMETER table has 2 secondary tables: PIEZOMETRIC_LEVEL and PIEZOMETER_SEAL. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring and Piezometer.

• Site and Boring contain the site and boring numbers that identify the boring where a well or one or more piezometers were installed.

• Piezometer is used to enter a well / piezometer number; with up to 20 characters.

• The well / piezometer code is selected from: Electric, Hydraulic, Pneumatic, o’Ring, Sleeve, open Tube and Vibrating chord. The fields differ based on the code selected. In Log, Pro and Site, the drawing differs based on the code entered. See the guides of these modules.

• The tube type is entered, with up to 80 characters. It can be selected from the scrolling list, with the types entered previously.

• The installation date of the well / piezometer is entered as “yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss” format.


2019-09-27 PIEZOMETER

• Stop qualifies the reason the well / piezometer stopped being driven. The list suggests Forced, Undetermined, and Voluntary.

• A maximum interval between 2 measurements of piezometric levels (in days) can be imposed, for the Time module. When the number of days between consecutive measurements is greater than the interval imposed, the curve will be discontinued between those two measurements. With a value of 0, no discontinuity is done.


• The sealer used is entered, with up to 80 characters.

• The calculation date of the data has the “yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss” format. It is automatically inserted when the calculation of piezometric levels is done (Calculate option).

• At the bottom of the entry form, the remark describing the piezometer / well has up to 255 characters.


In the “Filter” section:

• The filter type is entered with 80 characters. It can be selected in the scrolling list from types already entered.

• The filter code has 2 characters; the list suggests “Casagrande”, “Point” and “pierced Tube”.

• Opening is used to enter the size of the apertures in the filter; the suggested unit is the millimeter.

• The length of the filter is then entered; the suggested unit is the meter.

• The bottom depth of the filter is then entered; the suggested unit is the meter. A value is necessary to draw the piezometer correctly.

• The diameter contains the filter diameter; the suggested unit is the millimeter. In the “Protector” section:

• The protector type is entered, with 80 characters.

• The protector code has up to 3 characters. To draw an empty protection case, enter “B”. For a protective casing, enter any other code.

• The diameter contains the diameter of the protector; the suggested unit is the millimeter.

• The length of the protector is then entered; the suggested unit is the meter.

• The top depth of the protector is inputted. A negative depth means that the top of the protector is above the natural ground.

• The cover type is then entered, with 80 characters.

In the “Caps” section:

• The upper cap type is entered, with 80 characters.

• The lower cap type is entered, with 80 characters.


PIEZOMETER 2019-09-27

Figure 2-40 - PIEZOMETER and PIEZOMETRIC_LEVEL: Definition of open tube piezometers In the “Open tube” section (all codes except E, P and V):

• The tube diameter is entered, in millimeters.

• The top depth is the depth of the top of the tube, in meters. If the tube is above the natural ground, a negative depth must be entered.

In the “Pumping chamber” section (all codes except E, P and V):

• The type of pumping chamber is entered, with 80 characters.

• The diameter contains the diameter of the pumping chamber; the suggested unit is the millimeter.

• The length of the pumping chamber is then entered; the suggested unit is the meter.

In the “Electric” section (E and V codes):

• The linear equation or polynomial equation can be selected with the radio buttons. The linear equation is selected by default.


2019-09-27 PIEZOMETER

• The installation reading R0 is entered (in linear units LU).

• The temperature at installation T0 is entered (in Celsius degrees).

• The barometric pressure at installation B0 is entered (in kPa).

• The thermic coefficient TC is entered (in kPa / Celsius degree).

• The calibration factor CF is entered (in kPa / LU). This coefficient is used with the linear equation.

• The A coefficient is entered (in kPa / LU2). This coefficient is used with the polynomial equation.

• The B coefficient is entered (in kPa / LU). This coefficient is used with the polynomial equation.

• The C coefficient (in kPa) is calculated by Geotec via 0

2

0 BRRAC −−=

Figure 2-41 - PIEZOMETER: Definition of electric piezometers In the “Pneumatic” section (P code):

• Enter an inertia correction factor.

Figure 2-42 - PIEZOMETER: Definition of pneumatic piezometers

33.1. PIEZOMETRIC_LEVEL

The PIEZOMETRIC_LEVEL table is a secondary table to the PIEZOMETER table, and its data are available in the table at the bottom of the piezometer form, by clicking on Piezometric levels. This table is used to enter the piezometric levels recorded. See paragraphs 33 and 33.2 for more details about the piezometers and the seals. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring, Piezometer and Measurement date.

• Site, Boring and Piezometer identify the piezometer with which piezometric levels were read.


PIEZOMETER 2019-09-27

• The measurement date shows when the measurement was taken, with the “yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss” format.

• R1 is the reading. It can be:

For an open tube piezometer (type "T"): the water depth relative to the top of the tube; the suggested unit is the meter.

For an electric piezometer (type "E" or "V"): the reading on the dial, in LU.

For a pneumatic piezometer (type "P"): the pressure reading, in kPa.

• T1 is used for electric piezometers; it is the temperature during the reading.

• B1 is used for electric piezometers; it is the barometric pressure during the reading.

• The pressure (in kPa) is entered or calculated based on the following equations.

For an open tube piezometer (type "T"):

806.9)sin()____( 1 −−= dipRtopdepthtubedepthbottomfilterP

For an electric piezometer (type "E" or "V"):

Linear equation : )()()( 010101 BBTTTCRRCFP −−−−−=

Polynomial equation : )()( 01011

2

1 BBTTTCCBRRAP −−−−++=

For a pneumatic piezometer (type "P"):

inertiaRP −= 1

• The piezometric level (in meters) is entered or calculated based on the following equation:

806.9)sin(__ PdipdepthbottomfilterTNElevation +−=

where TN is the natural ground elevation

** The calculation of the pressure and piezometric level is done based on the R1 value. If R1 is null and a pressure is indicated, the calculation of the piezometric level will be done based on the indicated pressure. **

• Five remarks about the measurement can be added.

• The remark describing the piezometric level has up to 255 characters.


With the Calculate button, the piezometric levels and the pressures are recalculated for all the piezometers retrieved. The values can replace the values already entered, or just the empty fields, depending on the choice of the user in the message displayed.

33.2. PIEZOMETER_SEAL

The PIEZOMETER_SEAL table is a secondary table to the PIEZOMETER table, and its data are available in the table at the bottom of the piezometer form, by clicking on Seals. This table is used to define the various layers of materials used during the installation of the piezometers in a boring. See paragraphs 33 and 33.1 for more details about the piezometers and the piezometric levels. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring, Top and Bottom depths.

• Site and Boring identify the boring for which we define seals, lanterns or filling zones.


2019-09-27 POINT_LOAD

• The top and bottom depths of each seal or lantern are entered; the suggested unit is the meter.

• Material can contain a 40-character string to describe the material of the seal or lantern.

• Code is used to enter a 3-character code associated to the material, based on the simplified classification. The scrolling list shows the materials named S_name defined in the current patterns file (.ptn). In the graphic modules, the seal or lantern will be drawn with the pattern defined for this code.


Figure 2-43 - PIEZOMETER_SEAL: Definition of the stratigraphy of seals

34. POINT_LOAD

This form is used to enter the results of point load tests used to determine the compressive strength of rock samples; information contained in the POINT_LOAD table. This form is part of the Rock description tab in the selection window. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring and Depth.

• Site and Boring contain the site and boring numbers that identify the boring where the cores were taken for the point load tests.


• Depth contains the depth of the measurement; the suggested unit is the meter.

• The suggested test type is either Axial or Diametral.

• Tested by takes a 40-character string. The field has a list showing the values already entered in the POINT_LOAD table.

• The test date is entered with the “yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss” format.

• Orientation is in degrees.

• The specimen diameter is generally in mm.

• The equivalent diameter is entered in mm.

• The width is the dimension perpendicular to the loading direction.

• The failure load is entered, in N.

• The geometric correction factor is entered.

• The break angle is in degrees.


PRESSIOMETER 2019-09-27

• The point load index Is is in MPa.

• The corrected point load index for an equivalent diameter of 50 mm (Is50) is entered in MPa.

Figure 2-44 - POINT_LOAD: Rock compressive strength test




35. PRESSIOMETER

This form is used to enter the measurements done with the pressiometer in a boring; information contained in the PRESSIOMETER table. This form is part of the tab In situ tests in the selection window. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring and Depth.

• Site and Boring contain the site and boring numbers that identify the boring where the pressiometer measurements were taken.


• Depth contains the depth of the measurements of the pressiometric module and pressures; the suggested unit is the meter.

• The test type indicates the test used: the Menard-E (ME) or Menard-G (MG) method.

• The creep pressure is entered; the suggested unit is the kPa.

• The limit pressure is entered; the suggested unit is the kPa.

• The Menard deformation modulus is entered; the suggested unit is the kPa.





2019-09-27 PROCTOR

Figure 2-45 - PRESSIOMETER: Measurements with the pressiometer

36. PROCTOR

This form is used to input the results of a Proctor compaction test done on a sample; information contained in the PROCTOR table. This form is part of the Lab tests tab in the selection window. The PROCTOR table has a secondary table, PROCTOR_POINT. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring and Sample.

• Site, Boring and Sample identify the sample on which the compaction test was done.


• The maximum dry unit weight is not a field in the database. You can enter a value (in kN/m3) and the value of the maximum dry density will be automatically calculated.

• The maximum dry density contains a value expressed in kg/m3. The user can enter a value directly, which calculates the unit weight, or enter the unit weight to calculate the density.

• The optimum water content is expressed in %.

• The degree of saturation is expressed in %. The Calculate button is active and functional in the Lab module when a style file showing the PROCTOR_POINT graph is displayed and values are retrieved. The four values under the label “measured” are calculated based on the points of the compaction curves. The values are copied in the “corrected” fields unless those fields already have values.

• The test type is entered, with the choice of Modified or Standard.

• The method used for the Proctor test is entered, with the choice of A, B, C and D.


• The fields Carried out by and Verified by take 40-character strings. Each of these fields has a list showing the values already entered in the PROCTOR table.



PROCTOR 2019-09-27







When a query is done in the compaction form, the points of the compaction curve recorded for the same sample are displayed in the table at the bottom of the form.

