Geography ReviewCore Concepts 1-9

Parts of a Map

1. What information does a map’s Key give?

2. Why do we use a Scale bar on a map?

Types of Maps1. What type of map would you use to examine natural features of

earth’s surface (like rivers, mountains, or deserts)?

2. What type of map would you use to determine boundaries between countries or states?

3. What type of map will they use to determine the election results between Clinton and Trump?

Physical Map

Political Map

Special-Purpose Map

5 Themes of Geography1. Which theme tells us WHERE a place is?

2. Which theme explains what a location looks like?

3. Which theme refers to an area with at least one unifying physical or human feature?

4. Which theme explores how people, goods, or ideas get from one location to another?

5. Which theme considers how people affect their environment and the environment affects people?

Time Zones

1. If it is 7am in New York City, what time is it in OKC?

2. If it is 7am in New York City, what time is it in Denver?

3. If it is 7am in New York City, what time is it in Los Angeles?

Time Zones

1. If it is 7am in New York City, what time is it in OKC? 6am

2. If it is 7am in New York City, what time is it in Denver? 5am

3. If it is 7am in New York City, what time is it in Los Angeles? 4am

Earth, Sun, & Seasons

1. What causes seasons?

Earth is tilted on it’s axis. So, as it makes its revolution around the sun, the sun shines most directly on different places at

different times. That is why seasons occur.

Forces on Earth’s Surface1. What is the process that breaks down rocks into tiny pieces and has

two types – chemical and mechanical?

2. What is the process in which water, ice, or wind remove small pieces of rock?

3. What two processes affect human settlement patterns by providing soil for agriculture?

Forces on Earth’s Surface

1. Weathering

2. Erosion

3. Weathering & Erosion

Forces Inside Earth

1. What happens when plate tectonics slide against each other at faults?

2. When tectonic plates move and create pressure inside Earth the pressure can form magma and force it up through Earth’s crust, causing…?

Forces Inside Earth

1. What happens when plate tectonics slide against each other at faults? Earthquakes

2. When tectonic plates move and create pressure inside Earth the pressure can form magma and force it up through Earth’s crust, causing…? Volcanoes

Climates & Ecosystems

1. What is the term for the condition of the air and sky at a certain time?

2. What is the term for the average weather of a place over many years?

Climates & Ecosystems

1. What is the term for the condition of the air and sky at a certain time? WEATHER

2. What is the term for the average weather of a place over many years? CLIMATE

Climates & Ecosystems

3. What are the two main ways to describe both

weather and climate?

Temperature

1. What are the low latitudes known as?

2. What are the middle latitudes known as?

3. What are the high latitudes known as?

Temperature

1. What are the low latitudes known as? TROPICS

2. What are the middle latitudes known as?

TEMPERATE ZONES

3. What are the high latitudes known as? POLAR ZONES

Water & Climate1. What act like large rivers within the oceans and are created by

global temperature differences and wind patterns?

2. Water affects climate because the temperature of the water affects

the temperature of _________?

Water & Climate1. What act like large rivers within the oceans and are created by

global temperature differences and wind patterns? OCEANCURRENTS

2. Water affects climate because the temperature of the water affects

the temperature of AIR

Air Circulation & Climate1. The area of rising air near the Equator is known as the

____________________ _____________________ Zone.

2. Rising air increases moisture which leads to higher ______________

near the Equator.

Air Circulation & Climate1. The area of rising air near the Equator is known as the

INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE Zone (ITCZ).

2. Rising air increases moisture which leads to higher PRECIPITATION

near the Equator.

Air Circulation & Climate

3. ______________ occur when two air masses of

different temperatures or moisture contents come

together.

Air Circulation & Climate

3. STORMS occur when two air masses of

different temperatures or moisture contents come

together.

Types of Climate

1. Climate Regions are formed by what?

Types of Climate

1. Climate Regions are formed by what?

Similar patterns of temperature & precipitation!

Ecosystems

1. What is an ecosystem?

Ecosystems

1. What is an ecosystem?

Living things

depending on each

other for survival!

Ecosystems

1. What 2 factors can cause ecosystems to change over time?

Ecosystems

1. What 2 factors can cause ecosystems to change over time?

Physical Processes

Human Activities

Human-Environment Interaction

1. What is the term for useful materials found in the in the environment?

Human-Environment Interaction

1. What is the term for useful materials found in the in the environment? NATURAL RESOURCE

Human-Environment Interaction

2. What is a resource that Earth or people can replace?

3. What is a resource that cannot be replaced?

Human-Environment Interaction

2. What is a resource that Earth or people can replace?

RENEWABLE Resource

3. What is a resource that cannot be replaced?

NON-RENEWABLE Resource

RENEWABLE

SOIL

WATER

PLANTS

ANIMALS

NON-RENEWABLE

FOSSIL FUELS

COAL

NATURAL GAS

OIL

MINERALS

METALS

Land Use

1. What is the movement of new settlers and their

culture to an area?

