geological background of mount sumbing central java indonesia

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G. Cleft04 June 2014

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G. cleft, CENTRAL JAVA

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HOME PROFILE V OLCANO LAND MOV EMENT EARTHQUAK E & TSUNAMI DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION E-MAIL



Volcano Cleft

GENERAL INFORMATION

NAME volcanoes : G. Cleft



OTHER NAME : -

NAME OF CRATER : -

LOCATION : a. Geography Peak: 7 23 'latitude and 110 03'30 "E

b. Administration: Magelang, County Waterford, Wonosobo and

Purworejo

HEIGHT : 3371m asl

TYPE volcanoes : Strato volcanoes type A

Nearby Cities : Waterford, Central Java

POS OBSERVATIONS : Gentingsari village, district. Parakan, Kab.Temanggung, Central

Java.

Geographic coordinates: 07 17.08 'latitude and 110 03.8' E,

altitude above sea level 950 AD.

INTRODUCTION

Sumbing in Central Java are included in Magelang District, County Waterford, Wonosobo and Purworejo. The peak elevation of 3371 m above sea level.

Geographically teretak at 07 17.08 'latitude and 110 03.8' E. Because the crater rim northeast been destroyed and thus appears as if torn, then called

Sumbing, because it seems as though such as cleft lip.

The nearby town of Magelang respectively in the southeast, Waterford in the north-east, Parakan in sebelahutara and Wonosobo in the west. Cleft foothills

west-northwest border with Mount Sundoro, while in the south and southeast border with Menoreh Mountains, Beser and Kekep.

To reach the summit ascent of Mount Cleft usually done from the northwest that of Kampung Garung (1543 m), the village took, District Kalijajar, Wonosobo.

Climbing can also be done from the north that of Kecapit, Parakan; northeast direction is from the village of Need or Selogowok, Waterford; southeast direction



ie from Kalegen, Magelang; southwestern direction ie from Sapuran, Wonosobo. Part gentle slope with Magelang; southwestern direction ie from Sapuran,

Wonosobo. Part gentle slope with a slope of about 15 between a height of approximately 1500 to 2000 m, while the upper slopes are steep slope of about 25

even up to 30 between altitudes above 2000 to 3000 m asl. Because the land is very fertile almost all regions gentle slope to a height of approximately

2,000 m has been used as a folk plantation areas, such as vegetables (cabbage, carrots, potatoes, nuts kacan etc.) in addition to the cultivation of tobacco.

Because the people that live around Sumbing pretty solid, to a radius of approximately 8 km from the summit, the population numbered nearly 100,000

inhabitants (1989).

Because it is composed of igneous rock (lava) very hard, almost all areas on steep slopes that the condition was very arid, in general, only overgrown bushes, and

even started a height of approximately 3000 m just overgrown grass hairy leaves.



Image Map Crater G. Cleft, Central Java



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3/18/2015 G. Cleft - MORPHOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY | Agency Geology - Geology Disaster

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G. Cleft - Morphology and Topography04 June 2014

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MORPHOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY

Morphology or topographic Sumbing can be divided into two units morologi, ie morphology slopes

and morphology of the summit.

S lope Regional Morphology

The morphology of the area is the area of the body volcanic slopes between an altitude of

approximately 1400 to 3300m above sea level. Gentle slope portion having a slope of about 15

between a height of approximately 1400 to 2000m above sea level. Morphological Unit is composed

by rock eruption of relatively soft and deeply cut by streams. Baatuannya consists of lapilli, tuff, tuff

fine sandy to rocky pumice tuff. Bottom slope indicates low undulating areas, predominantly composed

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of pyroclastic rocks. Steep slope section has a slope of about 25 -30 started altitudes above 2000 to

approximately 3300m above sea level. On the upper slopes there are many escarpment-escarpment

and grooves upstream narrow and deep. Part of this steep slopes dominant rock composed of lava

(lava flows) are formed ridge between furrows upstream.