Figure 2-46 - PROCTOR and PROCTOR_POINT: Proctor compaction tests

36.1. PROCTOR_POINT

The PROCTOR_POINT table is a secondary table to the PROCTOR table, and its data are available in the table at the bottom of the compaction form. This table is used to define the curves of a compaction test done on a sample. The compaction curves can only be entered for an existing compaction test. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring, Sample and Water content.

• Site, Boring and Sample have the same role as in the Proctor form. They identify the sample on which the compaction test was done.


2019-09-27 PROJECT

• Water content (W) is in %.

• Density (D) is expressed in kg/m3.

• Smoothing (Z) is used for the smoothing of the compaction curve at the current point. It contains the offset around the point for the curve. With a value of 0, the curve goes through the point; the greater the value, the more the curve is smoothed at the point.


37. PROJECT

This form is used to identify and describe projects; information contained in the PROJECT table. This form is part of the General tab in the selection window, under Administration.

Figure 2-47 - PROJECT: Definition of projects The key for the records consists of the field Project number.

• Project number is a 20-character string.

• The sub-project is used to specify the project definition; with 20 characters.

• The project name is an 80-character string. In the Site and Boring tables which have a “project” field, the scrolling list shows the project numbers and names from the PROJECT table.

• Description contains a string of 255 characters for additions.

• The client number for which the project is done is selected. A list of clients defined in the CLIENT table is available. The field has 20 characters.

• The client name is automatically entered according to the client number selected. The value can be modified; with 255 characters.

• The dossier is a general reference number; with 20 characters.

• The start and end dates of the project are entered with the “yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss” format.

• The project phase is entered; with 12 characters.


PROPERTY_VALUE 2019-09-27

• The project type is entered; with 12 characters.

• The activity code for the project is entered; with 12 characters.

• The ISO version is entered; with 12 characters.

• The ISO procedure is entered; with 12 characters.

• The ISO sequence is entered; with 12 characters.

38. PROPERTY_VALUE

This form is used to enter the values of general properties defined by the user; information contained in the PROPERTY_VALUE table. This form is part of the tabs In situ tests and Lab tests in the selection window. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring, Top depth and Property.

• Site and Boring contain the numbers of the site and boring that identify the boring for which general properties are defined, for in-situ sampling.

• Sample identifies the sample for which general properties are defined, for laboratory sampling. If a sample number is entered, its top and bottom depths are automatically displayed.

In the Property value tab…

• Top and bottom depths contain the top and bottom depths of the sample if it is entered; if the measurements are done in-situ, the top and bottom depths of the measures are entered by the user; the suggested unit is the meter.

• Property takes the code of the property whose values we measure, with 20 characters. The list of codes entered in the PROPERTY_VALUE table is available.

• Two values are entered for the property, in the units chosen by the user.


Figure 2-48 - PROPERTY_VALUE: Definition of general properties In the Management tab…


2019-09-27 REGION

• The fields Carried out by and Verified by take 40-character strings. Each of these fields has a list showing the values already entered in the PROPERTY_VALUE table.





Values of properties can be displayed in the exploration modules, by entering the chosen property in the Series cell of the curve of the PROPERTY_VALUE graph. See the guides of Log, Pro and Site for more details.

39. REGION

This form is used to identify and describe a region and the limits of the domain it covers; information contained in the REGION table. This form is part of the General tab in the selection window, under Administration. The key for the records consists of the field Region.

• The region number is a 20-character string. In the Site table which has a “region” field, the scrolling list shows the region numbers and descriptions from the REGION table.

• The domain of the region is defined. The minimum and maximum easting and northing coordinates surrounding the region are entered.

• The angle valid for the region is generally the declination at the center of the region indicated in the ministerial topographic maps. If the declination is towards the west, the value entered is position; if the declination is towards the east, the value is negative.

• The zone where the region is located is entered.

• The NAD system is indicated. The list suggests NAD27 and NAD83.

• The coordinate system is indicated. The list suggests MTM and UTM.

• The domain of the region can also be defined by entering the east and west longitudes and the north and south latitudes limiting the region.

• The longitude and the latitude of the center of the region (in degrees) can also be used to define the region domain. These values are necessary to see the regions in the Google Maps tool integrated in the modules.

*** With the Calculate button, the center longitudes/latitudes of the regions are calculated for all the regions retrieved by a query. The calculation is done by using the average of the minimum and maximum X and Y coordinates of the region. If the X and Y are not entered, the calculation takes the average of the longitudes and latitudes of the sites that have their region number defined. ***

• Description can contain a string of 255 characters for additions.


ROCK_JOINT 2019-09-27

• A cartographic file can be associated to the region. By clicking on the button right of the field, the file selection window is opened. Its path can be specified: see paragraph 6.3 of chapter 6 of the X3D guide. This cartographic file can be displayed in the Site module.


Figure 2-49 - REGION: Definition of regions

40. ROCK_JOINT

This form is used to enter the description of joints or major structures from a rock core or geocamera film; information contained in the ROCK_JOINT table. This form is part of the Rock description tab in the selection window. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring and Depth.

• Site and Boring contain the site and boring numbers that identify the boring where the cores were taken.


• The average depth of the joint or the top depth of the major structure is entered, in meters.

• We can enter who logged the information about the structure and/or joints; with up to 40 characters.


• Comments can be added, with up to 255 characters.

In the “Major structure” rectangle:

• The length of the major structure is entered, in meters.

• The bottom depth of the major structure is not a field in the database. It is calculated when the user enters the length of the major structure. If the user enters a bottom depth, the length will be calculated.


2019-09-27 ROCK_JOINT

• The number of joints in the major structure is inputted.

• The type of major structure is then entered, with 6 characters.

Figure 2-50 - ROCK_JOINT: Identification of the rock joints or major structures In the “Joint” rectangle:

• The joint type is selected. In Log and Pro, a special display is used to describe the joints, if markers named J_TYPE are available.

• Indicate if the joint is Opened or Closed, and enter the joint opening, in mm.

• Indicate where the joint was read: on the Core or Geocamera.

• If read on the geocamera, this 2-character code indicates the location on the geocamera film.

• Alpha takes the value of the joint angle relative to the core axis, between 0 and 90o.

• Beta takes the value of the azimuth of the joint relative to the core, between 0 and 360o.

• Dip takes the value of the joint angle relative to a horizontal plane, between 0 and 90o.

• Direction is the value of the azimuth of the joint relative to the north, between 0 and 360o. In the Characteristics of the joints tab…

• The joint roughness number Jr, the joint alteration number Ja, the joint condition number Jcon and the joint roughness coefficient Jrc can be inputted.

• The joint shape, its texture, its filling material, its coating material and its color are then entered.

• A number (from 1 to 5) can be entered to represent the joint roughness, the joint weathering, the joint aperture and the joint fill strength.


RUN 2019-09-27

• The set for the joint can be entered, with 10 characters.

Figure 2-51 - ROCK_JOINT: Characteristics of the rock joints

41. RUN

This form is used to enter the description of the runs taken in the borings; information contained in the RUN table. This form is part of the Rock description tab in the selection window. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring, Run.

• Site and Boring contain the site and boring numbers that identify the boring where the cores were taken.

• Run contains the run number, with up to 20 characters.


• The top and bottom depths of the core are entered; the suggested unit is the meter, with up to 3 decimals.

• The run length is not a field in the database. It is calculated when the user enters the bottom depth. If the user enters a length for the core, its bottom depth will be calculated.

• The cumulative length of core pieces (TCR) is not a field of the database. By entering a value, the TCR is automatically calculated.

• The TCR (%) (total core recovery) can be calculated from the length entered, or inputted directly.

• The cumulative length of core pieces greater than 4 inches (RQD) is not a field of the database. By entering a value, the RQD is automatically calculated.

• The RQD (%) can be calculated from the length entered, or inputted directly.

• The field logged by is used to enter the name of the technician who logged the observations about the core.

• Code 1 is used to enter the code of the geologic formation, with 6 characters maximum, based on the rock classification.

• The geologic formation can be entered, with up to 40 characters.

• The logging date of the core is entered with the “yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss” format.

• The user can add comments, with 255 characters.


2019-09-27 RUN


Figure 2-52 - RUN: Identification of the runs In the “Strength and weathering” rectangle, the user enters:

• The weathering level of the rock (W1 to W6)

• The Intact Rock Strength (IRS) (R0 to R6)

• The IRS of the strong rock (R0 to R6)

• The IRS of the weak rock (R0 to R6)

• The percentage of weak rock (%)

In the “Discontinuities” rectangle, the user enters:

• The number of natural joints

• The number of cemented joints

• The cemented joint strength (0 to 2) In the “Micro-defects” rectangle, the user enters:

• The intensity of the micro-defects (0 to 3)

• The strength of the micro-defects (0 to 2) In the Classification tab...


RUN 2019-09-27

In the Barton rectangle, the user enters:

• The number of joints per cubic meter Jv

• The joint set number Jn (between 0.5 and 20)

• The joint roughness number Jr (between 0.5 and 4)

• The joint alteration number Ja (between 0.75 and 24)

• The joint water reduction number Jw (between 0.05 and 1)

• The stress reduction factor SRF (between 0.5 and 400)

• The joint condition number Jcon

• The joint roughness coefficient Jrc (between 0 and 20)

• The rock tunnelling quality index Q (between 0.001 and 1000)

The Barton Q-value is automatically calculated when RQD, Jn, Jr, Ja, Jw and SRF are

all entered, based on the equation where RQD is the maximum

between 10% and the RQD value entered.

Figure 2-53 - RUN: Rock classification In the RMR rectangle, the user enters:

• Ja1 is a parameter evaluating the intact rock strength (between 0 and 15).

• Ja2 is an evaluation parameter based on RQD (between 3 and 20).

• Ja3 is a parameter evaluating the discontinuity spacing (between 5 and 20).

• Ja4 is a parameter evaluating the discontinuity conditions (between 0 and 30).

• Ja5 is a parameter evaluating the groundwater conditions (between 0 and 15).

• Jb is an adjustment parameter based on discontinuity orientation (between -50 and 0).


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• The RMR (rock mass rating) (between 0 and 100)

The RMR is automatically calculated when the values of Ja1, Ja2, Ja3, Ja4, Ja5 and Jb

are all entered, according to: .

