geo11-01_intro to geol by ms. gabo, upm
TRANSCRIPT
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INTRODUCTIONTO GEOLOGY
Geology 11
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1. Define geology and identifysome of its branches
2. Differentiate uniformitarianism
vs catastrophism
3. Appreciate the role of geology in
society
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WHAT IS GEOLOGY?
http://geology.about.com/od/nutshells/a/whatisgeology.htm
Greek , g, "earth" and , logos, "study"
Geology is the study of the Earth, its
origin, history, composition, structures
and physical properties, the processes
that shape it, and the resources that could
be obtained from it.
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GEOLOGY AS A DISCIPLINE
1. The relevance of time
2. The issue of scale3. The complexity of replicating
natural systems and phenomena in
the laboratory
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1. PHYSICAL GEOLOGY
2. HISTORICAL GEOLOGY
MAIN BRANCHES OF GEOLOGY
-Deals with the materials that comprise
the Earth and the processes that affect it
-The study of the origin and evolution ofthe Earth through time
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1. Volcanology
The study of volcanoes and volcanic activity
2. Seismology The study of earthquakes and the mechanical
properties of the earth
3. Mineralogy The study of minerals and its properties
PHYSICAL GEOLOGY
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4. Petrology
The study of rocks and the conditions under
which they are formed
5. Geomorphology
The study of landforms and the processes that
shape them
6. Geophysics
The physics of the Earth and its environment in
space
PHYSICAL GEOLOGY
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PHYSICAL GEOLOGY
7. Geochemistry
The study of the chemical composition and
processes of the Earth and other planets
8. Planetary Geology
Concerned with the geology of celestial bodies
9. Environmental Geology
The use of geologic information to manage our
environment
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10.Engineering Geology
The application of geologic information to
engineering problems
11.Mining Geology
Deals with the applications to mining
12.Petroleum Geology
Refers to application of geology to the search of
hydrocarbons
PHYSICAL GEOLOGY
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HISTORICAL GEOLOGY
1. Paleontology
The study of prehistoric life as represented by
fossils
2. Stratigraphy
The study of rock layers and layering
(stratification)
3. Geochronology
Deals with the determination of the age of the
Earth and its materials
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BASIC CONCEPTS IN THEHISTORY OF GEOLOGY
1. Catastrophism
2. Uniformitarianism
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CATASTROPHISM
- Proposed by Baron Georges Cuvier
- Sudden, worldwide catastrophes
are the agents of change that alter
the physical features of the Earth
over time
- Widely accepted by theologians in
the early 1800s due to similarity withBiblical events such as Noahs Flood
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UNIFORMITARIANISM
James Hutton, 1726-1797
www.physicalgeography.net
- Proposed by James Hutton
(The Father of Modern Geology)
-The present is the key to the past.
-The present is the key to the future.
-Advocates the idea that the Earth is
continuously modified by geologic processes
that have always operated throughout time (atdifferent rates), and that by studying them we
can understand how the Earth has evolved
through time
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What geologists do
GEOLOGISTS AT WORK
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RELEVANCE TO DAILY LIFE
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MINERAL DEPOSITS
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RESOURCE EXPLORATION
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Earth processes that cause life and property loss: Flooding
Earthquake
Volcanic Activity Landslide
Mudflows www.pinoyvote.infowww.pinoytutorial.comByDwi
Obli,Reuters
http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/1997/fs114-
ByLauro
Naranjo,2007
GEOHAZARDS
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If we intend to live
onand with this
planet, we truly
need to understandhow it works and to
understand the
many components
that make up theEarth