Petarangan parasitic cone height of approximately 200m above sea appears at the foot of the north, a

peak altitude of 1292m above sea level, while the parasitic cone Namu appear at the foot next to the

landmark, a peak altitude of 1033m above sea level.

Morphology Peak Region

Peak area between 3260-3571m altitude Sumbing asl. Crater diameter of approximately 800m, oval-

shaped to resemble the shape of a horseshoe that is open to the northeast. The depth of the crater

approximately 100-150m. Bund or crater rim that resembles a horseshoe shape this flank lava dome

that stretches 450m wide and descend towards the northeast. leleran lava from the lava dome is up to

an altitude of 2400m above sea approximately forming lava tongue. High lava dome approximately

50m from the bottom of the crater or approximately 3250m above sea level, the rock is composed of

hornblende andesite. Dike rock crater consists of augite hornblende andesite hipersten, which in some

wall / cliff crater visible meniang muscular structure.

At the bottom of the crater there are 4 narrow plateau that is the rest of the former eruption holes

filled by loose material sized sand, lapilli up chunks of lava dome origin:

1. Narrow plains north (Crater A) altitude of 3159m, located between berbongkah lava (lava dome

in 1730) and dike north.

2. Narrow plains west (Crater B), located between 1730 lava dome clan dike west.

3. Narrow plains south (Crater C) 3183m altitude lies between the lava dome in 1730 and

embankment south.

4. Narrow plains east plains narrow 2 (Crater D), elevation of 3196m above sea level lies between

the lava dome in 1730 and the north-south trending dike.



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3/18/2015 G. Cleft - Volcanic ACTIVITIES AND EXPLOSION IS REGISTERED IN HISTORY | Agency Geology - Geology Disaster


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G. Cleft - volcanic activity and eruptions in recorded history04 June 2014

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Volcanic ACTIVITIES AND EXPLOSION IS REGISTERED IN HISTORY

Eruption in recorded history only one that is in 1730 that occurred in the summit crater, where lava

dome formed by lava flows towards the lowest crater rim is expected to occur in the (Junghuhn, 1853

and Traverne, 1926).

In 1937 solfatara smoke temperature of approximately 90 C appears on the dome of lava and mud

behind the lava dome. At the peak of inspection / craters were conducted in June 1989, one of the

former eruption hole located in the northern portion of water filled with grayish. Not appear to have

volcanic activity, smoke solfatara and fumarole in the peak / crater, both the location and

hembusannya in June 1989 is not much different when compared with the situation in 1977. Clouds of

smoke solfatara in various places produce crystals precipitated sulfur.

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In the west there are two adjacent plains, may be limited by blocks of lava. Here appears in the form of

a cloud of volcanic activity solfatara, fumarola and hot springs. Sebeleah narrow plains in the south

which is flanked by a lava dome and crater bund southeast-southwest filled with loose material that has

been overgrown with grass. In some places appear to former activities fumarola solfatara and whitish.

in 1922 have not been covered in lava dome plants. New since 1925 start-lumutan moss and grass. At

this time a rather dense lava dome covered by herbaceous plants and grasses.

Former hole no.4 eruption (Crater D) volcanic activity in the form of a cloud of smoke solfatara and

fumarole. In some places there are gases containing S0 2 , H 2 S, C0 2 and C 1 . Solfatara smoke and

fomarola the exit rows generally follow two fractures. The first cracks are in the west of the base of the

crater along approximately 150m, the second fracture to the east of and parallel to the first fracture.

adjacent to the copy-copy the gas is no place that the locals called "sacred grave of Sunan Geseng".

Just as in the year 1921/1922 puff of gases only appear on the bottom of the crater alone. In 1921

the temperature ranges between 85 -98 C. In 1927 the temperature is slightly decreased, namely 78

C-95 C. 1927 solfatara and fumarole temperature fracture west from north to south is 89 C-85.5

C In general, the temperature of the gas holes in the fractures and fissures west east down 5 C-7 C

compared to the previous.