In the RMR discontinuity conditions (parameter j4) rectangle, the user enters:

• For 3 sets of joints (angle between 0o and 30o, 30o and 60o, 60o and 90o), the user enters:

The number of joints

Their average angle (alpha)

Their average roughness (1 to 5)

Their average weathering (1 to 5)

Their average aperture (1 to 5)

Their average fill strength (1 to 5)

• The RMR76 (Rock Mass Rating 1976, in %), the RMR89 (Rock Mass Rating 1989, in %) and the RMS (Rock Mass Strength, in MPa) can be entered.

• The quality class is automatically calculated based on the Q-value (see Table 2-2) or the RMR (see Table 2-3).

• The description of the rock quality is automatically entered based on the calculated class, if the classes are defined in LIST_ENG.

Table 2-2 - Rock quality classes (RMR)

RMR 81-100 61-80 41-60 21-40 0-20

Class A B C D E

Description Very good Good Fair Poor Very poor

Table 2-3 - Rock quality classes (Q)

Q

> 4

00

100

< Q

≤ 4

00

40 <

Q ≤

100

10 <

Q ≤

40

4 <

Q ≤

10

1 <

Q ≤

4

0.1

< Q

≤ 1

0.0

1 <

Q ≤

0.1

≤ 0

.01

Class 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Description

Exce

ptio

nn

ally

good

Extre

me

ly g

oo

d

Ve

ry g

oo

d

Go

od

Faire

Po

or

Ve

ry p

oor

Extre

me

ly p

oor

Exce

ptio

na

lly

poor


SAMPLE 2019-09-27

42. SAMPLE

This form is used to describe the samples taken along a boring; information contained in the SAMPLE table. This form is in the filter of the selection window The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring and Sample.

• Site and Boring identify the boring along which the sample was taken.

• Sam. is the generic number of the sample. It is copied in the field Sample. It corresponds to the number of the main sample, and must be entered for a sub-sample to be displayed correctly.

• The sub-sam. number identifies each sub-sample with respect to the main sample; for example, A, B, …. If entered, it is concatenated to the generic number in the field Sample; for example, 12B.

In the boring log, the information associated to a sub-sample is displayed at its average depth; however, all information specific to the main samples (ex: identification, state, recovery, N value, etc.) will not be displayed even if entered for a sub-sample.

• Sample contains the sample number; a 20-character string. It is generally a sequential number that defines the rank in which the sample was taken. This number is generated automatically via the fields Sam. and Sub-sam..

• A depth increment can be entered.

A new sample will be positioned at a depth equal to the sum of the top depth of the current sample and the increment.

o If this value is smaller than the bottom depth of the current sample, it is the bottom depth of the current sample that will be used.

Without an increment, we consider continuous sampling. A new sample will be positioned at a depth equal to the bottom depth of the current sample.

The scrolling list at the bottom of the form displays the list of laboratory tests. The user can click on one of these tables which will open on the values already entered for the current sample, or in “new” mode. The list includes:

• CONCENTRATION – see paragraph 9

• CONSOLIDATION – see paragraph 10

• DENSITY – see paragraph 15

• FALL_CONE – see paragraph 18

• GRAIN_SIZE – see paragraph 20

• GS_SOIL – see paragraph 22

• LIMITS – see paragraph 24

• PROCTOR – see paragraph 36

• PROPERTY_VALUE – see paragraph 38

• SHEAR – see paragraph 46


2019-09-27 SAMPLE

Figure 2-54 - SAMPLE: Description of samples In the Description tab…

• The sample type is a code representing the type of sampler used to extract the sample. It has 3 characters. When a new sample is added, the type of the current sample is copied by default. The codes in the LIST_ENG and LIST_FRE tables of the Geotec database are:

Table 2-4 - Types of samplers in the lists of Geotec

Code Sampler Code Échantillonneur

AS Auger sampler TA Tarière

BS Bulk sample VR En vrac

CT Corer tube TC Tube carottier

DC Diamond rock core CD Carottier à diamant

MA Manual MA Manuel

PS Piston sampler EP Echantillonneur à piston

QC Quality control sample QC Échantillon de contrôle de la qualité

SC Split corer CFH Carottier fendu

SS Split spoon CF Cuillère fendue

ST Thin wall sampler (Shelby) TS Tube à paroi mince (Shelby)

TW Thin wall sampler TM Tube à paroi mince

VI Vibration VI Vibration

WC Water content TE Teneur en eau

WS Wash sample EL Échantillonneur par lavage

X2 Bentonite run X2 Tout-venant bentonite


SAMPLE 2019-09-27

• State contains a value indicating the state of the sample. The field can contain: I for Intact, R for Remolded, P for Lost, C for Core. It is used in Log, Pro and Site to symbolize the samples.

• The top depth of the sample is entered; the suggested unit is the meter, with up to 3 decimals. When a new sample is added, the top depth is suggested by default, based on the depth increment.

• The sample length is entered, or it can be calculated by entering the bottom depth. When a new sample is added, the length of the current sample is copied by default.

• The bottom depth of the sample is not a field in the database. It is calculated when the user enters the length. If the user enters a bottom depth, the length will be calculated.

• The USCS classification can be entered for the sample. It can also be calculated directly in the Lab module, when grain size analyses and/or Atterberg limits are recorded.

If the USCS field is displayed in Log, Pro or Site, the color of the material of code U defined in the MATERIAL table for the SPEC site is shown, or the pattern starting with “U_” can be displayed. See paragraph 14 of the Log guide for more information.

• N1 to N6 are used to enter the number of blows necessary for the sampler to penetrate for every 6 inches.

• The user can enter a remark on N; with 40 characters.

• N contains the standard penetration value; this value is the sum of N2 and N3. The N value is automatically entered when N2 and N3 are inputted; the user can modify it.

All N values are integers.

• The recovery length is not a field in the database. By entering a value, the recovery (%) is automatically calculated.

• The recovery (in %) can be calculated from the length provided, or entered directly. If the recovery is 0%, Log, Pro and Site will symbolize the state of the sample as ‘Lost’.

• The cumulative length of core pieces greater than 4 inches (RQD) is not a field of the database. By entering a value, the RQD is automatically calculated.

• The RQD (%) can be calculated from the length provided, or inputted directly.

• The caliber is used to note the caliber of the casing or core used; with 10 characters.

• The driving energy can then be entered.

• The sample description can be entered manually, with up to 255 characters. The selection matrix can also be used to produce the description automatically. See paragraph 45.

In the Properties tab…

• Organic matter and VOC are texts of 8 characters to describe their presence and/or note their concentration.

• The olfactory and visual observations are used to indicate, with 4 characters, organoleptic observations in the sample.

• Chemical analyses is used to describe the chemical analyses done on the sample, with 255 characters.


2019-09-27 SAMPLE

Figure 2-55 - SAMPLE: Properties of samples

• Tests is used to describe other tests done on the sample; with 255 characters.

• The rock strength is then entered; with 20 characters.

• The fragmentation degree of the sample is provided.

• The number of joints observed in the sample is entered; an integer.

• The joint set number takes the Jn value.

• Weathering contains information about the weathering of the sample, or the joints; with 20 characters.


• The fields Sampled by, Compiled by and Verified by are used to enter the names of the technician, the person who compiled all the information, and the inspector during sampling.

• We can associate a photo to the sample by entering its number or file name, with 255 characters. By clicking on the button to the right of the field, the file selection window is opened. Its path can be specified: see paragraph 6.3 of chapter 6 of the X3D guide.

• The tube number for intact samples is entered, with 10 characters.

• The duplicate field indicates if a duplicate of the sample exists.

• Remark contains a string of 255 characters to add information about the sample.

• The sampling date is entered with the “yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss” format.


• The calculation date of the data has the “yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss” format. It is automatically inserted when the calculation of the borrow pit depths is done (Calculate option).

• Category is used to categorize the sample, with 20 characters.



SAMPLER 2019-09-27

Figure 2-56 - SAMPLE: Management information

• For the estimation of the borrow pit, the borrow pit material, and its top and bottom depths are entered; the suggested unit is the meter.

The list of materials contains all the materials of “Strata” type defined in the MATERIAL table for the SPEC site. If the Material field is displayed in Log, Pro or Site, the color of the material of code S defined in the MATERIAL table for the SPEC site is displayed.

With the Calculate button, the top and bottom depths of the borrow pit are calculated and displayed. The values are the top and bottom depths of the layer in which the sample was taken. If the sample overlaps two layers, no borrow pit values are entered. The values can replace the values already entered, or just the empty fields, depending on the choice of the user in the message displayed.

Dummy samples for grain size envelopes (see paragraph 48)

The Lab module can display grain size envelopes. Each point of an envelope curve is defined in the GRAIN_SIZE _POINT table and associated to a dummy site named “SPEC”, to a dummy boring identifying the envelope, and to a “MIN” or “MAX” sample depending on the curve. Each MIN or MAX sample must be associated to the SPEC site and to the boring whose number if the code representing the material for which the envelope is defined (for example, F2A for filter 2A). The depth of the MIN samples must be 0; the depth of the MAX samples, 1. The length of the MIN and MAX samples must be 1.

43. SAMPLER

The SAMPLER table is available for users of the obsolete Oracle forms. The table is available by clicking on the button labelled Samplers in the General tab of the selection window. The table is used to define types of samplers, used in previous versions as the list for “type” in the SAMPLE table. The 4 fields are self-descriptive.

44. SEL

This form is used to define groups of records; i.e. a selection containing records defined in advance; information contained in the SEL table. This form is available via the retrieval option


2019-09-27 SEL

Group of Borings of the Data menu or in the application toolbar. The SEL table has five secondary tables, SEL_SITE, SEL_AXIS, SEL_BORING, SEL_SAMPLE and SEL_PIEZO. The Add button is only active once a query was done, with all graphic modules. See chapter 7 of the X3D guide for more details. The key for the records consists of the field Selection number.

• The selection number is a 20-character field identifying the group of records.

• Description contains a string of 255 characters to describe the selection.

• Reference site is a 20-character field, which automatically displays the site of the record selected in the bottom table.

• Reference boring is a 20-character field, which automatically displays the boring of the record selected in the bottom table, if applicable.