2. Settlers can change a regions ________________.

Land Use

1. What is the movement of new settlers and their

culture to an area? COLONIZATION

2. Settlers can change a regions LANDSCAPE.

HEI

1. What is the loss of forest cover in a region?

2. Farming can cause pollution by the use of what 2 types of chemicals?

3. When pollution has an effect on someone/something not involved in an activity it is known as ____________

HEI

1. What is the loss of forest cover in a region? DEFORESTATION

2. Farming can cause pollution by the use of what 2 types of chemicals? FERTILIZERS & PESTICIDES

3. When pollution has an effect on someone/something not involved in an activity it is known as SPILLOVER

Economic Systems1. In what type of economy do people make decisions based on

customs and habits?

2. In what type of economy do individual consumers/producers make all decisions?

3. In what type of economy does the government have total control?

4. What type of economy do MOST countries have?

Economic Systems1. In what type of economy do people make decisions based on

customs and habits? TRADITIONAL

2. In what type of economy do individual consumers/producers make all decisions? MARKET

3. In what type of economy does the government have total control? COMMAND

4. What type of economy do MOST countries have? MIXED

Economic Development1. A _________________ country has a strong economy and a high standard of

living; Wealth (20% of world’s countries)

2. _________________ countries have less productive economies and lower standards of living; Poor (80% of world’s countries)

3. What is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a given year?

4. Which would have the biggest effect on economic development?a. Farming c. Education & Trainingb. Weather d. Culture

Economic Development1. A DEVELOPED country has a strong economy and a high standard of living;

Wealth (20% of world’s countries)

2. DEVELOPING countries have less productive economies and lower standards of living; Poor (80% of world’s countries)

3. What is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country in a given year? GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT (GDP)

4. Which would have the biggest effect on economic development?a. Farming c. Education & Trainingb. Weather d. Culture

Economic Development

5. What is the exchange of goods and services?

6. _________________ ____________ occurs when both buyer

and seller are in the same country.

7. _________________ ____________ occurs when the buyer

and seller are in different countries.

Economic Development

5. What is the exchange of goods and services? TRADE

6. DOMESTIC TRADE occurs when both buyer and seller are in

the same country

7. INTERNATIONAL TRADE occurs when the buyer and seller are

in different countries.

Trade

1. Governments sometimes try to protect domestic producers (producers from their country) through trade barriers known as _____________ - which are taxes on imports or exports.

2. A trade barrier is a government policy limiting _______________ trade.

3. The removal of trade barriers is known as ________ trade.

Trade

1. Governments sometimes try to protect domestic producers (producers from their country) through trade barriers known as TARIFFS - which are taxes on imports or exports.

2. A trade barrier is a government policy limiting INTERNATIONAL trade.

3. The removal of trade barriers is known as FREE trade.

Population Growth

1. Scientists who study human populations are called what?

2. What are some negative effects of rapid population growth?

3. What is the formula for population growth?

Population Growth

1. Scientists who study human populations are called what? DEMOGRAPHERS

2. What are some negative effects of rapid population growth? USING UP RESOURCES

3. What is the formula for population growth?

Birth Rate > Death Rate

Population Growth

1. ________________ is the total number of people living in a country’s borders.

2. Population _________________ is the spreading of people over an area of land.

3. Earth’s population is _____________ distributed.

Population Growth

1. POPULATION is the total number of people living in a country’s borders.

2. Population DISTRIBUTION is the spreading of people over an area of land.

3. Earth’s population is UNEVENLY distributed.

Population

1. _________________ is the movement of people from one place to another.

2. What is the term for causes of migration that drive people to leave their home country?

3. What is the term for causes of migration that attract people to new countries?

Population

1. MIGRATION is the movement of people from one place to another.

2. What is the term for causes of migration that drive people to leave their home country? PUSH FACTORS

3. What is the term for causes of migration that attract people to new countries? PULL FACTORS

Population & Movement

1. __________ areas are cities.

2. __________ areas are in the country.

3. _____________________ is the movement of people from the countryside to cities.

Population & Movement

1. URBAN areas are cities.

2. RURAL areas are in the country.

3. URBANIZATION is the movement of people from the countryside to cities.

EXAMPLE: Chinese workers migrating to cities in search of jobs.

Challenges of Urbanization

1. __________ are poor, overcrowded urban neighborhoods.

2. _________________ ____________ is the spread of suburbs away from the core city.