The temperature at which there is a mud pond in the middle of the crater floor is 36 C, the

temperature in the pool is the lowest temperature. 1934 solfatara temperature on fracture west

ranged between 88.5 C -91 C There are 3 gas puff puff sound (blazer), temperature 91 C.

Former hole no.2 eruption (Crater B), volcanic activity in the form of a cloud of smoke fumarola and

thin white solfatara out of the western part of the fracture temperature 89 C-125 C. Here also there

are hot springs. In 1977 the maximum temperature reached 125 C, ie at solfatara strong pressure

with a loud clanging sound (blazer), the temperature on the other blazer hole of about 100 C, while

the temperature of the hot springs 86 C. The hot springs of sulfur-smelling water is very clear and it

feels rough. On the east side there are 2 pieces hot mud pools, temperature 77 C. Temperatures in

holes solfatara on fracture at the base of the crater east 34 C-76 C.



In general, the temperature at 1977 solfatara holes tend to show an increase of 7 C to 34 C as

compared to 1934. The change / movement of volcanic activity occurs only around the crater B. At

first glance like there is a balance between temperature and broad dissemination solfatara field and

fumarole, where if the hot effluent tersebat wider then the temperature will go down and vice versa.

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3/18/2015 G. Cleft - EXPLOSION HAZARD MITIGATION BUSINESS | Agency Geology - Geology Disaster


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G. Cleft - Hazard Mitigation Effort Eruption04 June 2014

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EXPLOSION HAZARD MITIGATION BUSINESS

To reduce the number of casualties and damage caused by volcanic eruptions, carried out in various

ways, which do Observation and Research and the making of the Regional Hazard Map.

Observation and Research

For the eruption forecasting, it is necessary to observe and study the various methods such as seismic,

temperature, geochemical, deformation, visual and others. Since 1984 Sumbing activity has been

monitored from Observation Post Gentingsari village, district. Parakan, Kab. Waterford, Central Java.

Observation Post Gentingsari also to monitor volcanic activity of Mount Sundoro or north Sumbing at

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an altitude of approximately 980m above sea more.

Disaster-Prone Regions

If based on the observation and study predicted that Sumbing will erupt, it is necessary to notify

residents to evacuate or need to evacuate residents from areas that are considered harmful to a safe

place before or at the time of the eruption. In connection with that it is also necessary Hazard Map of

Regions, in addition of course studied and observed continuously from Volcano Observation Post.

Disaster Prone Kawasa compiled Sumbing is valid only if the leusan in peak area or from the main

crater and the direction perpendicular to the eruption of the caldera formation does not occur;

morphology and topography unchanged.

Around the 1730 eruption in the summit crater. In this eruption by Junghuhn (1853), Traverne (1926)

lava flow occurs toward the northeast until the line height of approximately 2400m. Both Junghuhn

and Traverne not explain whether the northeast crater rim destroyed (disconnected) because battered

by the lava flows. According to Neumann van Padang (1937), leleran berbongkah lava from the

eruption of 1730 broke the dike wall of the crater north-east.

Although throughout history Sumbing never erupted, catastrophic, however, to maintain the

possibility of eruption endangering people living in the vicinity, should dipersiapkkan Regional Hazard

Map as a handle or emergency guidelines in taking action to safeguard residents from danger. Regional

Hazard Map This defines the area that is considered hazardous in case of an eruption, either direct or

indirect danger.

Based on experience, a volcano that has not erupted normally be devastating eruptions if this happens.

The possibility of hot clouds can not be underestimated (Kusumadinata, 1980).

Disaster Prone Kawasa applies only to the eruption in the summit area, especially the eruption that

occurred in the horseshoe-shaped crater that swear lava. This map was prepared to face the possibility

of a major eruption, such as Mt. Agung in Bali (1963), G. Galunggung in West Java (1983), G. Colo

Una-Una Island (1983), Kelud in Java Tmur (1990 ).