44.1. SEL_SITE

The SEL_SITE table is a secondary table to the SEL table, and its data are available in the table at the bottom of the selection form, by clicking on the Site tab. This table is used to define the records of sites for the current selection. The key for the records consists of the fields Selection number and Site.

44.2. SEL_AXIS

The SEL_AXIS table is a secondary table to the SEL table, and its data are available in the table at the bottom of the selection form, by clicking on the Axis tab. This table is used to define the records of axes for the current selection. The key for the records consists of the fields Selection number, Site and Axis.

Figure 2-57 - SEL: Definition of groups of records


Selection matrix 2019-09-27

44.3. SEL_BORING

The SEL_BORING table is a secondary table to the SEL table, and its data are available in the table at the bottom of the selection form, by clicking on the Boring tab. This table is used to define the records of borings for the current selection. The key for the records consists of the fields Selection number, Site and Boring.

44.4. SEL_SAMPLE

The SEL_SAMPLE table is a secondary table to the SEL table, and its data are available in the table at the bottom of the selection form, by clicking on the Sample tab. This table is used to define the records of samples for the current selection. The key for the records consists of the fields Selection number, Site, Boring and Piezometer.

44.5. SEL_PIEZO

The SEL_PIEZO table is a secondary table to the SEL table, and its data are available in the table at the bottom of the selection form, by clicking on the Piezometer tab. This table is used to define the records of piezometers for the current selection. The key for the records consists of the fields Selection number, Site, Boring and Piezometer.

45. SELECTION MATRIX

The selection matrix is opened via the button located right of the Description field of the Sample (see paragraph 42) and Stratigraphy (see paragraph 50) form. The matrix is used to describe the soil and create its description automatically.

45.1. Duplicate previous

The button Duplicate previous is used to copy the information from the matrix of the record that immediately precedes in depth. The description is also copied, even if it was manually modified. You can then make adjustments and click OK to insert the information in the current record.

45.2. Selection of materials

45.2.1. Fill

When the Fill checkbox is selected, the word ‘Fill:’ is written at the beginning of the description. 45.2.2. Scrolling list of materials

The scrolling list at the top right of the window presents simplified classification materials that can be selected individually. Only one can apply per sample or layer. When a material is selected, the matrix is reset. 45.2.3. Simplified classification

The table can be used to select the simplified classification of the soil. The first material selected is automatically set to ‘Main’. Also, only two materials can be selected as ‘Main’; the third being automatically set to ‘Adjective’ for a maximum of 100% material. The remove a material selection, touch the radio button again. If a material was selected in the scrolling list, the matrix is reset.


2019-09-27 Selection matrix

45.2.4. Presence

You can check if there was a presence of cobbles, boulders, organic matter and / or debris. 45.2.5. Code and proportion

The codes corresponding to the materials in the scrolling list, the table and the presences are indicated at the top of the matrix. Up to 6 materials can be selected. The proportions are also indicated, with the first number corresponding to the first code, etc. The patterns associated to the codes and proportions are displayed in the log.

• A main material (from the table or the scrolling list) has a proportion of 1 (> 35%)

• An adjective has a proportion of 2 (20-35%)

• ‘Some’ has a proportion of 3 (10-20%)

• ‘Traces’ or ‘Presence’ has a proportion of 4 (< 10%)

Figure 2-58 - Selection matrix: Soil description


SHEAR 2019-09-27

45.3. Color

The color can be entered. It is concatenated to the description. A list of the colors entered in the database is also available.

45.4. Compaction or consistency

Up to two radio buttons can be selected under compaction or under consistency. The range of compaction or consistency is concatenated to the description. If the N-value is entered in the sample definition, the corresponding degree of compaction is automatically selected based on the following table.

N-value Compaction

Less than 4 Very loose

4-10 Loose

10-30 Compact

30-50 Dense

50 and more Very dense

45.5. Moisture

Up to two radio buttons can be selected under moisture. The range of moisture is concatenated to the description.

45.6. Description

The soil description is generated based on the selections in the matrix. The description can also be modified manually. If the description was manually modified, it is then displayed in red in the selection matrix, indicating that it is different than the automatically generated description. The user can refresh the description based on the selections with the Refresh button.

46. SHEAR

This form is used to record the characteristics and results of shear strength tests done on a sample; information contained in the SHEAR table. This form is part of the Lab tests tab in the selection window. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring and Sample.

• Site, Boring and Sample identify the sample on which the shear strength test was done.

In the Identification tab, we define the test and sample characteristics.

• The test number is can be inputted; with 20 characters.

• The test type is entered. The proposed types are the consolidated drained test (CD), the consolidated undrained test (CU), the direct shear test (DIR) and the unconsolidated undrained test (UU). The description of the selected type is automatically displayed.

• Sigma’3 is the lateral pressure, in kPa. This field is not used if the test type is “UU”.

• The loading rate is entered, in mm/min.


2019-09-27 SHEAR

• The backpressure is in kPa.

• The rupture shape can be selected. The description of the rupture shape is automatically displayed.

• The sample unit weight is entered, in kN/m3.

• The sample density is in kg/m3.

• W0 is the initial water content of the sample, in percentage.

• Wf (top), Wf (middle) and Wf (bottom) take the final water content at the top, middle and bottom of the sample, in percentage.

Figure 2-59 - SHEAR: Shear strength tests In the Results tab…

Figure 2-60 - SHEAR: Results of shear strength tests For the CD, CU and UU tests, the following values at the peak and at the largest deformation are entered:

• q’ is the deviatoric effective stress (kPa)

• p’ is the mean effective stress (kPa)


SITE 2019-09-27

• E is the strain (%)

• u* is the pore water pressure (kPa). The values of u* are not entered for CD and UU tests.

For the DIR tests, the following values are entered:

• Tau is the shear stress (kPa)

• Sigma n’ is the normal effective stress (kPa) In the Management tab…

• The fields Carried out by and Verified by take 40-character strings. Each of these fields has a list showing the values already entered in the SHEAR table.

• The fields Test date and Verification date are entered in the “yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss” format.


• The group number is used to enter an identification of 20 characters grouping the shear strength tests of same type and associated to the same site.



By clicking on the Interpretation button, the form for the interpretation of a group of shear strength tests is opened. See paragraph 52.

47. SITE

This form is used to identify and describe a site, and define the limits of the domain it covers; information contained in the SITE table. This form is in the filter of the selection window. The Limit<, Domain< and Map buttons are only active with the Site module. Limit< is used to define a polygonal limit directly with the mouse. Domain< is used to define the domain directly with the mouse. Map is used to edit the map in details. See the guide of the Site module for more details. The key for the records consists of the field Site.

• Site number is a 20-character string.

The scrolling list at the bottom of the form displays a list of general tables. The user can click on one of these tables which will open on the values already entered, or in “new” mode. The list includes:

• AXIS – see paragraph 2

• BORING – see paragraph 3

• CLIENT – see paragraph 6

• CONTRACT – see paragraph 12

• PROJECT – see paragraph 37

• REGION – see paragraph 39

You cannot delete a site if other records in the database refer to it.


2019-09-27 SITE

Figure 2-61 - SITE: Site identification In the Identification tab…

• The type of site is used to categorize the site, with up to 3 characters.

• The municipal code can be entered. The list of codes and names entered in the MUNICIPALITY table is available.

• The geologic province where the site is located can be selected.

• The client for whom the work is done can be entered. The list of clients defined in the CLIENT table is available. The field has 20 characters.

• The project number for the current site is entered. The list of projects defined in the PROJECT table is available. The field has 20 characters.

• The contract number associated to the current site is entered. The list of contracts defined in the CONTRACT table is available. The field has 20 characters.

• The region number in which the site is located can be entered. The list of regions defined in the REGION table is available. The field has 20 characters.

• A plan number contains the number of the main plan in which the site is found. This number has up to 40 characters.

• A structure number is entered with 20 characters.

• The description is used to add information about the site, with 255 characters.

In the Location tab…

• The position of the site’s origin, i.e. the bottom left corner, is defined by its easting and northing coordinates (in meters).

If the zone, the coordinate and NAD systems are defined for the site, the longitude and latitude are automatically calculated when the user enters the easting and the northing. When the width, height and angle are entered, the calculation includes these values to obtain the longitude and latitude of the site center.


SITE 2019-09-27

• The dimensions of the site are defined, with its width and its height; the suggested unit is the meter.

Figure 2-62 - SITE: Site location

• The location of the site can be described in details with 255 characters.

• System is used to indicate the coordinate system: either UTM or MTM.

• NAD indicates the NAD projection system: either NAD27 or NAD83.

• The zone where the site is located is entered.

• The angle is the orientation of the site domain with respect to the geographic north. It takes a value between 0 and 360 degrees.

• The longitude and the latitude (in degrees) can also be used to define the site domain. These values are necessary to see the sites in the Google Maps tool integrated in the modules.

*** With the Calculate button, the longitudes/latitudes are calculated for all the sites retrieved by a query. The calculation is done by using the X and Y coordinates of the site; and its width, height and angle if available. If the X and Y are not entered, the calculation takes the average of the longitudes and latitudes of all borings of the site. ***

In the Management tab...

• A cartographic file can be associated to the site. By clicking on the button to the right of the field, the file selection window is opened. Its path can be specified: see paragraph 6.3 of chapter 6 of the X3D guide. The cartographic information will be displayed as background in the plan views in the Pro and Site modules. .sit files are generally used.

• Grouping is used to group sites; with 5 characters.

• The unit system is selected, either SI (international system) or IM (imperial system).

Figure 2-63 - SITE: Management information

• The archiving code is noted with character A for ‘archived’. When a site is archived, it is not possible to insert, modify or delete any of its data.


2019-09-27 Specifications

• The archiving date is entered with the “yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss” format.

• You can enter who archived the site, with 40 characters.

• A remark about archiving can be entered, with 255 characters.

• Category is used to categorize the site, with 20 characters.


Dummy site for grain size envelopes (see paragraph 48) The Lab module can display grain size envelopes. Each point of an envelope curve is defined in the GRAIN_SIZE_POINT table and associated to a dummy site named “SPEC”, to a dummy boring identifying the envelope, and to a “MIN” or “MAX” sample depending on the curve. The site record “SPEC” is limited to this number.