3. What are some negative effects of the above?

Challenges of Urbanization

1. SLUMS are poor, overcrowded urban neighborhoods.

2. SUBURBAN SPRAWL is the spread of suburbs away from the core city.

3. What are some negative effects of the above?

Replacing farmland; deforestation; increased pollution

???

1. ______________ is the beliefs, customs, practices, and behaviors of a particular nation or group of people.

2. A _______________ ____________ is an idea or way of doing things that is common to a certain culture.

3. A ____________ is a group of humans with a shared culture who have organized themselves to meet their basic needs.

4. The most basic unit of any society is the ____________.

Culture & Society

1. CULTURE is the beliefs, customs, practices, and behaviors of a particular nation or group of people.

2. A CULTURAL TRAIT is an idea or way of doing things that is common to a certain culture.

3. A SOCIETY is a group of humans with a shared culture who have organized themselves to meet their basic needs.

4. The most basic unit of any society is the FAMILY.

Culture & Society1. A ______________ _______________ is a pattern of organized

relationships among groups of people within a society.

2. Industrial societies often organize members according to their ____________ ____________, groups of people living in similar economic conditions.

Culture & Society1. A SOCIAL STRUCTURE is a pattern of organized relationships among

groups of people within a society.

2. Industrial societies often organize members according to their SOCIAL CLASS, group of people living in similar economic conditions.

Culture & Society1. Cultures could not exist without _______________, it is the basis

for all societies.

2. What problems can differences in language within a country cause?

Culture & Society1. Cultures could not exist without LANGUAGE, it is the basis for all

societies.

2. What problems can differences in language within a country cause?

HARDER TO ACHIEVE UNITY

Religion1. The major religions of the world began on what continent?

2. Religion helps people answer basic questions about the meaning of __________

3. All religions have _____________, _____________, and _________________________

Religion1. The major religions of the world began on what continent? ASIA

2. Religion helps people answer basic questions about the meaning of LIFE

3. All religions have PRAYERS, RITUALS, and RELIGIOUS HOLIDAYS

The Arts1. A __________________ theme is a subject or idea that relates to

the entire world (like love, death, peace, and war).

2. Art forms meant to be seen are known as _____________ arts.

3. _______________ is the design and construction of buildings.

4. _____________ is the art form that uses sound

The Arts1. A UNIVERSAL theme is a subject or idea that relates to the entire

world (like love, death, peace, and war).

2. Art forms meant to be seen are known as VISUAL arts.

3. ARCHITECTURE is the design and construction of buildings.

4. MUSIC is the art form that uses sound

Culture & Change1. The spread of cultural traits from one location to another is known

as cultural ___________________.

2. Cultural variety is also known as __________________.

Culture & Change1. The spread of cultural traits from one location to another is known

as cultural DIFFUSION.

2. Cultural variety is also known as DIVERSITY.

Science & Technology1. The 1st societies with complex cultures, or civilizations, developed

how many years ago?

2. What invention led to the mass production of books, spreading knowledge and ideas and increasing the number of educated people?

Science & Technology1. The 1st societies with complex cultures, or civilizations, developed

how many years ago? ABOUT 5,000

2. What invention led to the mass production of books, spreading knowledge and ideas and increasing the number of educated people? PRINTING PRESS

Citizenship1. What is a group of people who have the power to make and enforce

laws for a country or area?

2. A ___________-state is an independent state consisting of a city and its surrounding territories.

3. A ___________-state is a state that is independent of other states.

4. Today most states are ___________-states.

Citizenship1. What is a group of people who have the power to make and enforce

laws for a country or area? GOVERNMENT

2. A CITY-STATE is an independent state consisting of a city and its surrounding territories.

3. A NATION-STATE is a state that is independent of other states.

4. Today most states are NATION-STATES.

Types of Government1. In which form of government do the citizens hold the power?

2. In which form of government does a King/Queen share power with Representatives of the people?

3. What is a common form of authoritarian government?

Types of Government1. In which form of government do the citizens hold the power?

DEMOCRACY

2. In which form of government does a King/Queen share power with Representatives of the people? CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY

3. What is a common form of authoritarian government? COMMUNISM

Political Structures1. What are the 3 levels of a federal system (from top down)?

2. The U.S. Constitution established 3 branches of government, what are they?

3. Each branch has some power to change or cancel the actions of the other branches – establishing a system of ___________ and _______________.

Political Structures1. What are the 3 levels of a federal system (from top down)?

CENTRAL, REGIONAL, LOCAL

2. The U.S. Constitution established 3 branches of government, what are they? EXECUTIVE, LEGISLATIVE, JUDICIAL

3. Each branch has some power to change or cancel the actions of the other branches – establishing a system of CHECKS and BALANCES.