geology 2007-2008 onwards b.sc. three year … i: physical geology and crystallography 60 ......

GEOLOGY

2007-2008 onwards

B.Sc. Three Year Degree Course

I Semester B.Sc.

Paper I: Physical Geology and Crystallography

60Hours

Physical Geology 45 hrs

Introduction: Definition, Aim and Scope of Geology, relationship with other branches ofscience, branches of Geology. 1 hr

Planet Earth: Forms and Dimension of the Earth and its position in solar system. 1 hr

Origin of Earth: Nebular, Planetesimal, tidal twin star & meteoritic hypothesis.3hrs

Age of the Earth: Radimetric methods [Rb-Sr, U-Pb, Sm-Nd, Pb-Pb]. 2hrs.

Interior of the Earth: Crust, Mantle and Core, their composition based on Seismic evidences.

3hr

Concept of Isostasy. 1 hr

Epigenic Processes:

Weathering: Definition, Types-Mechanical, Chemical and Biological weathering products.

2hrs

Soil and soil profile1hrs

Wind: Definition, Geological action a) Erosion-Deflation, Abrasion, Attrition.

b) Geomorphic (Eros ional) features-pedestal rocks, ventifacts. Mode of transportation-suspension, salutation, traction. Depositional features-Loess, San dunes, Barchans.5hrs

Rivers: Definition, stages of rivers (youth mature and old) Geological action of rivers-Erosion-Hydraulic action, Abrasion, Attrition, Corrosion. Eros ional features-Pot holes, ‘V’shaped valleys, waterfalls, meanders, OX-bow lakes, Canyons Gorges. Transportation –Suspension, Saltation, solution. Depositional features-Alluvial fans and cones, Deltas, Floodplains, Natural Levees.5hrs

Oceans: Definition, topography of seafloor, Zones-Littoral, Continental shelf, Continentalslope, and Abyssal. Movement of Sea water-Tides, waves, currents. Geological work ofOceans-Erosion, Transportation, and Deposition. Features of Marine erosion and Deposition.Coral reefs- Definition, Formation and origin, Types-Fringing reef, Barrier reef and Atolls.

5hr

Glaciers: Introduction, Definition, Glacial morphology, types of glaciers Ice sheets, Piedmontglaciers. Geological work of glaciers-Erosion, Transportation and Deposition, Glacial erosionplucking, Abrasion, frost wedging. Glacial Eros ional feature-Cirques, ;U’ shaped valleys,hanging valleys. Transportation, glacial deposit-Moraines, Eskers, Kames buried valleys,Tilltes.

5hrs.

Ground Water: Geological action of Ground water, Erosional features – sinks, caverns,solution valleys, Transportation- solution depositional features- Concretions, stalactites andStalagmites.

3hrs

Hypogenic Processes:

Volcanoes: Definition, Description of typical volcano, classification-central, fissure, active,dormant, extinct. Products of volcanoes-solid, liquid, gases; hot springs, Geysers, fumaroles.Distribution and causes of volcanoes. 3hrs

Earthquakes: Definition, Focus, Epicenter, distribution. Causes and effects, Classification,seismic waves-P,S and L. Seismograph and Seismograms, Richter scale, Recent Earth quakesin India.

5hrs

MINERALOGY15hrs

Introduction, Definition, relation with other branches of science, Branches of Mineralogy. a)Crystallography, b) Physical Mineralogy, c) Chemical Mineralogy, d)Optical Mineralogy, e)Descriptive Mineralogy.1hrs

Crystallography: Introduction, Formation-Crystals, Crystalline and Amorphous. Definition ofcrystal and crystal elements, law of Constancy of interfacial angle, contact Goniometer,Measurement of interfacial angle Crystallographic axes- Definition, Axial characters(constants). Classification of crystals into 6 systems. Symmetry elements-Centre, Plane, Axisand Composite symmetry.5hr

Classification of crystals based on Symmetry elements, Nomenclature of Symmetry classes,Dana, Ford, Weiss notation, Miller’s indices.2hrs

Forms –Unit, Fixed, variable, closed, open, and general.1hrs

Study of the following symmetry classes with their forms

i)4/m-3 2/m,- Galena Type, ii) 4/m 2/m 2/m-Zircon type, iii)6/m 2/m 2/m-Beryl type, iv) 2/m2/m 2/m-Barite type, v02/m Gypsum type, vi)1- Wollastonite type.5hrs

Twins – Definition, parts, types and twin laws1hrs

PRACTICALS: Paper I: Crystallography and Geomorphology16hrs

Crystallography: Verification of Euler’s formula, Interfacial angle & its Measurements.Notations: Miller’s Indices, Weiss notation. Classification of Crystals into Systems based ontheir axial characters. Study of symmetry elements and forms of Isometric, Tetragonal,Hexagonal, Orthorhombic, Monoclinic and Triclinic systems.10hr

Twins1hrs

Geomorphology: Study of important Geomorphologic Models.5hrs

Reference:

1. Principles of Physical Geology- Arther Holmes, 1993, Chaman and Hall, London2. Principles of Geomorphology-W.D. Thorn Bury, 1985, Wiley Eastern3. Study in Applied Geomorphology - Hemalatha Singh, 1991, Anupama Publication4. Text book of Mineralogy- Dana, 196, Wiley Eastern Ltd.5. An Introduction to Crystallography-F.C. Phillips, 1963, John Wiley and Sons.6. Elements of Crystallography- Tareen, J.A. and Kutti, TRN 1980, University press.

Paper II: Geodynamics and Mineralogy

Geodynamics: Hours60

Introduction, Continental Drift, evidences, and sea floor spreading, hot spots.15hrs

Plate Tectonics: Evaluation of plate-tectonics theory, plates and their margins, constructiveand destructive margins, Plate boundaries- Divergent, Convergent and Transform fault,causes of movements of plates, origin, distribution and significance of mid oceans ridges,trenches and island arcs. Plea-magnetism, Relation between progeny, magmanetism,metamorphism and metallogeny. Evolution of oceans and continents.12hrs

Mineralogy:30hrs

Introduction, Definition, relationship with other branches of science.1hrs

Physical mineralogy- Mineral definition, formation and broader classification of minerals.2hrs

Properties of minerals:

i) Characters depending up on the state of aggregation-habit, form.

ii) Properties depending upon Cohesion, elasticity, cleavage, fracture, hardness and tenacity.

iii) Characters depending upon light-color, streak, luster, diaphaneity, play of colors,opalescence, luminescence, fluorescence, phosphorescence, tarnish and iridescence.

iv) Characters depending upon electricity-conductivity, pyre, piezo. Magnetism: Para, dialand Ferro- magnetism, thermo-electricity

v) Specific gravity and methods of determining specific gravity7hrs.