The state of the natural shape (morphology and topography) will influence the direction of the spread

of material, especially the danger of eruption clouds glide heat, lava flows and lava. The shape of the

clouds and the direction in which the opening will determine which areas are most likely to be knocked

in case of eruption. Department of clouds glide heat and lava flows will mainly follow the ravines and

river valleys in the area tipped crest / edge of the crater.

Cleft crater open to the northeast. So if there is a rather great eruption, probably clouds glide heat,

lava flows and lava will hit sectors of the river valleys that flow towards the northeast as K. Kedu, K.

Feathers, K. Gondang, K. and K. Gintung Parang.

For rock burst hazard, volcanic bombs, lapilli, especially sand and ash, spread influenced by wind

direction varies according to the season. On the map of the danger area is only estimated radial limit

may still be dangerous.

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G. Cleft - Regional Restrictions Danger04 June 2014

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LIMITATION OF DANGER

Based on morphology and topography, the nature of the activities of a volcanic eruption and spread of

past material, then the danger area Sumbing divided into Regional and Local Hazard Alert.

Danger area

Danger area is the area that is prone to explosion hazard in the form of clouds glide heat, lava, lava

leleran, throw rocks such as volcanic bombs, lapilli, sand and ash rain. Because the population of the

area to be evacuated if there are signs of an eruption will occur.

Without taking into account the direction of the wind at the time of the eruption, the danger of rock

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burst in the danger area covers a circular area with a radius of 5 km centered active crater.

Against the dangers of hot clouds glide, leleran lava and lava flows mainly to threaten the northeast

sector following the river valleys are tipped from the top or from the edge of the crater.

The number of residents in the danger area is approximately 23,500 inhabitants (July 1989).

Regional A lert

Alert area is an extension of the Regional Hazard area. Without taking into account the direction of the

wind at the time of the eruption, to the danger of burst lapilli, sand and ash rain, perhaps volcanic

bombs; includes a circular area outside the Regional Hazard with radius approximately 8 km, centered

active crater. The population in this area is approximately 71,500 inhabitants (July 1989).

For the possibility of lahar hazards varies along the river valleys. Some rivers that disgorge from peak

areas may be impassable lava flooding rains, when after the eruption in the summit area heavy rain

long enough. Therefore, the population in this area should be alert (alert) when it rains after the

eruption.

Areas not covered by these two areas are considered safe, however, does not mean that it is not

affordable at all material eruption. There may be materials eruption could reach the area, but still in a

state that does not threaten the safety of the population that is not restricted to any Local or Regional

Hazard Alert.

AREA prone to volcanic disasters

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G. Cleft - Bibliography04 June 2014

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Hamidi. S .. 1989, Report of the Regional Hazard Mapping Sumbing. Central Java, in July 1989,

Directorate of Volcanology. 16 h..tidak published.

--------- 1991, Volcano Hazards Regional Pemeetaan One Way To Counter

Volcanic eruption disaster, Directorate of Volcanology. 26 pp., Unpublished.

Kusumadinata. R .. 1975, Volcanic Hazard Maps, BDG. VIII. n. 2

-------, Et al .. 1979. Basic data Indonesian Volcano. Directorate of Volcanology, Bandung.

-------, 1980. Effects of Volcanic Eruptions Against Massyarakat, Directorate of Volcanology, Bandung.

Matahelumual. J., 1982. volcanoes and the dangers in Indonesia, Bull. volcanol. Survey Eng., N. 105

Neumann van Padang, M., 1951. Catalogue of the active volcanoes of the world

Including solfatara fields, part I. Indonesia; Napoli, Italy, pp. 113-115

Sjarifudin, MZ, and Rewards. R .. 1977, Field Inspection Reports Sumbing,

Central Java, Directorate of Volcanology, 21 pp., Unpublished.

Sudrajat, A., 1982, Volcanic and Abatement. BDG, v. 14, n. 9

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Traverne. NJNi., 1926, op Vulkaanstudien Java. Vull :. en Seism. Meded., VII, hh.52-56

geological background of mount sumbing central java indonesia

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