48. SPECIFICATIONS

The specifications window is used to facilitate the management of the data defining grain size envelopes. This form is called with the Envelopes button of the Grain Size entry form, and from the Sieves tab from the options window in the Lab module. These data constitute the envelope curves displayed by the Lab module. These are percentages passing through different sieves entered in the GRAIN_SIZE_POINT table, associated to:

• the dummy site SPEC

• dummy borings identifying the envelope, for example, 2A, MOR, etc.

• MIN and MAX dummy samples

Figure 2-64 - Specifications window

These records are automatically created when we define new grain size envelopes. At the top of the entry form:

• The material identifies the envelope. A value is required. These values correspond to borings of the SPEC site.


STRATI_CODE 2019-09-27

• The description of the envelope can be entered.

At the bottom of the entry form, the user defines the MIN and MAX curves of the grain size envelope.

• The Size column is used to enter the diameters of the sieves with which the envelope percentages are defined.

• The Min Passing and Max Passing columns are used to enter the percentages passing through the various sieves forming the grain size curves limiting the envelope. They correspond to the grain size curves of the MIN and MAX samples of the envelope, respectively.

If a record exists in the MATERIAL table for the SPEC site, the Strata type and the envelope material (for example: 2B), the color defined for the material will be used to display the corresponding envelope.

49. STRATI_CODE

The STRATI_CODE table is available for users of the obsolete Oracle forms. The table is available by clicking on the button labelledStratigraphic in the General tab of the selection window. The table is used to define stratigraphic codes, used in the previous versions for the list in the STRATIGRAPHY table. In version 8, the codes of the patterns file are used as the list. The 4 fields are self-descriptive.

50. STRATIGRAPHY

This form is used to describe the stratigraphy along a boring; information contained in the STRATIGRAPHY table. This form is part of the tabs Soil description and Rock description in the selection window. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring, Top depth and Classification type.

• Site and Boring contain the site and boring numbers that identify the boring for which we describe the stratigraphy.

• The classification type is entered. The codes can be:

End of boring (E): this code is used to add a personalized description explaining the conditions of the end of the boring, which will be displayed at the bottom of the boring log produced by the Log module. See the user guide of Log for more details.

Rock

Simplified

Text: this code is used to display a remark at any depth from the top, without having to define a dummy layer. See the user guide of Log for more details.

Unified

• The top depth is the depth of the upper limit of the stratigraphic layer; the suggested unit is the meter.

• The bottom depth is the depth of the lower limit of the stratigraphic layer; the suggested unit is the meter. The entry of the bottom depth is necessary to display the stratigraphic patterns when the classification type is “S”, “U” or “R” in the Log, Pro and Site modules.


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Figure 2-65 - STRATIGRAPHY: Description of the layers

• Code is used to define with codes the materials constituting the layers. The use of this field varies with the classification type selected.

For the classification of type End of boring (E): code is not used. However, if the user wants to show that the boring stopped on bedrock, he will use a Code of R for the record of type E, which will display a symbol for bedrock in the boring log.

For the classification of type Rock: the user defines the dominant rock material. The scrolling list shows the materials named R_name defined in the current patterns file (.ptn). A large number of patterns of type R are found in the geotec8.ptn patterns file.

For the Simplified classification: the user can define up to 6 materials constituting the stratum. The scrolling list shows the materials named S_name defined in the current patterns file (.ptn). The selection matrix can be used to describe the soil layer. See paragraph 45.

For the classification of type Text: code is not used.

For the Unified classification: the user defines the material constituting the stratum. The scrolling list shows the materials named U_name defined in the current patterns file (.ptn). The materials of type U found in the geotec8.ptn patterns file are presented in table 2-5.

Table 2-5 - Unified classification

Symbol Component Symbol Component

GP Poorly graded gravel OL Organic silt

GW Well graded gravel MH Highly plastic silt

SP Poorly graded sand CH Highly plastic clay

SW Well graded sand OH Organic clay

ML Low plasticity silt Pt Peat

CL Low plasticity clay

• The Proportion field is only used for a layer of classification S. It is used to enter the relative proportion of the corresponding materials indicated in Code. It can therefore have 6 numbers maximum.


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1 means the dominant material

2 means a lower abundance of a material

3 means “with a bit of”

4 means “with traces of”

For example, a gravelly sand with a bit of cobbles and traces of clay would be written as: Code = SGQC and Proportion: 1234

The Log, Pro and Site modules will use the Codes and Proportions to display the stratigraphic symbols representing each layer.

• The field Line (and CODE3, previously used for this function) is used to define the type of separation line at the top depth of the current layer in a boring log.

“L0” removes the separation line

“L1” is a solid line

“L2” is a dotted line

“L3” is a dashed line

• In the Material field, a 20-character code identifies the layer of material for interpolation of the strata. The list contains all the materials of “Strata” type defined in the MATERIAL table for the SPEC site. If the Material field is displayed in Log, Pro or Site, the color of the material of code S defined in the MATERIAL table for the SPEC site is displayed.

• The wet density of the strata is entered, in kg/m3. It is used as second option in the calculations of the SBT in the CPTU entry form, for type of density ‘P’. See paragraph 14.

• Another classification on the gradation, grain size or plasticity of the sample can be selected (3 characters).

• The percentage of cobbles of the layer can be entered and can be used in the Lab module to correct the grain size curves.

• The percentage of boulders of the layer can be entered and can be used in the Lab module to correct the grain size curves.

• The maximum observed dimension for the boulders or cobbles is entered generally in mm.

• The layer description can be entered manually, with up to 255 characters. It is also automatically generated based on the values in Code and Prop. The selection matrix can also be used to produce the description automatically. See paragraph 45. The Calculate button regenerates the description based on the codes selected.

• The type of deposit can be selected. It is a 2-character field.

• The geologic formation can be selected. It is a 3-character field.

• The geologic group can be selected. It is a 2-character field.

• The fields Property 1 to 4 can contain a 2-character code to describe 4 properties of the stratum.


• The calculation date of the data has the “yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss” format. It is automatically inserted when the calculation of layer descriptions is done (Calculate option).

• The priority is a numeric value used to define the priority of the layer relative to the deposition sequence.


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51. TRENCH

This form is used to describe the test pits and/or trenches; information contained in the TRENCH table. This form is part of the Soil description tab in the selection window. The key for the records consists of the fields Site and Boring.

• Site and Boring identify the test pit or trench. “Trench” will be used hereinafter.

• The length and width of the trench are entered; the suggested unit is the meter.

• The azimuth (orientation) of the trench is entered, in degrees.

• The stripping thickness and the exploitable height indicate respectively the thickness of the ground that was stripped before doing the boring, and the thickness of the exploitable material. The suggested unit is the meter. This information is useful in the analysis of borrow pits.

• The estimated percentages of cobbles and boulders found in the trench are entered. More details can be provided in the COBBLE or STRATIGRAPHY table (paragraphs 7 and 50).

• At the bottom of the entry form, Remark can contain a string of 255 characters to add information about the trench.


In excavation...

• The method or excavation equipment is entered with 40 characters.

• A description of the bucket used can be entered with 40 characters.

• The wall stability can be described with 255 characters.

• A description of the excavation conditions is entered; with 255 characters.

• Refusal conditions is used to indicate with a 1-character code the type of refusal during the excavation; for example: “R” for refusal on rock, “B” for refusal on boulder, etc.

In ground…

• The ground state is a 40-character field, showing for example its moisture.

• The woodland density is a 40-character field.

• The slope type is a 40-character field, indicating for example its incline.

• The topography is a 40-character field.

• The surface soil is a 40-character field.

In oxidation...

• In top and bottom, enter the top and bottom depths of the oxidized zone; the suggested unit is the meter.


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• A description of the oxidation conditions is entered with 255 characters.

In water...

• The depth of the water inflow is entered; the suggested unit is the meter.

• A description of the water conditions is entered; with 255 characters.

Figure 2-66 - TRENCH: Definition of the test pits and exploration trenches In photo...

• The photo number is entered, with up to 255 characters. By clicking on the button to the right of the field, the file selection window is opened. Its path can be specified: see paragraph 6.3 of chapter 6 of the X3D guide. If a file is provided (.bmp, .gif, .jpg, .tif, etc.), its content can be display by the Log module if an Image object is associated to this field in the style file.

• The described surface of the trench is provided with 40 characters.

• A photo description can be added with 255 characters.


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52. TRIAXIAL

This form is used for the interpretation of a group of shear strength tests; information contained in the TRIAXIAL table. It is opened from the shear strength form. The key for the records consists of the fields Site and Group.

• Site and Group identify the group of shear strength tests. The list of group numbers saved for the site in the SHEAR table is available.


• The test type can be inputted. The types are the same as in SHEAR (CD, CU, DIR or UU). The description of the selected type is automatically displayed.

• c and c’ are the cohesion and the effective cohesion, respectively.

• Phi and Phi’ are the total and effective friction angle, respectively.

• Remark contains a string of 255 characters to describe the group of tests.

Figure 2-67 - TRIAXIAL: Interpretation of groups of shear strength tests In the Management tab…

• The fields Carried out by and Verified by take 40-character strings. Each of these fields has a list showing the values already entered in the TRIAXIAL table.





By clicking on the Shear strength button, the shear strength form is opened, if it had been closed.


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53. TUNNEL

The Tunnel form is used to enter monitoring data during tunnel construction. The form is only available in the Pro module, when TUN_ tables exist in the database. The form can be opened from the Data menu (Entry option) or with the button in the application toolbar. The Tunnel form includes several tables: the AXIS table as well as the tables TUN_SECTION, TUN_EXCAVATION, TUN_RETAINING, TUN_PERFORMANCE, TUN_LITHOLOGY, TUN_GEOSTRUCTURE, TUN_HYDROGEOLOGY, and TUN_CLASSIFICATION. To define Tunnel data, an axis must be created beforehand, with its turning points in AXIS_PI, its material RAFT in AXIS_STRATA, and the raft’s elevation points based on chainage in AXIS_PROFILE. See paragraph 2 for all details. Based on the tab selected, the Codes button opens the LIST_ENG table with the different choices of values for the current table.

