geological evidence of glacial activity in new york state
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Geological Evidence of Glacial Activity in New York State](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649f175503460f94c2d72d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Geological Geological Evidence of Glacial Evidence of Glacial
Activity in New Activity in New York StateYork State
![Page 2: Geological Evidence of Glacial Activity in New York State](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649f175503460f94c2d72d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The ice age in North America began about two million years ago and ended about 6000 years ago.
During this period four major glacial advances occurred. Deposits and glacial evidence may be
found in all northern states. But only in New York can we find the latest glacial evidence. Earlier
glacial evidence has bin swept away. This glacier that swept away all the evidence is called the
Wisconsin glacier. This took place 20,000 years ago. Many examples of evidence of this glacier are
visible today. n years ago and ended about 6000 years ago.
![Page 3: Geological Evidence of Glacial Activity in New York State](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649f175503460f94c2d72d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
GLACIER FACTSGLACIER FACTS
• 20,000 years ago glaciers covered all of Canada and extended southward over the sites of Seattle, Chicago, and New York city.
•All of New York ,except for the Allegheny state park was once buried under ice more than one mile thick.
•The glaciers over road all of the Adirondack mountains including the highest mountain which is Mt. Marcy.
•Because of their great thickness and mass, glaciers completely override all land features even some times large mountains.
![Page 4: Geological Evidence of Glacial Activity in New York State](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649f175503460f94c2d72d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
• Today very few places have low enough average temperatures and sufficient snow fall for glaciers to form.
•Antarctica is covered by the largest glacier that is one and a half times as large as the United States.
•New York’s Finger Lakes were carved out by glacial ice.
•Long Island is a 120 mile long out washed plain. It has no bedrock.
•Niagara Falls began when the Wisconsin Glacier melted.
![Page 5: Geological Evidence of Glacial Activity in New York State](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649f175503460f94c2d72d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
GLACIER TERMINOLOGYGlacier: is a body of ice showing evidence of movement as reported bythe presence of ice flow line, crevasses and recent geologic features.
Glacial Advances: is the net movement of glacier terminus downvalley.Advance occurs when the rate of glacier flow downvalley is greater thanits rate of ablation.
Moraine:rock debris deposited by a glacier.
Striations: are the scratches etched in to the rock at the bed of a glacier.
Till:is the unsorted rock debris deposited directly by the glacier withoutthe extreme reworking by meltwater. Also called Glacial Till.
![Page 6: Geological Evidence of Glacial Activity in New York State](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649f175503460f94c2d72d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Erratic:Bolder transported by a glacier that generally differs from thebedrock beneath the rock.
Kettle: depression in a glacial deposit were outwash was deposited around a residual block of ice.
Kame: A conical hill of sand and gravel deposited by a melting glacier.
Continental Glacier: ice sheet of continental proportion.
MeltWater: water from ice and snow, especially from a glacier
![Page 7: Geological Evidence of Glacial Activity in New York State](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649f175503460f94c2d72d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
This is a glacial erratic that shows evidence of weathering and erosion
![Page 8: Geological Evidence of Glacial Activity in New York State](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649f175503460f94c2d72d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Two erratics lined up in approximate direction of ice flow
![Page 9: Geological Evidence of Glacial Activity in New York State](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649f175503460f94c2d72d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
May be a small kettle lake or pond, rounded edges and poor drainage.
![Page 10: Geological Evidence of Glacial Activity in New York State](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649f175503460f94c2d72d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
A large erratic placed here by a glacier.
![Page 11: Geological Evidence of Glacial Activity in New York State](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649f175503460f94c2d72d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Evidence of frost wedging since glacial deposition.
![Page 12: Geological Evidence of Glacial Activity in New York State](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649f175503460f94c2d72d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
One side of this U-shaped glacial valley shows glacial debris of all sizes
![Page 13: Geological Evidence of Glacial Activity in New York State](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649f175503460f94c2d72d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
U-shaped valley showing smooth side to the right.
![Page 14: Geological Evidence of Glacial Activity in New York State](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649f175503460f94c2d72d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Unsorted, angular edged fragments deposited by glacial ice.
![Page 15: Geological Evidence of Glacial Activity in New York State](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649f175503460f94c2d72d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Young stream eroding through the glacial debris.
![Page 16: Geological Evidence of Glacial Activity in New York State](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649f175503460f94c2d72d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Scratches on a rock caused by glacial till
![Page 17: Geological Evidence of Glacial Activity in New York State](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649f175503460f94c2d72d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Another large erratic showing scratching going in one direction.
![Page 18: Geological Evidence of Glacial Activity in New York State](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649f175503460f94c2d72d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Evidence of weathering of erratic since the last ice age.
![Page 19: Geological Evidence of Glacial Activity in New York State](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649f175503460f94c2d72d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
A different angle of this large glacial erratic
![Page 20: Geological Evidence of Glacial Activity in New York State](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649f175503460f94c2d72d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Large erratic for this area but in the mid-west the ‘haystack boulders’ may be as large as a house.
![Page 21: Geological Evidence of Glacial Activity in New York State](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061406/56649f175503460f94c2d72d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Bibliography
Ramsey, William L. Modern Earth Science. Holt, Rinehart and WinstonPublishers: NewYork, 1979.
USGS. “Glossary of Selected Glacier Terminology”. http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/glossary/Glaciers/glaciers_terminology.html
Van Diver, Bradford B. Roadside Geology. Mountain Press Publishing Company: Missoula, 1985.