Chemical mineralogy: Isomorphism, polymorphism, pseudo orphism. Chemical Bonding-Ionic, covalent, metallic, Vander walls bonding.

4hrs

Descriptive mineralogy:

i) Classification of minerals based on chemical composition and structure.1hrs

ii) Silicates-Classification of silicates based on their structure-neso silicates, sore silicates,cycle silicates, ion silicates, phyllosilicates and tecto-silicates,

3hrs

iii) Study of the following groups of minerals: Olivine, Garnet, Pyroxene, Amphiboles, Mica,Quartz and Feldspar groups.

12hrs

Optical Mineralogy:15hrs

Introduction, Nature, Transmission, reflection, refraction, refractive index, critical angle, totalreflection, double refraction.

2hrs

Polarization of light, Polaroid’s, Nicolas prism2hrs

Optical classification of Crystals2hrs

Birefringence by Michael levy’s chart2hrs

Pleochroism.1hrs

Interference colors2hrs

Extinction Angle, Twinning2hrs

Optical Accessories-Mica plate, Gypsum plate and quartz wedge.2hrs

Practical: Mineralogy and Optical mineralogy16Parc

Mineralogy:

Identification of following minerals based on their physical properties9prac

Oxides-Corundum Halides-Fluorite, halite, Carbonates-Calcite, Mangiest and Dolomite,Phosphate-Apatite, Sulphate-Beryl, Gypsum, Silicates-Nesosilicates-Olivine, Garnet,Andalusite, Kyanite, sillimantie, Staurolite.

Soroilicates - Epidote, Cyclosilicates-Barite, Tourmaline

Inosilicate:

a) Pyroxenes- Hypersthene, Augite.b) Amphibole- Actionlite, Tremolite and Hornblende.

Pyrosilicates-Talc, Muscovite, biotite, lepidolite.

Tectosilicates:

a) Quartz & its varitiesb) Feldspars-Microcline, orthoclase and plagiclasc) Zeolites - Natrolite, stilbite

Optical Mineralogy: 1 Prac

Petrological Micriscope. 1 Prac

Determination of refraction and double refraction 1 Prac

Determination of relative refringence by Becke’s method and Kolk’s method. 1 Prac

Determination of vibration direction and sign of elongation. 1 Prac

Determination of Interference colors. 1 Prac

Determination of Pleochroism-Dichroism-Pleochroism. 1 Parc

Measurement of Extinction Angle. 1 Parc

Reference:

1. Plate tectonics and crustal evalution – Candie, K.C. 197, Elservier Publications.

2. Manual of Mineralogy-Klein, C. and Hurbust, Jr. C.S 1993, John Wiley3. Text book Mineralogy-Dana, 196, Wiley Eastern Ltd.4. Rock forming Minerals-Deer, W.A Howie, Zussman, J., Long man5. Optical Mineralogy-4th Edition, Kerr, 1977, McGraw Hill, Bock inc. NY

III Semester B.Sc

Paper-III: Petrology 60 hours

Petrology: Introduction, definition of rock, relationship with other branches of Geology 1hr

Classification of rocks –Igneous, sedimentary & Metamorphic 2 hrs

Igneous Rocks-Introduction, forms of igneous rocks-Extrusive and Intrusive. Concordant:-Sill, Laccoliths, and Phacolith and Discordant:- Dyke, Ring Dyke, cone sheets, volcanic neck,batholiths, stock and boss

5hrs

Structures:- Vesicular, Amygdaloidal, blocky, ropy, pillow, columnar.2hrs

Textures:- Significance of textures, factors determining textures, types of textures-equigranular:- Pan idiomorphic, hypidiomorphic and allotriomorphic. Inequigranular;-Prophetic, policlinic, ophitic, basaltic, intergrowth, flow textures.

5hrs.

Classification: Basis of classification – Chemical, Mineralogical , Textural and Tabularclassification of Tyrrel.

4hrs

Important rock types: Granite, Granodiorite, Diorite, Gabbro, Peridotite, Dunite, Syenite,Dolorite, Porphories, Pegmatitie, Basalt, Andesite, Rhyolite and Kimberlites.3hrs

Pathogenesis: Introduction, Concept of system, Chemical potential and phase rule.3hrs.

Magma, generation of magma in mantle and crust, physical properties of magma temperature,pressure and viscosity, composition of magma and lava 4hrs

Crystallization of magma- Uni-component and binary system. Bowen’s reaction principle.1hrs

Differentiation and assimilation.2hrs

Sedimentary petrology: Sedimentary rock: sedimentation-weathering, transpiration,lithification and digenesis.

2hrs

Structures of sedimentary rocks-stratification, lamination, ripple marks, current bedding,graded bedding, sun cracks, rain prints. 2hrs

Textures of sedimentary rocks: size and shape of the grains and cementing material. 2hrs

Classification based on mode of formation-residual, mechanical, chemical and Organic.2hrs

Based on grain size: Rudaceous, Areaceous, argillaceous. 2hrs

Important rock types: Clastic sediments-Conglomerate, Breccia, Sandtone, Graywake,Shales.

2h

Metamorphic rocks:

Metamorphism, agents of metamorphism-temperature, pressure and chemically active fluids,Process of Metamorphism

2hrs

Kinds of metamorphism-Cataclstic, thermal, dynamo-thermal metamorphism.2hrs

Concept of grades, Facies and zones.2hrs

Fabric of metamorphic rocks-cataclysmic, maculae, schistose, granulose, gneissose,Granolithic, porphyroblastic, relict. 3hrs

Thermal metamorphism, metamorphic aureole, effects of thermal metamorphism onargillaceous rocks and calcareous rocks.