Figure 2-68 - TUNNEL: Monitoring during tunnel construction

53.1. TUN_SECTION

The TUN_SECTION table is available by clicking on the Section tab. This table is used to define the geometry of each tunnel section. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Axis and Start chainage (CHAINAGE_S).


• Chainage_s contains the chainage at the beginning of the section; the suggested unit is the meter. The chainage is double precision with 3 decimals.


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• Chainage_e contains the chainage at the beginning of the section; the suggested unit is the meter. The chainage is double precision with 3 decimals.

• The final conduit diameter is entered. The diameter is used to display the section in Pro if the height isn’t entered.

• The final conduit height is entered. The height is used by default to display the section in Pro.

• For each section, the conduit shape is entered.

• A plan number is used to enter the reference plan containing the information. This number can have up to 40 characters.

53.2. TUN_EXCAVATION

The TUN_EXCAVATION table is available by clicking on the Excavation tab. This table is used to enter information about the excavation methods used during the tunnel construction. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Axis and Start chainage (CHAINAGE_S).




• The excavation method used for the tunnel section is entered. Among these, the methods by tunnel boring machine, by drilling and blasting, and mechanic methods are frequent.

• The excavation equipment used is entered.

• The factor explo represents the weight of explosive, in kg, required to break one cubic meter of rock.

• The load blast represents the weight of explosive, in kg, per blast.

• The length of boreholes containing explosives is entered.

• The average distance from the blast to a geophone or to a structure that can undergo vibrations is entered, in meters.

• The vibration velocities are entered, in mm/s. This applies mainly to excavation methods by drilling and blasting because they create vibrations.

• The TBM type is entered.

• The power of the TBM head is entered, in HP.

• The thrust of the TBM is entered, in kg.

• The diameter of the TBM or blast round is entered, in meters.

• The type and number of blades used at the TBM head are entered.

• All handling operations done on the excavation equipment are entered.

• The reference document number can be entered.

• The reference document description can be entered.


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53.3. TUN_RETAINING

The TUN_RETAINING table is available by clicking on the Retaining tab. This table is used to enter information about the type of retaining work and its characteristics. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Axis and Start chainage (CHAINAGE_S).




• There can be up to 5 types of retaining works per section.

The type of retaining work used for the section.

The number of retaining elements in the section.

Any additional characteristic on the retaining work associated to the section. It is generally the measurement unit associated to the Number that is entered.



53.4. TUN_PERFORMANCE

The TUN_PERFORMANCE table is available by clicking on the Performance tab. This table contains data about the performance during the tunnel construction works. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Axis and Start chainage (CHAINAGE_S).




• The progress rate corresponds to the length excavated per work day. This progress rate is entered in length per time (meters per day).

• The simultaneous progress rate is the combined rate of all excavation works done at the same time. This rate depends on the number of excavations done simultaneously. This progress rate is entered in length per time (meters per day).

• The penetration rate of TBM operation is entered in meters per day of use of the TBM. This rate is useful to better represent the performances associated to given bedrock.

• The locations of rock or ground failures are entered, as well as the type of failures.

• The locations of gas inflow are detailed.

• The swelling materials used and their effects on the work performance are entered.


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• The structures near the excavation and requiring precautions affecting the duration of the works are written.

• Any other information relevant to the work performance can be written.



53.5. TUN_LITHOLOGY

The TUN_LITHOLOGY table is available by clicking on the Lithology tab. This table is used to describe the stratigraphic units encountered during the tunnel construction. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Axis and Start chainage (CHAINAGE_S).




• The lithology provides a description of the rock encountered during tunneling. It is a detailed macroscopic description.

• The state of the rock is defined. It can be altered, sound, fractured, homogeneous, etc.

• The lithostratigraphic (geological) formation of the rock can be entered.



53.6. TUN_GEOSTRUCTURE

The TUN_GEOSTRUCTURE table is available by clicking on the Geostructure tab. This table gathers all information about the structural elements listed during the tunnel construction. It is information about the types of discontinuities. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Axis and Start chainage (CHAINAGE_S).




• The number of joints or discontinuities in the section is written.

• The type of joint or discontinuity in the section is written.

• The joint or fracture aperture (opening) is expressed in mm.

• The average spacing between each discontinuity is entered, in meters.

• The direction of the discontinuities is expressed in degrees relative to the North. The values can vary from 0 to 360 degrees.


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• The dip of the discontinuities is expressed in degrees relative to a horizontal plan. The values can vary from 0 to 90 degrees.



53.7. TUN_HYDROGEOLOGY

The TUN_HYDROGEOLOGY table is available by clicking on the Hydrogeology tab. This table is used to describe the water conditions encountered during the tunnel construction. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Axis and Start chainage (CHAINAGE_S).




• Hydrogeology describes the type of water flow on the tunnel walls. It can be humid zones, seepage, or more important water inflow.

• The measured flow rate of the listed water inflows is entered, in L/min.



53.8. TUN_CLASSIFICATION

The TUN_CLASSIFICATION table is available by clicking on the Classification tab. This table includes parameters to determine the quality class of the tunnel rock mass according to two geomechanical classification systems, the RMR and the Q-value systems. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Axis and Start chainage (CHAINAGE_S).




• If the user uses the Barton classification system (Q-value):

Jv is the number of joints per cubic meter, where where n is the number of

discontinuity systems and Δmi is the average real spacing of group I, expressed in meters.

RQD is a modified relative recovery value obtained on borehole cores. The following relationship is used if Jv is entered : RQD = 115 – 3,3 Jv

Jn is a parameter evaluating the number of discontinuity systems in the rock mass.

Jr is a parameter evaluating the discontinuity roughness.


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Ja is a parameter evaluating the alteration state of the discontinuities.

Jw is a parameter evaluating the groundwater conditions.

SRF is a reduction factor taking into account the presence of shear zones, clay zones, stress level and swelling or flowing materials.

The Q-value is automatically calculated when the values of RQD, Jn, Jr, Ja, Jw and SRF

are all entered, according to: .

• If the user uses the RMR classification system:

Ja1 is a parameter evaluating the intact rock strength.

Ja2 is an evaluation parameter based on RQD.

Ja3 is a parameter evaluating the discontinuity spacing.

Ja4 is a parameter evaluating the discontinuity conditions.

Ja5 is a parameter evaluating the groundwater conditions.

Jb is an adjustment parameter based on discontinuity orientation.

The RMR (rock mass rating) is automatically calculated when the values of Ja1, Ja2, Ja3, Ja4, Ja5 and Jb are all entered, according to:

.

• The quality class is automatically calculated based on the Q-value (see Table 2-2) or the RMR (see Table 2-3).

• The description of the rock quality is automatically entered based on the calculated class, if the classes are defined in LIST_ENG.



54. UCS

This form is used to enter the results of unconfined compressive strength tests for a rock sample; information contained in the UCS table. This form is part of the Rock description tab in the selection window. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring and Sample.

• Site, Boring and Sample identify the sample on which the unconfined compressive strength test was done.

• The height of the test specimen is entered in mm.

• The diameter of the test specimen is entered in mm.

• The mass of the test specimen is entered in g.

• The water content of the test specimen is entered in %.

• The dry density of the test specimen is entered in g/cm3.

• The material’s Young’s modulus is entered in MPa.


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• The material’s Poisson’s ratio is entered.

• The maximum load at failure is entered, in N.

Figure 2-69 - UCS: Unconfined compressive strength test

• The deformation is the decrease in height of the specimen due to compression, in mm.

• The compressive strength is entered, in MPa.

• The failure type is entered with a 2-character code.

• The angle of the fracture plane is in degrees.

• Tested by takes a 40-character string. The field has a list showing the values already entered in the UCS table.






55. VANE

This form is used to define the context of vane resistance measurements; information contained in the VANE table. This form is part of the tab In situ tests in the selection window. The VANE table has a secondary table, VANE_POINT The key for the records consists of the fields Site and Boring.

• Site and Boring identify the boring on which vane tests were done.


2019-09-27 VANE

• The apparatus number is entered, with up to 20 characters.

• The type of blade indicates its dimensions, for example; with 40 characters.


• The most recent calibration date is entered with the “yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi:ss” format.

• The K calibration coefficient of the apparatus is entered, with 3 decimals.

• The depth of the upper limit of the clay layer is entered; the suggested unit is the meter.



When a query is done in the vane form, the vane resistance measurements for the same boring are displayed in the table at the bottom of the form.

Figure 2-70 - VANE and VANE_POINT: Vane test

55.1. VANE_POINT

The VANE_POINT table is a secondary table to the VANE table, and its data are available in the table at the bottom of the Vane form. This table is used to define the measurements of vane resistance in various borings. The vane tests can only be entered for an existing boring. The key for the records consists of the fields Site, Boring and Depth.

• Site and Boring have the same role as in the Vane form. They identify the boring on which vane resistance measurements were taken.

• Depth is used to enter the depth of the vane resistance measurement; the suggested unit is the meter.

• The maximum shear strength SU (unremolded soil) is entered. The suggested unit is the kPa.


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• The residual shear strength SUR (remolded soil) is entered. The suggested unit is the kPa.

• The sensitivity to remoulding ST is the ratio of the intact strength to the remoulded strength. The sensitivity is automatically calculated when both shear strengths are entered.



56. DATA ADMINISTRATOR

The following tables are not geotechnical tables but are used to parametrize the database and the Geotec modules. We do not recommend making any modification.

56.1. REPORT

The REPORT table is used to define the general configuration parameters of the data entry forms.

• TNAME contains the name of the table whose configuration we are editing.

• RNAME contains the configuration name. The FORM_DEF configuration is the default one. If a customized format “name” is added in the preferences (see paragraph 6.2.5 of chapter 6 of X3D), RNAME is then FORM_DEF_name.

The following fields are used only to create specific reports.

• RTYPE contains the report type: Excel (csv), Tabular, Personal, Block, Export.

• FTYPE contains the file extension.

• HEADER contains the title of the data blocks in the file.

• HEADER_ON indicates the origin of the column titles: the field names (0) or the title values (1), entered in the REPORT_COL table in the fields CNAME and TITLE respectively.

• UNDERLINE contains the string of underlining characters for the column titles.

• SEPARATOR contains the string of characters separating the columns.

• NULL_VALUE contains the replacement value for values missing globally.

• TITLE_ON indicates if the report title is displayed. no (0) or yes (1).

