geog 101 – day 10: review for the mid-term quiz. review questions *the term “environment”...

GEOG 101 – Day 10: Review for the Mid-term Quiz

Review Questions*The term “environment” includes

a) animals and plants b) oceans and rivers c) soil and atmosphere d) all of the above are included in this term

*Which of the following is correct about the term “environmentalism”?

a) it is very science-oriented b) it is a social movement to protect the environment c) it usually does not include advocacy for the environment d) it involves scientists trying to solve environmental problems

*Adding various amounts of fertilizer to plants in a laboratory is a _____ type of experiment: a) correlative b) natural c) manipulative d) rare

Review Questions*What is the definition of “sustainable development”?

a) using resources to benefit future generations, even if it means lower availability now b) letting future generations figure out their own problems c) using resources to satisfy current needs without compromising future availability d) letting each country decide what is its best interest

*Which do you think is the best way to protect commonly owned resources (i.e., air, water, fisheries)?

a) sell the resource to a private entity b) to voluntary organizations to enforce responsible use c) governmental regulations d) do nothing and see what happens

Review Questions*Do you think the rest of the world can have an ecological

footprint as large as the footprint of the Canada?

a) yes, because we will find new technologies and resources

b) yes, because the footprint of Canada is not really that large

c) definitely not; the world does not have that many resources

d) it does not matter; it’s not that important

QUESTION: Interpreting Graphs and Data

According to this graph, what has happened to the population over the last 500 years?

a) It has grown exponentially

b) It has grown linearly

c) It has decreasedd) It has slowed down

recently


What happens if test results reject a hypothesis?

a) The scientist formulates a new hypothesis

b) It shows the test failedc) The hypothesis was

supportedd) The predictions may not

have been correct

© 2010 Pearson Education Canada

QUESTION: Review

The term “system” includes all of the following, except:

a) A network of relationships among various componentsb) The various components tend to minimize interactionsc) Energy, matter, and information are exchanged between

componentsd) Energy and matter are valuable inputs to the system

5-7


QUESTION: Review

Which of the following describes a positive feedback loop?

a) It drives a system towards an extremeb) It stabilizes the systemc) It causes the system to move in opposite directions at the same

ratesd) It causes the system to maintain a constant condition

5-8


QUESTION: Review

Which of the following is a correct statement?

a) Energy and matter flow in one direction onlyb) Energy and matter both cycle repeatedlyc) Energy flows in one direction, while matter recyclesd) Matter flows in one direction, while energy recycles

5-9


QUESTION: Review

What is the definition of “net primary production”?

a) Assimilation of energy by heterotrophsb) Elements and compounds that are required for survivalc) Energy remaining after respiration that is used to generate

biomassd) Assimilation of energy by autotrophs

5-10


QUESTION: Review

Which biogeochemical cycle comprises 78% of our atmosphere, and is contained in proteins, DNA and RNA?

a) Carbonb) Nitrogenc) Waterd) Phosphorus

5-11


QUESTION: Review

Which biogeochemical cycle is being affected by damming rivers, and altering the surface and vegetation?

a) Carbonb) Nitrogenc) Waterd) Phosphorus

5-12


QUESTION: Interpreting Graphs and DataAccording to this graph,

which ecosystem has the warmest temperature and most rainfall? a) Temperate

grasslandb) Boreal forest c) Savannahd) Tropical rain

forest


QUESTION: Review

What has accounted for the majority of the world’s population growth in recent years?

a) Women are having more babies

b) Death rates have dropped due to technology, medicine, and food

c) More women are using contraceptives

d) Nothing, the population has dropped in recent years

6-14


QUESTION: Review

According to the I = P x A x T formula, what would happen if China’s 1 billion people had a lifestyle like Canadians?

a) Their population would automatically drop

b) Their population would automatically increase

c) Their affluence and technology would increase

d) Their impact on the environment would even out

6-15


QUESTION: Review

How have humans been able to raise the environment’s carrying capacity for our species?

a) Through technology

b) By eliminating limiting factors

c) Through increased consumption

d) Spending more money on non-essential resources

6-16


QUESTION: Review

Areas that lack significant numbers of people, and have a low population density are…

a) No longer available

b) Best able to support higher densities of people

c) Sensitive areas least able to support high densities of people

d) Located around tropical and grassland areas

6-17


QUESTION: Review

Describe the relationship between growth rates and population size.

a) Falling growth rates automatically mean a smaller population

b) Falling growth rates automatically mean a larger population

c) Falling growth rates means we no longer have a population problem

d) Falling growth rates does not mean a smaller population, but that rates of increase are slowing

6-18


QUESTION: Weighing the Issues

Would you rather live in a country with a larger population or smaller population?

a) Small population, so there will be more resources for me

b) Small population, so there will be more resources for others, including wildlife

c) Large population, so I can find a date

d) Large population, because people are our biggest resource

6-19



a) High birth and death rates rise cause population increases

b) High birth and death rates, but population is stable

c) High birth rates with low death rates cause population to increase

d) Low birth and death rates cause the population to decrease

What happens during the “pre-industrial” stage of the demographic transition?

FIGURE 6.14

6-20



According to this age pyramid, Madagascar’s future population will be…?

a) Balancedb) Largerc) Much largerd) Smallere) Much smaller

FIGURE 6.10

6-21


QUESTION: Interpreting Graphs and DataAccording to these graphs, which countries had access to family planning?

a) Iraq and Pakistanb) Malawi and Haitic) Malawi and Kenyad) Kenya and Bangladesh

6-22

© 2010 Pearson Education Inc.

QUESTION: Review

Physical weathering is characterized by:

a) The chemical interaction of water with parent material

b) Organisms breaking down parent material

c) Wind or rain breaking down parent material

d) The dislodging or movement of soil by wind

7-23


QUESTION: Review

Which horizon is the most valuable for agriculture?

a) A horizon

b) B horizon

c) C horizon

d) R horizon

FIGURE 7.37-24


QUESTION: Review

Erosion increases through all of the following, except:

a) Excessive tilling

b) Overgrazing

c) Clearing forests

d) All of the above increase erosion

7-25


QUESTION: Review

Traditional subsistence agriculture uses all of the following, except:

a) Animal power

b) Irrigation

c) Irrigation water

d) Fossil fuels

7-26


QUESTION: Review

Which sustainable farming method involves planting rows of trees along field edges to slow the wind?

a) Terracing

b) Crop rotation

c) Shelterbelts

d) Contour farming

7-27



Should developed nations fund reforestation projects in developing nations to combat erosion and deforestation?

a) Absolutely, developing nations are facing a crisis

b) No, not with money, but developed nations could give advice

c) No, developed nations had to solve their problems, let the others solve their own problems

d) I don’t care, it doesn’t really affect me

7-28



Should the Canadian government provide farmers with financial incentives to use technologies such as no-till farming and crop rotation?

a) Absolutely, farmers may be more likely to switch to these techniques

b) Yes, but farmers must put any money received into the farm

c) No, it’s not the government’s job to interfere with farming practices

d) I don’t care, it doesn’t really affect me

7-29


QUESTION: Review

Why has our production of food increased, despite the growing population?

a) We have become more sustainable in food productionb) We have converted much more land to agricultural productionc) Technology in the form of fossil fuels, pesticides, and fertilizers have

increased productiond) We have not produced more food in the past several decades

8-30


QUESTION: Review

Which term means “a shortage of nutrients the body needs”?

a) Undernourishmentb) Overnutritionc) Food securityd) Malnutrition

8-31


QUESTION: Review

Which of the following is NOT correct about monocultures?

a) They are an efficient way to produce foodb) They increase biodiversityc) They make crops more susceptible to diseasesd) They narrow human diets

8-32


QUESTION: Review

Which of the following is not a part of Integrated Pest Management (IPM)?

a) No-till farmingb) Biocontrolc) Some chemical used) All are part of IPM

8-33


QUESTION: Review

How does GM food production differ from traditional, selective breeding?

a) It does not differb) It uses genes from different speciesc) It involves more fieldworkd) It works better in developing countries

8-34


QUESTION: Review

What is a “seed bank”?

a) An institution that preserves seed types for their genetic diversityb) A form of banking in developing countries, where people can put

their excess seeds up as collateral for a loanc) A form of genetically modified organismd) An area where livestock are fed high-quality grains

8-35


QUESTION: Weighing the IssuesGiven that the Green Revolution has increased crop yields, but only by using increased fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation, and hybrid seed, do you consider it a success?

a) Yes, because more people were fed, regardless of the price

b) Yes, because industrialized countries can help through education and technology

c) No, we will have to eventually pay the environmental costs of producing food in this way

d) It does not matter; I can buy food whenever I want

8-36


QUESTION: Weighing the IssuesFactory farming allows us to have high consumption of meat products. However, many people are troubled by the conditions that animals are kept in. Should the quality of the animals’ lives be considered when we decide how to raise food?

a) Yes, the quality of an animal’s life is important, toob) Yes, but only if it does not interfere with access to meatc) No, animals have no right to a quality of lifed) I don’t care; I’m not particularly fond of cows or chickens

8-37



If the average person eats 3 kg of meat per week, how many kg of grain are required if the meat came from a cow?

a) 60 kgb) 22 kgc) 3 kgd) 12 kg

FIGURE 8.178-38


Do we have ethical obligations toward other species?

Humans are part of nature and need resources to survive

Our ethics have developed from our intelligence and our ability to make choices

Many people feel that other organisms have intrinsic value and an inherent right to exist

9-39


Biophilia and nature deficit disorder

• What do you think of the concepts of biophilia and “nature deficit disorder”?

• Have you ever felt a connection to other living things that you couldn’t explain in scientific or economic terms?

• Do you think that an affinity for other living things is innately human?

• How could you determine whether or not most people in your community feel this way?

weighing

the issues

9-40


Fragmentation and biodiversity

Suppose a critic of conservation tells you that human development increases biodiversity, pointing out that when a forest is fragmented, new habitats, such as grassy lots and gardens, may be introduced to an area and allow additional species to live there.

• How would you respond?

weighing

the issues

9-41


There are 34 global biodiversity hotspots

2.3% of the planet’s land surface contains 50% of the world’s plant species and 42% of all terrestrial vertebrate species

FIGURE 9.23

9-42


QUESTION: ReviewWhich level is NOT included in the concept of biodiversity?

a) Speciesb) Geneticsc) Ecosystemsd) All of the above are included in this concept

9-43


QUESTION: Review

What happens when a species experiences “inbreeding depression”?

a) The species becomes too large for the resource baseb) Genetically similar parents mate and produce inferior offspringc) Genetically similar parents mate and produce superior offspringd) The number and variety of species increases

9-44


QUESTION: ReviewAccording to the concept of “latitudinal gradient,” which of the following happens?

a) Species richness increases towards the equatorb) Species richness decreases towards the equatorc) Species richness decreases over timed) Countries like Canada have many more species than expected

9-45


QUESTION: ReviewWhich of the following is the major cause of extinction?

a) Invasive speciesb) Pollutionc) Habitat lossd) Overharvesting

9-46


QUESTION: ReviewBiodiversity does all of the following, except…

a) Provide ecosystem servicesb) Decrease food securityc) Maintain ecosystem functiond) Provide aesthetic benefits

9-47


QUESTION: ReviewAccording to the theory of island biogeography, which island would have the highest species richness?

a) A large island, close to the mainlandb) A large island, far from the mainlandc) A small island, close to the mainlandd) A small island, far from the mainland

9-48


QUESTION: Review

A “biodiversity hotspot” is…?

a) An area located near the equatorb) An area that supports few, but large, speciesc) An area that contains naturally high numbers of peopled) An area that contains a large number of endemic species

9-49



Where would ecotourists go to view the maximum species richness on these islands?

a) Redondab) Montserratc) Puerto Ricod) Hispaniola

9-50

geog 101 – day 10: review for the mid-term quiz. review questions *the term “environment”...

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