China Japan Russia

SE Asia West Asia

ASIA

Russia

Largest country in the worldRussia 5 times bigger than IndiaRussia – total 8 time zones

Russia

Water-bodies around Russia

Barents sea

Kara sea

Leptev sea

East Siberiansea

Chukchi sea

Bering strait

white sea

Bering sea

Sea of Okhotsk

Baltic sea

Black sea

Caspian sea

sea of Japan

Access to Sea

•Murmansk – ice free port – Barents sea•St. Petersburg – Baltic sea•Rostov – Black sea•Vladivostok – Japan sea (less population)

Important ports of Russia

Murmansk

St. Petersburg

RostovVladivostok

Crimean Peninsula

Physical Geography of Russia

Kamchatka Peninsula

Sakhalin Island

Kola Peninsula

Novaya Zemlya

Yamal

PenGyd

a pen.

Taymyr Pen

Koryak range

Kolyma rangeVerkhoyansk range

Lake Baykal

Ural m

ount

ains

Central Siberian Plateau

west Siberian Plain

Lake Onega

Lake Ladoga

Valdai hills

•One of the oldest mountain range in world•Highest peak of Urals – Narodnaya•Extension into Arctic sea as Novaya Zemlya•Not continuous, has many gaps•Kola peninsula - copper

Urals

Ural m

ount

ains

Novaya Zemlya

•Russia’s most extensive land region•Swamp and marshes•Major Source of Natural gas for Russia•Yamal Peninsula also known for petroleum reserve

Western Siberian Plain

west Siberian Plain

Yamal

Pen

•Winter – anti-cyclonic condition•Sparsely populated•South to North -> Steppe, mixed deciduous, Taiga, Tundra, Perma frost•Paper and pulp industry•Untapped Petro-reserve

Central Siberian Plateau

Central Siberian Plateau

Important rivers of Russia

Ob

Yeni

sei Lena

Pechora basin

Irtysh

Volga

Lake Baykal

Don

Sea of Azov

Amur

Most rivers are navigable but only in summer

Frozen in winterFreezing at mouth – close to ArcticCreate swampy condition in the middle of the rivers

Lake Baykal – largest fresh water lake of the world (by quantity of water)

Rivers and Lake in Russia

•Drains into Sea of Azov•Rostov city is on Don•Volga- Don canal [connects Black sea with Caspian sea]

Don river

Don

Sea of Azov

Rostov

•Originated in Valdai hills•Most important water way•Cities on river:Nizhny Novgorod, Kazan, Samara and Volgograd

Volga river

•Largest river of Russia by volume•Omsk on Irtysh•Novosibirsk on Ob•Ob-Irtysh – Vasugnya swamp (one of the largest swamp)• Irtysh drains into China’s Dsungarian basin

Ob-Irtysh river

•From Western Sanyan hills and Baykal lake•Cities on river:•Bratsk, Ulan-Ude and Krasnoyarsk on Yenisei

Yenisei river

•From Lake Baykal•City on river:•Yakutsk on Lena

Lena river

Verkhoyansk

• Influence of Continentality•Verkhoyansk – one of the coldest inhabited place in the world•Russia - Artic climate most prevalent•Taiga and Tundra climate

Climate of Russia

•Limited growing period•40% pastures and meadows•Wheat, Oil-seeds, cotton - important•Oat, mustard, corn, sugar beet, flax•Potato – very important

Agriculture in Russia

6th largest economy of the world by PPPWorld’s largest reserve of natural gas and largest exporter of crude oil

Today oil, gas and minerals account for 80% of Russia's export earnings and 50% of federal revenue

World’s second largest coal reserveRussia is world’s second largest arms exporter

Largest diamond producing nation

Russian economy

Urals

Coal – Chelyabinsk , slopes of Urals, Pechora field

Gold, platinum, chromite, bauxite

Semi-precious stone

Large deposits of gold, diamond

Manganese, lead, zinc, cobalt, molybdenum

Lena- Tunguska petroleum reserve, Khanty – Mansiysk region (70%)