• TITLE indicates the title of the report.


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Figure 2-71 - REPORT and REPORT_COL: Configuration of forms and reports 56.1.1. REPORT_COL

The REPORT_COL table is used to define the configuration of the fields of the data entry forms.

• CNAME contains the field name.

• COL_NO contains the field number.

• DATATYPE indicates the type of data.

• LENGTH contains the length of the field expressed in characters.

• RANK indicates the order of the field, 1 being the column on the left.

• SORT_ORDER indicates the sort order (0 means no specific sort order).

• FREEZE indicates if the field is frozen (not affected by horizontal scrolling). 0 = no, 1 = yes.

• PROTECT indicates the protection against editing. 0 = none, 1 = partial, 2 = total.

• HIDE indicates the presence of the field. 0 = no, 1 = yes.

• LIST indicates if the list of distinct values from the database is shown or hidden.

• WIDTH indicates the width of the column expressed in characters.

• LINE_FEED indicates a request of line feed. 0 = no, 1 = yes.

• FORMAT contains the format of the field value (%s, %6.2f, 9.999, etc.).

• NULL_VALUE contains the replacement value for a value missing in the column.

• TITLE contains the title of the column header.


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• DESCRIPTION contains the field description - it is originally copied from the data dictionary.

56.2. QUERY_NAME

The QUERY_NAME table is used to define the identification of the data selections done with the Geotec modules.

• QNAME contains the name of the data selection; with 50 characters. A value is required.

• DESCR contains a description of the data selection; with 255 characters.

• APPL contains the name of the application to which the data selection is associated. A value is required.

56.3. QUERY_CONDITION

The QUERY_CONDITION table is used to define the conditions of the data selections done with the Geotec modules.

• QNAME contains the name of the data selection; with 50 characters. A value is required.

• RANK contains the order number of the condition. A value is required.

• TNAME contains the name of the table involved in the condition. A value is required.

• CNAME contains the name of the field involved in the condition. A value is required.

• OPER contains the condition operator. A value is required.

• CVALUE contains the string representing the desired values.

• NOT_NULL indicates if the records without value in the condition field are required (1) or not required (0).

56.4. TEXT_ITEM

The TEXT_ITEM and TEXT_MSG tables (see paragraph 56.5) are only used in the Forms data entry forms of Oracle. In our modules, they can still be accessed via the Fields/msg and Messages buttons of the General tab in the selection window. TEXT_ITEM contains the relations between the texts and the constitutive elements of the forms, defined in the TEXT_MSG table. All values are required.

• BLOCK_NAME contains the block name of a Forms or Access screen.

• ITEM_NAME contains the name of an element in the blocks, element that has an established relation to a text.

• TEXT_ID contains the text number to associate to the element defined in the previous fields.

56.5. TEXT_MSG

The TEXT_ITEM and TEXT_MSG tables (see paragraph 56.4) are only used in the Forms data entry forms of Oracle. In our modules, they can still be accessed via the Fields/msg and Messages buttons of the General tab in the selection window. TEXT_MSG contains all the texts displays in the forms, the labels, messages, tooltips, window titles, list titles, headers, etc.


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• TEXT_ID contains the text number. A value is required.

• LANG contains a code for the language in which the text is written; E for English and F for French. A value is required.

• MESSAGE contains a string of 150 characters used as text for the tooltip, error message, list or column identification, depending on the element to which the record is associated.

• TITLE contains a string of up to 150 characters. This string is used as the label of the field or button to which the record is associated.

56.6. SYS_NAME

The SYS_NAME table is used for the definition of the primary keys for the fields that have a special treatment in the database. The table should not be modified by the user.

• NAME7 contains the field name in the French version (versions 7 and 8).

• NAME8 contains the field name in the generic version (dictionary used to code the applications).

• NAME9 contains the field name in the English version (version 8).

• DESCR contains the field description.

56.7. SYS_USER

The SYS_USER table is used by DBM and the modules. It shouldn’t be modified by the user.

• VERSION_NO contains the version number of the database.

• VERSION_DBM contains the version number of DBM used.

• DATE_PROD contains the compilation date of DBM used.

• DATE_UPDATE contains the database creation date or update date.

• LANG contains the language of the data dictionary.

• CLIENT_PIN contains the PIN of the licence used.

• COMPUTER_NAME contains the computer name of the workstation.

• USER_NAME contains the user name of the workstation.

Interpretation of the CPTu Test 3-1

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CHAPTER 3. INTERPRETATION OF THE CPTU TEST

Piezocone penetration tests (CPTu) are used to identify the soil type and to determine its geotechnical properties. One of the most common methods to evaluate the soil type is the chart proposed by Robertson et al (1986) based on the cone resistance qc and the friction ratio Rf, but other charts have been developed, including the method proposed by Robertson (1990) using normalized cone properties. These charts are predictive of the Soil Behavior Type (SBT). This document shows the methods used for the interpretation of the CPTu and the empirical and theoretical equations used to determine the various properties. Inputs:

These data are used for the interpretation: 1 - Depth of the groundwater table water_depth (m) - a depth of 0m is used by default if no value is entered. 2 - The area ratio (a) for the cone. The default value is 0.8. 3 - The increment between the measurement depths (in mm). If the data points are imported for a DRF file, this value is automatically inserted. If the distance between two points is greater than 10x the increment, the line will not be drawn between those points. 4 - Nkt is a cone factor generally between 10 and 20 and must be entered for the calculation of parameters for fine-grained soils. The default value is 14. 5 - Nσt is a cone factor generally between 1 and 10 and must be entered for the calculation of parameters for fine-grained soils. The default value is 3.08. 6 - The ratio of the undrained shear strength (su) over the preconsolidation pressure (σ’p) is between 0.1 and 0.5 (su_pc). The default value is 0.22. If both Nkt and Nσt are entered, they are used in the calculation and su_pc is disregarded. Otherwise, su_pc is used in conjunction with the value entered either in Nkt or Nσt. 7 - The minimum value of IC to calculate su and σ’p is generally between 2 and 3. The default value is 2.6. 8 - The minimum value of fs. If a value is defined (and positive), it is used in the calculations when FS is smaller than fs min. If fs min is 0 or not defined, the calculations are not done when FS is negative or 0. 9 - The “n” exponent is between 0.5 and 1. If no value is entered, “n” will be calculated for each point (see below in the Outputs). 10 - Cq max is the maximum value of the stress normalization factor. The default value is 1.7.

3-2 Interpretation of the CPTu Test

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11 - The constant CDr is for the calculation of the relative density. The default value is 350. 12 - Type of density to be used for the calculations

• Constant will use the densities entered in CPTU, above (wet) and below (saturated) the water table. If one density or the other is NULL, the ‘Variable’ type will be used for the corresponding depths.

• Profile will use the densities entered in CPTU_ZONE. If no density is found, the densities entered in STRATIGRAPHY will be used. Still, if none are found and a parent boring is defined and being used, the densities in STRATIGRAPHY for the parent boring will be used. In the table used, if no density is found for a certain depth, the ‘Variable’ type will be used for that depth.

• Variable is the default type and will use the density calculated at each depth in CPTU_POINT. Note that the value of Rf used in the calculation of the variable density is limited from 0.1 to 10.

13 - Wet (dwet) and saturated (dsat) densities (kg/m3) - these values are used if the type of density is ‘Constant’. The default values are 1,900 and 2,000. 14 - The minimum thickness to create an SBT zone is entered. When the SBT values are the same over the minimum thickness or more, a zone is created. The default value is 0.1. The minimum value to calculate a zone is 0.001 meter. 15 - The calculation method for the SBT zones is selected from the following list. The SBT values are calculated from the 6 charts, but the zones in CPTU_ZONE will be for the selected method.

• SBT_Bq

• SBT_Ic

• SBT_Rf

• SBTn_Bq

• SBTn_Fr

• SBTn_Ic 16 - At each depth, the cone resistance corrected for u2 (qt in kPa) or the tip cone resistance (qc in kPa), the friction resistance (fs in kPa) and the measured porewater pressure (u2 in kPa) are entered, or a file can be imported. See chapter 4 of the entry forms guide for the import procedure. Please note: If the friction resistance FS is negative or 0, fs min will be used in the calculations. If fs min is 0 or is not defined, the calculations will not be done when FS is negative or 0.


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Outputs:

Several properties are calculated by Geotec when all input data (DEPTH, QT or QC, FS and U2) are entered. The equations used are presented here. Cone resistance corrected for u2

)1(2 auqq ct −+= if QC is the input

Tip cone resistance

)1(2 auqq tc −−= if QT is the input

If the resulting qt or qc is < 11 kPa, the value is not inserted and no calculation is done for this depth. During the import, if the values of QT or QC are < 11 kPa, the data for these depths are not imported. Cone resistance divided by atmospheric pressure

atta pqQ =

Friction ratio

%100= tsf qfR

SBT index for non-normalized SBT

22 )22.1(log))log(47.3( ++−= fatSBT RpqI

Hydrostatic pressure

81.9)_(0 −= depthwaterdepthu or 0 if depth < water_depth

Density and unit weight

Variable: 1000236.1)/log(36.0)log(27.0 ++= atf pqRd with 0.1 ≤ Rf ≤ 10

Profile: Dd = from CPTU_ZONE table for the current layer.

If none found,

Dd = from STRATIGRAPHY table for the current layer.