4hrs

Important rock types: Gneiss, Schist, Slate, Marble, Quartzite, Amphibolites and Chromites3h

PRACTICALS: Paper III: petrology 16 Practicals

Microscopic identification of Minerals

Study of optical properties of the following rock forming minerals-quarz, orthoclase,plagioclase, microcline, biotitic mica, hornblende, agate, hypersthenes, Calcite, olivine,garnet, actinolite, illuminate, kyanite, tourmaline.3 Pract

Megascopic Identification of rocks

Igneous rocks- Granite, syenite, diorite, gabbros, peridotite, dunite. Porphyries, pegmatite’s,Dolerites, royalties, tactile, andesine, and basalt. 4Pract

Sedimentary rocks: Sand stone, shale, grit, conglomerate, breccias, limestone 2Pract

Metamorphic rocks: Quartzite, Marble, Schist, gneiss, slate, charnockites 2Pract

Microscopic identification of rocks: Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks as listedabove 5 Pract

BOOKS FOR REFERENES:

1. Igneous & Metamorphic Petrology-Turner. W & Verchoogen. J, 1970, McGrill Hill2. Igneous Petrology-T.F.W Barth-1962, John Wiley and Sons3. Metamorphic Petrology-Bashkar Rao, 1985, Oxford and IBH,4. Sedimentary Petrology-petijohn, 3rd edition, 1986,

IV Semester B.Sc,

Paper IV: Paleontology and Stratigraphy 60Hrs

Paleontology: 30Hrs

Introduction of paleontology: Relationship with other branches of geology1hrs

Classification of life: Plants and Animals – Vertebrates and invertebrates- Phylum, Class,order, genera and species1hrs

Definition of fossil, Fossilization- Factors-(conditions) for the preservation of fossils. Modeof fossilization-unaltered soft parts(Mummification)-unaltered hard parts, altered paredparts:- Carbonization, petrifaction, Traces of fossils-cast, mould, tracks and trails, coprolites4hrs

Types of fossils: Index fossil, Zone fossial, Remine fossil, Derived fossils, Synthetic Fossil,persistant fossil, Extinct fossils and Living fossils-utility of fossils.2hrs

General classification, morphological characters, distribution and geological history of hefollowing groups.

i. Graptozoa-Graptolites, Mono graptus and Diplograptus.

ii. Foraminiferaiii. Coelentrata- Corals- Development of Septa in rugose corals.iv. Brachiopod- Description of typical shell of a Brachiopod types of hinge line,

Classification, - Inarticulate and articulatev. Mollusca: a) Gastropoda-Types of coiling b) Cephalopodan- Classification-

Nautiloidia, Ammonoidiea- development of suture lines in ammonidieavi. Pelecypoda- Dentitionvii. Arthropod a- Trilobitesviii. Echinodermata. 18

hrs.General Methods of fossilization of plant fossils-Morphological characters, description andrange in time of the following fossils-Liriodendron, Climates, galleria, glossopteris,gangamopteris, ptilophylum cordites, lithotripsy. 2hrs.

Biological evolution throuth time: 2hrs

B. Stratigraphy:

Principles of Staratigraphy 10hrs

Introduction, law of catastrophist, law of uniformatarianism, law of order ofsuperposition.1hrs

Nature of geological record, imperfection geological record, geological clock, tom taxis,contemporaneity

2hrs

Correlation- types of correlation, criteria for Stratigraphic correlation- litho logical, structural,metamorphic, speleological and geochronological. 2hrs.

Standard geological time scale 1hrs

Classification of geological record in to six eras, a general account of individual era withregard to their nomenclature, distribution, litho logy, classification, climate and fossil records.

4hrs.

2. Indian Stratigraphy 20hrs

Physiographic divisions of India and its relationship with geologic distribution 1hrs

Achaean and Protrusion Formations of Peninsular India-distribution and Classification withreference to Karnataka. Sager Group, Dharwar Super group. 2hrs.

Proterozoci: distribution, classification and economic importance of Cuddapah System andKaladgis, Vindhyan system and Bhima Series, Kurnool System 4hrs

Paleozoic Group: Paleozoic rocks of the Spite 1hrs

Gondwana group: Classification, lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy and economic importance

3hr

Mesozoic: i) Triassic of Spiti ii) Jurassic of Kuchch iii) Creataceous of Trichinapoly 3hrs

Deccan traps: Distribution, litho logy & biostratigraphy, classification, Intertrappeans,Intratrappeans, Infratrappeans, Bhag beds and lomenta beds, Age of Deccan traps, Economicimportant of Deccan traps

4hrs

Siwaliks-litholagy, distributions, classification, life and age 2hrs

Practical:

Paper IV: Paleontology and Stratigraphy 16Practical

Drawing , labeling, description, identification, classification with geological age of thefollowing invertebrate and plant fossil Graptolite, monograptus, diplograptus 1Pract

Corals Favorites, Halysites, Lithostrotion, Calceolate, Montlivotia and Zaphrantis. 1Pract

Brachipoda-Terebratula, Products, Lingual, Or this, Atria, Purifier, Rhychonella 2Pract

Pelecypoda Lima, Trigonia, Pectin, Hippocrates, graphed, Cordite 1Pract

Cephalopodan-Ammonite, Orthoceras, Nautilus, Gaieties, Cordite, Accenthoceras, Hamites,Bakelite, Scaphites, Belemnites 2Pract

Gastropod Natick, Torricelli’s, Volute, Conus, Cretinism and Phase 1Pract

Echinoderamata-Cidaris, McMaster, Hemi aster, Encrinus and Pentrimits 1Parct

Trilobites-Calamine, Para oxide, Tremulous, Olinellus and pharos 1Parct

Plant fossils Lepidodendrom, Calamites, Sigil aria, Glossopteris, Gangmgopteris,Ptilophyllum, Car dates, Alethopteris 2 Pract

Preparation & study of Stratigraphic maps. 4 Pract

Reference Books: 4 Pract

1. Paleontology invertebrate- H. Woods, 8th edition CBS Publication2. Invertebrate Paleontology and Evolution- 4th edition, Clarkson ENK, 1998 Black well