Siberia

Coal Reserve of Russia

Magnitogorsk

Krasnoyarsk

Irkutsk

Chernogorsk

Kemerovo Chelyabinsk

Novo Kuznetsk

Pechora Basin

2nd largest coal

reserve in the world

Iron ore Reserve of Russia

Magnitogorsk

Orsk

Kursk

Tomsk

Belgorod

Voronezh

5th largest Iron

production in the world

Nickel reserve

World’s 40% of nickel –Norilsk mine

Norlisk

Kola Peninsula

Amur region

Tymr peninsula

1) West Siberia2) Urals-Volga3) Sakhalin Island4) East Siberia5) Yamal Peninsula6) North Caucasus7) Pechora Basin and Barents sea

Petroleum regions

1) West Siberia main oil producing region

2) Urals-Volga (20%)3) Sakhalin – contribute 3% but high

potential4) East Siberia: -untapped reserve - Eastern Siberia-Pacific ocean pipeline

Petroleum reserve

Petroleum Reserve of Russia

Yamal P

eninsula

PriobskoyeSamotlor

North Caucasus

Pechora Basin

Sakhalin

East Siberia West Siberia

Natural Gas Reserve of Russia

Orenburg

Pechhora Basin

Yamburg

UrnegoyMamontovskoye

Salymskoye

Medvezhye West Siberia

Largest Natural Gas reserve in the world

1) Central industrial region2) Volga region3) Urals4) Kuzbas5) Baykal region6) St. Petersburg region

Industrial Regions

Industrial regions of Russia

Central region

Volga region Urals

KuzbasBaykal region

St. Petersburg

•Moscow, Ivanovo, Nizhniy Novgorod, Tula•Moscow – steel, chemical, machinery• Ivanovo – textile•Nizhniy Novgorod – automobile•Tula – mining, metallurgical industry

Central industrial region

Ivanovo

Nizhniy Novgorod

Tula

Moscow

•Moscow – port of 5 seas: Baltic, Black, Caspian, white, Lake Ladoga•Moscow largest city of Russia

City of Moscow

Moscow

White sea

Baltic sea

Lake Ladoga N. Dvina

river

Caspian seaBlack sea

River Volga

River Don

Rive

r Vol

ga

Volga- Baltic water way

•St. Petersburg – financial hub•2nd largest city in Russia •oil and gas trade, electronics and IT manufacturing, heavy machinery and textile

St. Petersburg region

St. Petersburg

•Perm, Kazan, Samara, Izhevsk, Volgograd•Volgograd – oil refinery and steel production•Samara- oil refining center•Rostov- agro-machinery

Volga region

Perm

IzhevskSamara

Volgograd

Kazan

Urals

•Kazan- mechanical, petrochemical •Perm- electronics• Izhevsk- defence industries

Volga region

Perm

IzhevskSamara

Volgograd

Kazan

Urals

•Yekaterinburg, Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk, Nizhniy Tagil, Ufa•Yekaterinburg – machinery production•Magnitogorsk – steel industries• Iron from Orsk, Serov

Urals

Ufa

Chelyabinsk MagnitogorskYekaterinburg

Nizhniy Tagil

•Chelyabinsk- heavy industries, military machinery•Ufa- oil refinery, petro-chemical•Nizhniy Tagil- metallurgical industries

Urals

Ufa

Chelyabinsk MagnitogorskYekaterinburg

Nizhniy Tagil

•Omsk, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Novo Kuznetsk•Omsk – aerospace manu., agro-processing•Tomsk- defence manufacturing• Innovation capital of Russia (biotech, IT, medicine, nuclear research)

Kuzbas region

Tomsk

Omsk

Novosibirsk

Novo Kuznetsk

•Novosibirsk 3th largest city after Moscow and St. Petersburg•Novosibirsk – aircraft manufacturing, HEP engineering, textile, nuclear fuel•Novo Kuznetsk- iron and steel industry

Kuzbas region

TomskOmsk

Novosibirsk

Novo Kuznetsk

•Krasnoyarsk, Bratsk, Irkutsk and Chita•Paper and pulp industries, timber, aluminium smelting•Krasnoyarsk- largest producer of aluminum• Irkutsk: HEP plant, metallurgical industries

Baykal Region

Bratsk

Krasnoyarsk

Chita

Irkutsk

•Bratsk- heavy industry, aluminum plants•Chita-

Baykal Region

Bratsk

Krasnoyarsk

Chita

Irkutsk

Longest in the world (8960 km)St. Petersburg to VladivostokVia – Moscow, Kazan, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Ulan Ude, Chita

Branches to Mongolia, China and North Korea

Trans-Siberian Railway

Route of Trans-Siberian railway