If none found and parent boring is used,

Dd = from STRATIGRAPHY table for the current layer of parent boring

Constant: wetdd = when depth < water_depth

satdd = when depth > water_depth

81.91000= d

Total vertical stress

= )( depthvo

Effective vertical stress

0' uvovo −=


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Normalized friction ratio

%100)( −= votsr qfF

Iteration started with n = 1 where vovottn qQ ')( −= and ended when ni - ni-1 < 0.01

SBT index for normalized SBT

22 )22.1(log)log47.3( ++−= rtnC FQI

Stress exponent

15.0)'(05.0381.0 −+= avoC pIn where 0.5 ≤ n ≤ 1

Correction factor for effective stress

n

voaq pC )'( =

Normalized cone resistance

qavottn CpqQ −= )(

Normalized excess porewater pressure

)()( 02 votq quuB −−=

Alpha constant

)68.155.0(10

+= cI

Shear wave velocity

avots pqV )( −=

Normalized shear wave velocity

25.0

1 )'( voass pVV =

Initial shear modulus

1000000/2

0 sVdG =

Relative density

%100= Drtnr CQD

Young’s elasticity modulus

08.0 GE = if IC < 2.6

Number of blows per 0.3 meters

)6.41(5.860

C

at

I

pqN

−=


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Normalized number of blows per 0.3 meters

qCNN = 60160

Bearing capacity factor

votq qN '=

Friction angle

18068.229.0)

'log(tan' 1

+= −

vo

cq

Undrained shear strength

ktvotu Nqs )( −=

Preconsolidation pressure

tvotp Nq )(' −=

Overconsolidation ratio

vopOCR '' =

Sensitivity

ktr

tNF

S

=100

The calculations of SBT_Rf, SBT_Bq, SBT_Ic, SBTn_Fr, SBTn_Bq and SBTn_Ic are all based on SBT and SBTn plots. List of symbols: a: cone area ratio Bq: normalized excess porewater pressure Cq: correction factor for effective stress CDr: constant for the calculation of the relative density d: density (kg/m3) dsat: saturated density (kg/m3) dwet: wet density (kg/m3) Dr: relative density of the soil (%) E: Young’s elasticity modulus (MPa) fs: sleeve friction (kPa) Fr: normalized friction ratio (%) G0: initial shear modulus (MPa) IC: SBT index for normalized SBT ISBT: SBT index for non-normalized SBT n: stress exponent Nq: bearing capacity factor Nkt : cone factor for the calculation of su Nσt : cone factor for the calculation of σ’p N60: number of blows per 0.3 meters


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N160: normalized number of blows per 0.3 meters OCR: overconsolidation ratio pa: atmospheric pressure - approximated to 100 kPa qc: tip cone resistance (kPa) qt: cone resistance corrected for u2 (kPa) Qta: cone resistance divided by the atmospheric pressure Qtn: normalized cone resistance Rf: friction ratio (%) su: undrained shear strength (kPa) su_pc: ratio of the undrained shear strength over the preconsolidation pressure St: sensitivity u0: hydrostatic pressure (kPa) u2: measured porewater pressure (kPa) Vs: shear wave velocity (m/s) Vs1: normalized shear wave velocity (m/s)

alpha constant - value used for the calculations only

unit weight (kN/m3) - value used for the calculations only σvo: total vertical stress (kPa) (TS in the database) σ’vo: effective vertical stress (kPa) (ES in the database) σ’p: preconsolidation pressure (kPa) (PC in the database) Φ’: friction angle (degrees) (PHI in the database) References: Robertson, P.K., 2009. Interpretation of Cone Penetration Tests - a unified approach. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 46: 1-19. Robertson, P.K., 2010. Soil behaviour type from the CPT: an update. Gregg CPT Interpretation Software 1.1, 1/10/2007. Youd, T.L. et al., 2001. Liquefaction Resistance of Soils: Summary Report from the 1996 NCEER and 1998 NCEER/NSF Workshops on Evaluation of Liquefaction Resistance of Soils. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering. pp 817-833. October 2001.

Importation of .DRF Files of CPTu Data 4-1

Converting an Excel file to .drf 2019-08-28 l:\english\geotec\geo\809\geo_c04_eng.doc

CHAPTER 4. IMPORTATION OF .DRF FILES OF CPTU DATA

It is possible to import readings from CPTu tests and shear wave velocities directly into Geotec from .drf and .csv files.

1. CONVERTING AN EXCEL FILE TO .DRF

Below is the procedure to convert an Excel file to the .drf format, to then import the data directly into Geotec (see paragraph 2). 1. Validate the data in the Excel file by removing or correcting any error.

2. Only keep the DEPTH, QT or QC, FS and U2 columns, in this order. The values are in meters, then kPa, kPa, kPa. See paragraph 2.1 if the values are in different units.

3. On line 3, add the term “qt” if QT is the input, “qc” if QC is the input. If no input is indicated and the values begin at line 3, a message will prompt the user to select QT or QC as the input during the import.

- If the data are inserted into QT, INPUT_QC is set to 0.

- If the data are inserted into QC, INPUT_QC is set to 1.

4. Delete the first rows so the values start directly at line 4.

5. For the first line, enter the following string in the first cell: “XYZ yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi TECHNICIEN”

a. The XYZ must be present to decode the file.

b. The following value is the date and time of the test, in format yyyy-mm-dd hh:mi. If the time is not recorded, enter 00:00.

c. The following value is the name or listing of the technicians.

6. For the second line, enter the following string in the first cell: “SITE PROBE BORING”.

a. SITE is the site number (project).

b. PROBE must have 3 parts separated by spaces (ex: STD 20T AD122, or A B C).

c. The last value is the boring number.

7. Save this version of Excel, save as CSV file (Comma delimited or semi-colon delimited) and say Yes to the format change.

8. Open the CSV file with a text editor (notepad, etc.)

9. At the end of the first 3 lines, delete the 3 commas (or semi-colons) and save.

10. Rename the file extension from CSV to DRF. The values should all be separated by commas (or semi-colons).

4-2 Importation of .DRF Files of CPTu Data

2019-08-28 Importing a .drf file

Below is an example of the beginning of a .drf file: XYZ 2014-11-29 12:15 Sobek Technologies SITE PROBE a b BORING 1.63,295.83,42.6894,-2.781 1.64,642.19,36.1549,-2.693 1.65,867.01,32.1005,-2.535 1.66,1338.82,25.3348,-2.341

2. IMPORTING A .DRF FILE

You can import directly into Geotec the DEPTH, QT or QC, FS and U2 data entered in a .drf file. These data will be inserted into the fields with the same name, in the CPTU_POINT table. You can then calculate several parameters and results, if a style file showing the CPTU_POINT graph is displayed. 1. Launch the Log module.

2. Open the piezocone (CPTu) entry form.

3. Click on the Import icon in the toolbar at the top of the CPTu entry form.

4. Select the options “Application file” and “Insert new records only”. You can also select “Insert parent records” to create the site and boring automatically.

5. Select the desired .drf file by clicking on the file opening button.

6. Adjust the Tab, Comma or Semi-colon separator, if necessary.

7. Click on Read.

8. If the cone resistance input isn’t specified in the .drf file, a message asks the user to select qt or qc.

This selection is saved for the other .drf files that will be imported without a specified input. To change your selection, close and reopen the CPTU form.

9. Click on Save

10. Make sure you use a style file showing the CPTU_POINT graph

11. Execute a query for the CPTu inserted in the CPTU form and enter the calculation parameters in the Calculations tab – see the default parameters described in paragraph 2.2.

12. Launch the calculation by clicking on the Calculate icon in the toolbar at the top of the CPTu entry form, or via the menu Action->Calculate.

It is possible to import several .drf files at once. Select the option “Read all files from selected directory”. After, select any .drf file in the desired directory. The directory followed by *.drf will be shown in File name. Click Read, and Save.

To calculate the parameters of several piezocones in batch, select the option Display all selected borings in the Options window, and retrieve all the piezocones to calculate. They will be superimposed in the boring log. Then, click Calculate.

Please note that if values of QT or QC are smaller than 11 kPa or 0.011 MPa, the data for these depths are not imported. Please note that if values of FS are < -999, they are imported as NULL.

Importation of .DRF Files of CPTu Data 4-3

Importing a .drf file 2019-08-28

2.1. Units of DEPTH, QT or QC, FS and U2 data

The CPTu data are presented from the 3rd line until the end of the .drf file. The data columns are DEPTH, QT or QC, FS and U2, separated by a comma (or semi-colon). By default, Geotec considers that the values are in meters in the 1st column and in kPa in columns 2, 3 and 4. It is possible to force another unit system for the last 3 columns by adding the following two lines after the last row of data: ========================================== Units: meters,MPa,kPa,m The line starting with Units is used to define the unit system. This example indicates that in the 1st column, the data are in meters; in the 2nd, in MPa; in the 3rd, in kPa; and in the 4th, in meters. The units must be separated by the same separator as the values, i.e. either the comma or the semi-colon. When the unit indicated is MPa, the values are multiplied by 1000 to convert them in kPa when they are inserted into the database. When the unit indicated is m, the values are multiplied by 9.81 to convert them in kPa when they are inserted into the database.

2.2. Automatic updates done in the database during the import

When we import data from a .drf file, several values are inserted automatically into fields and tables of Geotec.

• If the SITE does not exist in the database, it will be created when importing if the option “Insert parent records” is checked.

• If the BORING does not exist in the database, it will be created when importing if the option “Insert parent records” is checked.

• The boring TYPE is set to CP (Piezocone) in the BORING table.

• The greatest depth read in the .drf file is inserted into the TOTAL_DEPTH field of the BORING table.

• The date and time are inserted into the DATE_START field of the BORING table.

• The name or list of technicians is inserted into the CARRIED_OUT_BY field of the BORING table.

• The value D is inserted into the T field of the CPTU, BORING and SITE tables when the records did not already exist in the database, to indicate an import by .drf file.

• If the CPTU does not exist in the database, it will be created when importing if the option “Insert parent records” is checked.

• The smallest depth read in the .drf file is inserted into the DEPTH_FIRST field of the CPTU table.

• The greatest depth read in the .drf file is inserted into the DEPTH_LAST field of the CPTU table.

• The groundwater depth entered in the BORING table is inserted into the WATER_DEPTH field of the CPTU table.

4-4 Importation of .DRF Files of CPTu Data

2019-08-28 Importing a .drf file

• The type of density by default is V (variable) in the D_TYPE field of the CPTU table.

• The probe is inserted in the PROBE field of the CPTU table.

• The DIAMETER of the cone is 20 mm by default.

• The AREA_RATIO of the cone is 0.8 by default.

• The increment between two values (in mm) read in the .drf file is inserted into the READING_STEP field of the CPTU table.

• The qt or qc radio button is selected to indicate the input. The corresponding field INPUT_QC is 0 for QT, 1 for QC.

• The default calculation parameters are: o Nkt = 14 o Nst = 3.08 o Su/Pc = 0.22 o Min Ic = 2.6 o Cq max = 1.7 o Dr constant = 350

geo - data entry forms - sobek · 2019. 10. 25. · figure 1-16 - unit conversion window 1-10...

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