Publication.3. Principles of Stratigraphy- Dunbar C.O. 1957, John Wiley and Sons. Inc.4. Geology of India D.N. Wadia, 1976, TATA McGraw Hill Publications5. Geology of India and Burma- M.S. Krishnan, 1982, CBS Publications6. Hand book of geology of Mysore State – B. Rama Rao, 1962 Bangalore Printing and

Publications7. Invertibrate fossils-Moore R.C. Lalkar, C.G. Fischer, A.G 1952, McGraw Hill book

company.8. Principles of Stratigraphy, Raup and Stanley, S.SM. 1971, Frecmand and Company,

Toppan and Co. Ltd.V Semester B.Sc

Paper-V Mineral Resources and Structural Geology 48 hours

A: Mineral Resources: 16 hours

1: Ore genesis Introduction Economic geology in relation to industry, commerce and nationalconomy. 1 hr.

Principles of mineral economics essential, strategic and critical minerals, ore minerals,gangue minerals, tenor of ore. 2hrs.

Principle and process of ore formation:

Magmatic process 1 hr

1) Sublimation 1 hr

2) Contact metasomatism 1 hrs

3) Hydrothermal process a) Cavity filling deposits and b) Replacement deposits 2 hrs

4) Weathering: a) residula and b) mechanical concentrations 1 hrs

5) Sedimentation 1 hrs

6) Evaporation 1hrs

7) Oxidation and super gene sapphire enrichment 1 hrs

8) Metamorphism

9) Pegmatite deposits 1 hrs

10) Classifications of are deposits-Niggli 1 hrs

11) Metallogenic epochs and provinces 1 hrs

2. Economic mineral deposits 16 hours

Study of the following mineral deposits of India with special reference to Karnataka, inregard to their mineralogy, origin, occurrence and distribution.

I. Metallic deposits:- gold, copper, iron, manganese, chromium, aluminum, lead and zinc6hrs

II. Non-metallic deposits: mica, abrasives, refractor is ceramics, building and ornamentalstones, fertilizers and cement.6hrs

III. Energy resources: i) fossils flues, coal & petroleum’s ii) atomic minerals.4hrs.

B. Structural Geology: 16hrs.

Introduction-relationship with branches of geology, Forces-tensional, shearing and compressional, stress and strain 1 hrs

Concept of rock deformation, Classification of structures, conformity, unconformity Types ofunconformity- disconformities, non-conformity, Angular unconformity, Recognition andsignificance of unconformities. 2hrs.

Attitudes of beds definition of dip and strike, description of compass clinometer anddetermination of dip and strike of beds. 2hrs

Out crop: Definition, width of outcrop, thickness of bed, factors controlling the width of bed

1hrs

Denudation structures: i) outlier and ii) Inliers 1hrs

Secondary structures: Folds definition, parts of fold, types of fold, symmetrical,asymmetrical, anticline, syncline, anticlinorium’s, synclinorium, over turned fold, recumbentfold, fold, isoclinals fold, chevron fold, monocline and drag fold.3hr

Joints: definition, terminology, dip and strike, joint plane, joint set, joint, system, block joint,master joint.

Classification: 1) Geometrical-dip, strike, oblique and bedding joints 2) Geneticclassification-columnar, mural, sheet joints; significance of joints

2 hrs

Faults: definitions elements of faults, generic classification of faults-thrust fault, Over thrust,under thrust. Gravity faults-step fault, ridge fault, trough fault, Recognition of faults infield.3h

Foliation, Cleavage and Lineation- Definitions.1hrs

PRACTICALS:

PAPER-V: Mineral Resources and Structural Geology 16 Practical

Economic Geology: study and identification of the following minerals : Native copper,graphite, sulphur, chalcopyrite, azurite, malachite realgar, orpiment, cinnabar, stibnite,galena, sphalerite, pyrite hematite, magnetite, limonite, pyrolusite, psilomelane, bauxite andchromites. Coal and its verities, selected radio active minerals of their host rocks 4Parct

Structural geology:

Exercises on structural geology problems:

Thickness problems: 3 types 2 Pract

Dip and strike problems:- 3 types 2 Pract

Stereographic projections of structural data 2 Pract

Drawing of sections and interpretation of horizontal series, inclined series, folded series,faulted series, unconformities and complex structural. 5 Pract

Tracing of outcrops 1 pract

REFECENCE BOOKS:

1. Ore deposits- Par, Jr, C.F. and M.C Diarmid, 1980.2. Indian Mineral Resources-S. Krishna Swamy, 1985,3. Economic Mineral Deposits- A.M. Bateman, 1950, 2nd edition Asia Publications4. Structural Geology: Billings M.P. 1972, Printics Hall, New jersey.5. Modern Structural Geology, Vol. 1 & 2, Ramsay, J.G. Herber, jr. Academic press Ny.6. Structure and Tectonics, -Badgley, P.C. 1965, Harper and Row NY.7. Ore Deposits of India Gokhale & Rao, CBS Publication.

V Semester B.Sc.

Paper-VI: Geo Exploration And Statistical Geology. 48hours

A: Geoexploration 38hours

Introduction, Principles and methods of geoecploration- geological, geophysical andGeochemical.

3hrs

1. Geological explorations.

Introductions, guides to ores-physiographic, mineralogical, stratigraphic, litho logical andstructural.

5hrs

2. Geophysical exploraton

Introduction, difintion, physical properties and rocks of minerals, physical fields, geophysicalanomalies and applications.

1) Electrical methods-electrical methods and principles, receptivity, conductivity, receptivityof rocks and minerals. Prospecting for ground water-electrical receptivity method, Winnerand Schlumberger methods VES curves, types of curves and curve matching techniques. 5hrs.

2) Magnetic methods- Principles, magnetometers torsion – vertical force and horizontal force,air borne fluxgate magneto meter. 4hrs

3) Gravity methods-gravitational force of the earth, warden gravimeter, gravity corrections-latitude, free air, bulgur, terrain, tidal 4hrs

4) Seismic methods-types of seismic waves, principles of refractions and reflectiontechniques.

4hrs

5) Radiometer methods- radioactivity of rcoks and minerals, instruments- G.M. Counter andscintillation counter 3hrs

3. Geo chemical exploration- Basic principles, geochemical cycle and geochemical, lithogeochemical mineral exploration, geo-botanical and biogeochemical exploration.

10hrs

B. Statistical Geology

Introduction to statistical geology. Determination of mean median, mode, standard deviationfor grouped and ungrouped data Construction of frequency distribution tables and diagrams.Application of statistics in geological problems. 10hrs

PRACTICAL VI: Geoexploration and statistical geology 16Pract

Geoexploration

Geophysical problems-seismic, magnetic, gravity anomalies. Electrical conductivity(receptivity). 6 Pract

Ground water exploration by receptivity method. 2 Pract

Interpretation of two layers and three layers resistively curves. 3 Pract

Statistical geology

Determination of mean, median, mode, standard deviation for grouped and un grouped data.

2 Pract

Construction of frequency distribution tables, histograms 2 pract

Application statistics a in geological problems 1 Pract

ReferenceAn outline method of geophysical prospecting-M.B. Ramachandra rao, 1975,

Prasaranga, University of Mysore.

Introduction to geophysical prospecting –Dobrin, 1981, Mc Graw Hill incp.

Statistical model in geology- Krumbin and Graybill, 1965.

VI Semester B.Sc

Paper –VII

Remote Sensing, Field Geology and Engineering Geology 48 hrs

Remote Sensing: 16 hrs

Aerial Remote Sensing:- Introduction to aerial remote sensing, types of aerial photography,Vertical , oblique. Geometry of aerial photographs 2hrs

Scale of aerial photography. 1 hr

Instruments of aerial photography-Stereoscopes-Pocket, Mirror and Prism 2 hr

Interpretation keys-tone, texture, shape, size and patterns. 2hrs

Application of aerial photography in geological studies. 1hr

Satellite remote sensing:- Introduction, basic principle of satellite remote sensing. EMR,Platforms, Sensors, scanners, energy interaction with atmosphere, earth surface, rocks,minerals, water, soils and vegetation.

3hrs

Interpretation of satellite Images-visual and digital process. 1 hr

Applications of remote sensing techniques in mapping soil cover, forest, cover, surface waterresources, valley fills, floor, Pedi planes, pediments, denudation hills, structural mounds,dykes, lineaments, inselbergs. 4hrs

Field Geology:-

Introduction, field equipments, a brief note on taking geologic notes in the field collection ofsamples, numbering and making specimens. 2hrs

The compass clinometers, Brunson compass, use of clinometers in the field. 2hrs

Determination of dip and strike. 2hrs

Study of top sheets and geological maps 2hrs

Selection and preparation of base maps. ` 2hrs

Plotting the geological features in the base map and sampling methods4hrs

Preparation of geological reports. 2hrs

Engineering Geology:- 16 hrs

Introduction, role of geology in the field of engineering. 1hrs

Rock as material of construction, properties of rocks required for their selection of buildingstones and road metals. Important building stones and road metals. 4hrs

Dams and reservoirs: Types of dams, geotechnical considerations in selection of dam sitesand reservoir sites.

4 hrs

Tunneling :- Types of tunnels, Geological considerations in tunneling 2hrs

Environmental considerations in the location and construction of large dams; reservoirs andTunnels. 3hrs

Environmental considerations in the location and construction of large dams; reservoirs andTunnels. 3hrs

Bridges:- Geological considerations, stability of bridges, foundation of bridges.2hrs.

PRACTICAL-VII REMOTE SENSING AND FIELD GEOLOGY 16Practical

Remote Sensing:

1. Stereoscopic vision test. 2Parct

2. Visual Interpretation of Aerial photographs by using photographic elements- Tone, texture,size, shape and shadow. 2 Parct

3. Study of Aerial photographs-photo index, scale, air and eye base determination, Reliefdisplacement. 2 Parct

4. Study and Interpretation of satellite imageries for geology, structures, drainage andgeomorphology. 2 Parct

Field Geology:

Study of Toposheets-Controur, drainage, road and settlements 1 Parct

Preparation of base maps 1 Parct

Morph metric analysis from topographic maps. 2 Parct

Use of Clinometers and Brunson compass. 1 Parct

Field Mapping- visit to field for collection of ground data- Location, measurements of dip &strike of different litho units & preparation of the thematic maps. 3 Parct

Field trip: Field trip for minimum of three days, and submission of field report by students iscompulsory.

REFERENCE

Principles and applications of photo geology- Shiv N. Pondy, 1987, Wiley Eastern Limited

Remote sensing of the environment an earth resource and prospective- John, R. Resen, 2000,Pearson Education series.

Remote sensing in geology- Ravi P Gupta, II edition 2005, Springer, New Delhi.

Remote sensing and Image Interpretation- T.M. Lilies and R.W. Kiefer, 2000, John Wileyand sons, New York.

VI SEMESTER B.Sc.

PAPER-VII: Hydrogeology and mining Geology 48 hours

A) Hydro-Geology: 30 hours

Introduction-Hydrological cycle, precipitation, evapotranspiration, run, off, infiltration soilmoisture storage. Aquifer, aquiclude, aquitard, aquifuge. 3hrs

Types of aquifers and their chrematistics confined, unconfined, perched, coastal aquifers,leaky aquifers.

3 hrs

Water budget and ground water resource estimation 4hrs

Occurrence, distribution and movement of ground water 2hrs

Vertical distribution of ground water-zone of aeration, water table, zone of saturation 2hrs

Water table fluctuations- springs and artesian wells. 1 hr

Hydrological properties. Of rocks:- porosity, permeability, specific yield, specific retention,transmissibility, storage co-efficient. 5hrs

Artificial recharge to ground water- Rain water harvesting. Roof top rain water harvesting.3hrs

Concept of watershed development and management 3hrs

Physical and Chemical quality of water: Chemical quality of ground water introduction,chemical quality, spatial variation of different ions –Ca, Mg, Na, K, S. Chlorides, Nitrates,carbonates, bi-carbonates, fluorides, silicon oxides total dissolved solids (TDS), TotalHardness (TH), pH, EC. Turbidity, BOD, COD 4 hrs

B) Mining Geology:- 18hours

Introduction to mining 1hrs

Methods of mining, surface and sub surface mining 3hrs

Surface mining- alluvial and open cast/pit mining and related equipment 3hrs

Sub surface mining-Stopping and cavity methods, mine safety, mine ventilation. 3hrs

Mining of metalliferous deposits 2hrs

Ore reserve estimation – grade, tonnage and their relationship 4hrs

Impact of mining on environment and human health2hrs

PRACTICALS-VII HYDROGEOLOGY AND MINING GEOLOGY 6PRACTICALS

I. Hydrogelogical problems- estimation of annual rainfall by Tension and polygonmethods2 Parct Water budget calculations 1 ParctDeterminatio of potential evaporanspiration by Thronth waite method 2 Pract

Determination of specific capacity and specific yield of the open wells 2 Pract

Ground water exploration by using resistivity meter and curves matching. 2 Prct

II. Chemical analysis of water 2 Parct

III. Graphical representation of water quality 2 Prat

IV. Ore reserve estimation problems 3 Parct

Books for Reference:

1. Ground water Hydrology- Todd. D,K. 1980, John Wiley Publications.2. Hydrology-S.N. Davies & R.J.M Dewiest, 1966, John Wiley Publications.3. Ground water hydrology-Raghunth. H.M. 1982, Wiley Easten4. Ground water assessment, development and management- Karthik. K.R. 1987, Tata

McGraw Hill.I Semester B.Sc. Examination, December 2006

(Semester Scheme)

GEOLGOY (Paper-I)

Introduction to Geology

Time: 3 Hours Max. Marks:60

SECTION-A

Answer all questions, each in about 30 words. All questions carry equal marks.(5x2=10)

1. a) What is comet?b) What is Karst topography?

c) Differentiate between SIAL and SIMA.

d) What is an out crop?

e) What is Inlier?

a) zsÀÆªÀÄPÉÃvÀÄ JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?

b) PÁ¸ÀÖð ¨sÀÆ¥ÀæzÉÃ±À JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?

c) ¹AiÀiÁ¯ï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¹ªÀiÁzÀ ªÀåvÁå¸ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß w½¹.

d) ºÉÆgÀ ²¯Á ZÁZÀÄ JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?

e) CAvÀgï ¥ÀzÀgÀ ¸ÀÛgÀ JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?

SECTION-B

Answer any five questions, each in about 100 words. All questions carry equalmarks.(5x3=15)

2. a) Explain Ox-bow lakes.

b) Describe water falls.

c) Mention different Seismic belts.

d) Describe axes of symmetry.

e) Describe luster in minerals.

f) Explain Ionic bonding.

g) Esplain Meachnical weathering.

a) PÉÆA©£ÁPÁgÀzÀ ¸ÀgÉÆÃªÀgÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

b) d®¥ÁvÀªÀ£ÀÄß ªÀtð¹.

c) ««zsÀ ¨sÀÆPÀA¥ÀzÀ ¥ÀnÖUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ºÉ¸Àj¹.

d) CPÀë ¸ÀªÀÄ¸ÀÆvÀævÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

e) R¤dUÀ¼À°è£À ºÉÆ¼À¥À£ÀÄß ªÀtÂð¹.

f) «zÀÄåzÁé» §AzsÀªÀ£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

g) ¨sËwPÀ ²y°ÃPÀgÀtªÀ£ÀÄß ªÀtÂð¹.

SECTION-C

Answer all three questions, each in about 300 words. All questions carry equalmarks.(3x5=15)

3. a) With a neat sketch describe the soil profile.b) Give a brief note on crystallographic notation.

c) Describe Discordant forms of Igneous intrusions.

d) Explain Trough fault and Ridge fault.

e) Describe geometrical classification of Joints.

a) CAzÀªÁzÀ avÀæzÉÆqÀ£É ªÀÄtÂÚ£À gÉÃSÁPÀÈwAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ªÀtÂð¹.

b) ¸ÀánPÀ ¸ÀAPÉÃvÀzÀ §UÉÎ ®WÀÄ n¥ÀàtÂ §gÉ¬Äj.

c) CVß²¯ÉUÀ¼À C£À£ÀéAiÀÄPÁgÀPÀ gÀÆ¥ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

d) vÀUÀÄÎ¸ÀægÀ¨sÀAUÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¢uÉÚ¸ÀÛgÀ¨sÀAUÀªÀ£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

e) ¹Ã¼ÀÄUÀ¼À eÁå«ÄwAiÀÄ ªÀVðÃPÀgÀtªÀ£ÀÄß ªÀtÂð¹.

SECTION-D


4. Explain the concepts of Plate tectonics. OR

What are folds? Describe different types of folds.

¨sÀÆ¥sÀ®PÀ ¤ªÀiÁðt ¹zÁÞAvÀªÀ£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

CxÀªÁ

²¯Á ªÀÄrPÉUÀ¼ÉAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ? ««zsÀ §UÉAiÀÄ ²¯Á ªÀÄrPÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄßªÀtÂð¹.

5. Explain Interior of the Earth. OR

What is Symmetry? Describe the different types of Symmetry in crystals.

¨sÀÆ CAvÀgÁ¼ÀªÀ£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

CxÀªÁ

¸ÀªÀÄ¸ÀÆvÀævÉ JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ? ¸ÀánPÀzÀ°è£À ««zsÀ §UÉAiÀÄ¸ÀªÀÄ¸ÀÆvÀævÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀtÂð¹.

II Semester B.Sc. Examination, April/May 2005

(Semester Scheme)

GEOLGOY (Paper-II)

Introduction to Geology-II

Time: 3 Hours Max.Marks:60

¸ÉPÀë£ï - J

Answer all questions, Each in about 30 words. All questions carry equal marks.(5x2=10)

a) KPÀ¥ÀæPÁgÀvÁªÁzÀ vÀvÀéªÀ£ÀÄß w½¹.

b) ±ÁR ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀUÀ¼ÉAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?

c) UÉÆÃ¥ÀÄgÀªÀ£ÀÄß ªÁåSÁå¤¹.

d) ««zsÀ §UÉAiÀÄ ²¯Á¥ÁPÀªÀ£ÀÄß w½¹.

e) PÉÆæÃªÉÄÊmï£À AiÀiÁªÀÅzÁzÀgÀÆ JgÀqÀÄ G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄßw½¹.

SECTION-A

1. a) State the law of ‘Uniform Italianism’.b) What are refractors.?

c) Define spire.

d) Mention the different types of magmas.

e) Mention any two uses of chromate.

¸ÉPÀë£ï - ©

Answer all five questions, Each in about 100 words. All questions carry equal marks.(5x3=15)

a) ²¸ÉÆÖÃ¸ï gÀZÀ£É §UÉÎ n¥ÀàtÂ §gÉ¬Äj.

b) CªÀÄÈvÀ ²¯ÉAiÀÄ R¤d ¸ÀAAiÉÆÃd£É ªÀÄvÀÄÛG¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß w½¹.

c) ZÁA¦AiÀÄ£ï £ÉÊ¸ï §UÉÎ n¥ÀàtÂ §gÉ¬Äj.

d) ¹AzsÀÄ-UÀAUÁ ªÉÄPÀÌ®Ä ¥ÀæzÉÃ±ÀzÀ §UÉÎ n¥ÀàtÂ §gÉ¬Äj.

e) ªÀÄgÀUÀ¯ÁèUÀÄ«PÉ

f) ¥À¼ÉAiÀÄÄ½PÉAiÀÄ ¸ÀÄtÚ²¯É.

g) ¯ÁåªÉÄl ¥ÀzÀUÀ¼ÀÄ.

SECTION-B

2. a) Write note on schistose structure.b) Given the mineral composition and uses of marble.

c) Write note on Champaign gneiss.

d) Write note on Indo-Genetic-alluvial plain.

e) Petrifaction.

f) Fossiliferous limestone.

g) Lament beds.

¸ÉPÀë£ï - ¹

Answer all three questions,Each in about 300 words. All questions carry equalmarks.(3x5=15)

a) CAzÀªÁzÀ avÀæzÉÆqÀ£É ¯Áå«Ä°¨ÁæAZï gÀZÀ£ÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ªÀtÂð¹.

b) WÀµÀðPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ.

c) gÀÆ¥ÁAvÀgÀ QæAiÉÄ JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ? gÀÆ¥ÁAvÀgÀ QæAiÉÄAiÀÄ«zsÀUÀ¼ÁªÀÅªÀÅ?

d) ²¯Á¥ÁPÀzÀ ¥ÀævÉåÃPÀvÉAiÀÄ §UÉÎ«ªÀj¹.

e) ²ªÁ°Pï ²¯ÉUÀ¼À ªÀAiÀÄ¸ÀÄì.

SECTION-C

3. a) With a neat sketch describe the morphology of Lamellibranches.b) Abrasives.

c) What is metamorphism? What are the types of metamorphism?

d) Describe magma tic differentiation.

e) Age of Swanlike.

¸ÉPÀë£ï – r

SECTION-D

Answer all questions, Each in about 600 words. All questions carry equal marks. (2x10=20)

4. qÉPÀÌ£ï mÁæ¥ïì£À §UÉÎ ªÀiÁ»w PÉÆr.

CxÀªÁ

¨sÁgÀvÀzÀ ¨ÁPÉìöÊmï ¤PÉëÃ¥ÀUÀ¼À GUÀªÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ºÀAaPÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß«ªÀj¹.

4. Give an account of ‘Deccan Traps’. OR

Describe the orgin and distribution of bauxite deposits of India.

5. DVß ²¯ÉUÀ¼ÀÄ PÀAqÀÄ §gÀÄªÀ ««zsÀ M¼ÀgÀZÀ£ÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

CxÀªÁ

d®d ²¯ÉUÀ¼ÀÄ ºÉÃUÉ GAmÁUÀÄvÀÛªÉ? PÀtUÀ¼À DzsÁgÀzÀ ªÉÄÃ¯É d®d²¯ÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀVðÃPÀj¹.

5. Describe the various textures found in igneas rocks.

OR

How are sedimentary rocks formed? Classify the sedimentary rocks based on grainsize.

III Semester B.Sc. Examination, Nov/Dec. 2005

(Semester Scheme)

GEOLGOY

Earth Processes and Resources (Paper-III)


SECTION-A

Answer all questions, Each in about 30 words. All questions carry equal marks.(5x2=10)

1. a) C¢j£À ¯ÉÆÃºÁA±À JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?

b) «gÀ¼ÀªÁV ºÀgÀrgÀÄªÀ ¤PÉëÃ¥ÀUÀ¼ÉAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?

c) KtÂAiÀiÁPÁgÀzÀ ¤PÉëÃ¥ÀUÀ¼ÀÄ JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?

d) ¯ÉÆÃºÀ d¤PÀ PÉëÃvÀæªÀ£ÀÄß ¤gÀÆ¦¹.

e) DQìÃPÀgÀt JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?

1. a) What is Tenor of ore?b) What are disseminated deposits?

c) What are ladder veins?

d) Define metallogenic province.

e) What is oxidation?

SECTION-B

Answer all five questions, Each in about 100 words. All questions carry equal marks.(5x3=15)

2. a) ¨Á¶ÖÃPÀgÀt ¤PÉëÃ¥ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀtÂð¹.

b) ‘CAvÀdð® ªÀÄlÖ’-ªÀtÂð¹

c) PÀ°èzÀÝ°£À §UÉUÀ¼À£ÀÄß w½¹.

d) ‘¤ªÀiÁðt ²¯ÉUÀ¼ÀÄ’ -ªÀtÂð¹.

e) n¥ÀàtÂ §gÉ¬Äj: ¥ÀævÀåPÀë ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀ ±ÀQÛ.

f) ±ÀQÛ ¸ÀA¥À£ÀÆä®ªÁV ©¹ ¤ÃgÀ §ÄUÉÎ.

g) ¸ÀªÀÄÄzÀæ ¥ÀæªÁºÀUÀ¼ÀÄ.

2. a) Describe evaporate deposits.b) Describe water-table.

c) Mention the types of coal.

d) Describe building stones.

e) Write a note on apparent receptivity.

f) Hot spring as an energy resource.

g) Oceanic currents.

SECTION-C

Answer all three questions, Each in about 300 words. All questions carry equal marks.5x3=15)

3. a) ¨sÁgÀvÀzÀ ªÀiÁåAUÀ¤Ã¸ï ¤PÉëÃ¥ÀUÀ¼À ºÀAaPÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ªÀtÂð¹.

b) ¨sÁgÀvÀzÀ GµÀÚ ¤gÉÆÃzsÀPÀ R¤dUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀVÃðPÀj¹ ºÁUÀÆªÀtÂð¹.

c) ±ÉÃµÀ ±ÉÃRgÀt¢AzÁUÀÄªÀ R¤d ¤PÉëÃ¥ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀtÂð¹.

d) PÀÄºÀgÀ vÀÄA§ ¤PÉëÃ¥ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀtÂð¹

e) CAzÀªÁzÀ avÀæUÀ¼ÉÆqÀ£É ¥ÀÆªÀð ²¯Á¥ÁPÀd¤PÀ ¤PÉëÃ¥ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß«ªÀj¹.

3. a) Describe the Distribution of Manganese deposits of India.b) Classify and describe the refractory minerals of India.

c) Describe the ore deposits formed by residual process.

d) Describe the deposits formed by cavity filling.

e) With neat sketches explain early magma tic deposits.

SECTION-D

Answer all questions, Each in about 600 words. All questions carry equal marks. (2x10=20)

4. R¤fÃPÀgÀtªÀ£ÀÄß ¤AiÀÄAwæ¸ÀÄªÀ CA±ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

CxÀªÁ

UÁ£Éðmï R¤d UÀÄA¦£À ªÀVðÃPÀgÀt, CtÄgÀZÀ£É, gÁ¸ÁAiÀÄ¤PÀ¸ÀAAiÉÆÃd£É, ¨sËvÀUÀÄtUÀ¼ÀÄ, zÉÆgÉAiÀÄÄ«PÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛG¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀUÀ¼À §UÉÎ ªÀiÁ»w ¤Ãr.

4. Describe the Factors which control mineralization. OR

Give an account of classification, atomic structure, chemical composition, physicalproperties, occurrence and uses of Garnet group of minerals.

5. DAiÀÄ¸ÁÌAvÀ «zsÁ£ÀzÀ D£ÉéÃµÀuÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

CxÀªÁ

R¤d ¸ÀA¥À£ÀÆä®UÀ¼À ¸ÀAgÀPÀëuÁ «zsÁ£ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

5. Explain the magnetic method of prospecting.

OR

Explain the different methods of conservations of mineral resources.

IV Semester B.Sc. Examination, June 2009

(Semester Scheme)

GEOLGOY (Paper-IV)

Petrology and Earth’s History


Instruction: Answer all Sections.

SECTION-A

Answer all questions, All questions carry equal marks. (5x2=10)

Define the following:

1. Equilibrium.2. Fossil.3. Glossopteris.4. Phase rule5. Chronostratigraphic unit.

F PÉ¼ÀV£ÀªÀÅUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ¤gÀÆ¦¹.

1. ¸ÀªÀÄ¹Üw

2. ¥À¼ÉAiÀÄÄ½PÉ

3. UÁè¸ÉÆÃ¥ÉÖÃjÃ¸ï

4. ¥ÀæªÀ¸ÁÛ¤AiÀÄªÀÄ

5. PÁ®UÀt£À ¸ÀÛgÀ±Á¸ÀÛç WÀlPÀ.

SECTION-B

Answer all five questions, All questions carry equal marks. (5x3=15)

Explain the following:

6. Palaeo-Ecology7. Septa in Corlas.8. Binomial nomenclature.9. Suture lines of Nautilus.10. Time unit and Rock unit.11. Concept of sedimentary facies.12. First law of Thermodynamics.

F PÉ¼ÀV£ÀªÀÅUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀtÂð¹:

6. ¥ÉÃ°AiÉÆÃ EPÁ®f.

7. ºÀªÀUÀ¼À £ÀqÀÄvÀqÀPÀUÀ¼ÀÄ.

8. ¢é£ÁªÀÄ £ÁªÀÄPÀgÀt.

9. £Án®¸ïì£À°è£À ¸ÉÃgÀÄªÉUÀ¼ÀÄ

10. PÁ® AiÀÄÄ¤mï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ²¯Á AiÀÄÄ¤mï

11. d®d ²¯ÉUÀ¼À ¥ÉÃ¹¸ï ¥ÀjPÀ®à£É.

12. xÀªÉÆðÃqÉÊ£Á«ÄPïì£À ¥ÁæxÀ«ÄPÀ ¤AiÀÄªÀÄ.

SECTION-C

Answer all three questions, All questions carry equal marks. (3x5=15)

Describe the following:

13. Upper Gondowana Rocks.14. Uses of Fossils.15. Rock association in time and space.16. Morphology of a pelecypod shell.17. Physiographic divisions of India.

F PÉ¼ÀV£ÀªÀÅUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

13. ªÉÄÃ®Ä UÉÆAqÀªÁ£Á ²¯ÉUÀ¼ÀÄ.

14. ¥ÉAiÀÄÄ½PÉUÀ¼À G¥ÀAiÉÆÃUÀUÀ¼ÀÄ.

15. PÁ® ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ªÁå¦ÛAiÀÄ°è ²¯Á PÀÆqÀÄªÀ½

16. ¦°¹Ã¥ÉÆÃqÀzÀ ºÉÆgÀPÀªÀZÀ gÀZÀ£É.

17. ¨sÁgÀvÀzÀ ¨sËUÉÆÃ½PÀ «AUÀqÀuÉUÀ¼ÀÄ.

SECTION-D


18. With a neat sketch describe the morphology of a Brachiopod shell and give its rangein time.

OR

What is Weathering? Explain chemistry of weathering.

18. CAzÀªÁzÀ avÀæzÉÆqÀ£É §ºÀÄ¥Á¢AiÀÄ a¦à£À ºÉÆgÀ gÀZÀ£É ªÀÄvÀÄÛCzÀgