geography chapter 2.1.1 p. 34-35. solstice: (june 21 and dec 21) the time of year when the suns rays...
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Solstice: June 21 and Dec 21TRANSCRIPT
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Geography Chapter 2.1.1
p. 34-35
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Solstice: (June 21 and Dec 21) the time of year when the sun’s rays hit the Earth most directly and least directly
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Solstice: June 21 and Dec 21
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Equinox: time of year when sun’s rays hit directly over equator, day and night are the
same length.
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Equinox March 21 and Sept 21
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•1. Define Equinox and give two details. 35•2. Define Solstice and give two details. 34•3. Write a sentence that describes one difference between an equinox and a solstice. 34-35
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Chapter 2.1.2pgs. 35-36
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2.1.2 Earth’s Complex Structure• Create an outline about the Earth’s complex structure.I. Earth’s Layers
A. __________________________________________________B. __________________________________________________C. __________________________________________________D. __________________________________________________
II. Tectonic PlatesA. __________________________________________________B. __________________________________________________C. __________________________________________________D. __________________________________________________
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2.1.2 Earth’s Complex Structure• Vocabulary:
1. Tectonic plates2. Continental drift
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Earths Layers Crust
landmasses and ocean floors.
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Earths Layers Mantle magma
two layers upper and
lower.
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Earths Layers
Outer core liquid iron and nickel.
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Earths Layers
Inner Core solid iron
hotter than suns surface.
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Tectonic Plates sections of crust floats on mantle.
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Tectonic Plates create Continental Drift
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Tectonic Plates cause different features or events to occur
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Tectonic Plates movement Subduction, Divergence, Convergence, Transformation
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Chapter 2.1.3pgs. 38-39
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•1. As you read 38-39 analyze the cause and effect of weathering and erosion. • Cause Effects•A. Volcanoes Erupt•B. Flood•C. Weathering
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•2. Define the terms and use the term in a sentence. •A. Butte•B. Continental Shelf•C. Erosion•D. Plain•E. Plateau
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Plain level area of land
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Plateau a plain that sits above sea level
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Butte landform that has steep sides and is flat on top.
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Continental Shelf land at the edge of a continent that gradually slopes down.
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Volcanoes
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Volcanoes form mountains under water.
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Magma hardens to create new crust.
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Erosion process by which rocks and soil slowly break away.
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Floods cause erosion, and damage farmers fields.
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Weathering causes erosion and forms buttes.
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Chapter 2.1.4 and 2.1.5pgs. 40-43
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•1. As you read 40-41 identify three events caused by the Ring of Fire and the solution to the problem. • Events•A. •B. •C. • Solution
•2. As you read 42-43 draw a diagram of the Earth’s hydrologic cycle in the correct sequence. •3 In your own words define/explain evaporation,
condensation, and precipitation.
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2.1.4
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Earthquakes cause buildings bridges and roads to collapse
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Tsunamis cause coastal damage
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Volcanoes spew ash and rock
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Scientist can predict Volcanoes
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2.1.5
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Geography Chapter 2.2.1; 2.2.2 & 2.2.3
pgs 44-49
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•1. As you read 44-45 list three qualities of climate and three qualities of weather, give details. •2. As you read 46-47 give descriptions and locations of the following climate regions. •A. Dry Climates- •B. Humid Climates- •C. Humid Equatorial Climates- •D. Tundra or Ice Climates-•F. Humid Cold Climates-
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•3. As you read 48-49 identify problems caused by extreme weather and note the steps taken to solve the problems. •A. Problem•B. Steps•C. Conclusion
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2.2.1 Climate- average conditions of the atmosphere over a long period of time- average temperatures, precipitation, and the amount of change.
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• Four factors that affect climate are latitude, elevation prevailing winds, and ocean currents.
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Weather- conditions at a particular time- temperature, precipitation, humidity changes.
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Climate measured over a long period of time- weather conditions change and are checked
often.
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2.2.2 Dry Climates- little rain or snow- cactus and shrubs- both
hot and cold.
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Humid Climates- winters cool, summer’s warm- evergreen and leafy trees.
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Humid Equatorial Climates- Temperatures are hot and lots of rain, rainforest and grasslands
typical.
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Tundra or Ice Climates- Winters are long and cold mosses.
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Humid Cold Climates- cold winters, warm summers, and rain and snow, evergreens and leafy forest.
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2.2.3 Extreme WeatherProblem- extreme
weather can cause great destruction.
Tornado Hurricane
Drought
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Extreme Weather
Solutions- Scientist often predict the path of a hurricane, worked with
engineers to design levees to hold back water. National weather Service uses
radar and satellites along with spotters to detect storms.
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Extreme Weather
Conclusion- Scientist lesson the effect of extreme weather.
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Chapter 2-2.4; 2-2.5 & 2-2.6
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•1. As you read 50-51 list natural resources divide the list into: 2-2.4•A. Biological•B. Mineral•C. Raw Materials•D. Renewable•E. Nonrenewable
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•2. As you read 52-53 write the consequences and details of habitat loss and habitat restoration. 2-2.5•A. Habitat Loss (define, causes)•B. Details of Habitat Loss (what happens)•C. Habitat Restoration (what is it, give examples) •3. As you read 2-2.6 (54-56) define marine life and give details about it and human interaction.
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2.2.4 Raw materials are natural resources that have not been made into products.
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Iron ore is a raw material used to make steel.
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Renewable resources never run out.
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Trees (biological) wind and solar power are renewable resources.
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Nonrenewable resources are resources that are limited and cannot be replaced.
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Oil and natural gas are both nonrenewable resources.
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2.2.5 Habitat: a plant or an animal’s natural environment.
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Natural Habitats- Plants and animal lose their habitats they
can become endangered.
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African elephant has become endangered because of loss of habitat.
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The elephant habitat is being turned into farms and villages, other species have also lost habitat to farms and villages. Pollution is another threat to habitats.
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Habitat Loss and Restoration- Entire ecosystem, a community of plants and animals and their habitat, can be destroyed by habitat loss.
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When one ecosystem is destroyed others are effected, scientist believe loss of rain forest
habitat has led to climate change.
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Endangered Species act of 1973--effort to protect habitats, people have restored
forest habitat by replanting tress.
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2.2.6 Marine Life: plants and animals of the ocean.
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Variety of marine life- 30 major divisions of marine animals, examples sponges, jellies, worm’s, mollusks.
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Humans have a large impact on marine life--take too much marine life, and pollution.
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Coral Reefs should be saved from human pollution, rain forest of the oceans, and house
one-fourth of all marine life.
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Human Geography2-3.1; 2-3.2 & 2.3.3
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•1. As you read 58-59 write the definition and details of the following: Illustrate A and C .•A. Kimono•B. Civilization•C. Gaucho •D. Communal•E. Culture•F. Culture Region
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•2. As you read 60-61 write the beliefs of the following religions:•A. Christianity•B. Islam•C. Sikhism•D. Hinduism•E. Buddhism•F. Judaism
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•3. As you read 62-63 list and give details about three economic systems. •A. •B. •C. •What kind of economic system does the United States have?
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2.3.1 Culture- how people of a certain region live, behave, and think; expressions include language, religions, customs, music, film, literature, and food.
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Culture is reflected in symbols, an object that stands for something else, that people recognize and respect.
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Civilization- a society that has a highly developed government, culture, and technology; its culture influences how people meet their basic needs of food, clothing and shelter. It also influences peoples
values and beliefs.
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Culture Region- an area that is unified by common cultural traits; geographers study Mexico, Central America, and South America in
a culture region called Latin America.
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Communal- Shared
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Gaucho- a cowboy
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Kimono- traditiona
l Japanese women’s clothing.
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2.3.2 Christianity-There is one God and Jesus is the Son of God; Jesus was crucified and
resurrected, sacred text, ten Commandments, teachings of an individual, are monotheistic.
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Hinduism- There are many gods. Souls continue to be reborn; the cycle of rebirth ends only the soul achieves enlightenment.
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Islam- There is one God; Muslims must follow the five Pillars of Islam to achieve salvation, sacred text, teachings of an individual, are
monotheistic.
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Buddhism- there are many gods; people reach enlightenment by following the eightfold Path and understanding the Four
Noble Truths, teachings of an individual.
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Judaism- There is on God; people serve god by living according to his teaching; God handed down the Ten Commandments to guide
people’s behavior, sacred text, ten Commandments, are monotheistic.
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Sikhism- There is one God; souls are reborn; people aim to achieve union with god by acting selfless,
meditating, and helping others, are monotheistic.
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2.3.3 Economy—a system in which people produce, sell and buy things.
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Economic activity1. Taking raw materials from soil or water2. Using raw material to manufacture products3. Services—banking, health care4. Entrepreneurship—creativity and risk needed to develop new goods
and services
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Free Enterprise System- privately owned businesses create goods that people buy in
markets; also called market economy or capitalism. The United States has a free
enterprise system.
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Command Economy- government owns most of the economy and decides what will be produced and sold.
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Mixed Economy- Some elements of the economy are free enterprise and some are command.
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Economic Indicators1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)—Total value of the
goods and services that a country produces2. Income3. Literacy rate4. Life expectancy
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Chapter 2.3.4 & 2.3.5
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•1. As you read 64-65 describe and give examples of five different types of governments. •A.•B.•C. •D.•E.
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Human Rights
Definition:
Sentence:
Synonym: Antonym:
2. Complete the Vocabulary Pyramid for the Key Vocabulary word: Human Rights
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Political Geography2.3.4
• Government—an organization that keeps order, sets rules, and provides services for a society• Citizen—a person who lives within the territory of a government and
is granted certain rights and responsibilities.
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Democracy- citizens elect representatives and have many rights; the United States.
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Monarchy- king is born into office and rules society; Saudi Arabia
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Constitutional Monarchy- monarch shares power with a government under a constitution; United Kingdom.
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Dictatorship- one person rises to power and has complete control over society, citizens have no rights: North Korea.
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Oligarchy- small group of people who have wealth or military power rule society, citizens have few rights.
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Communism- Communist Party controls the government and owns all the property, citizens have few rights: Cuba.
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2.3.5 United Nations main goals were to keep peace, develop friendly relationships among countries, and to protect people’s human rights.
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Impact of Human Rights•Pressured South Africa to grant human rights to its
non-white population• Refused to trade• Banned from Olympic Games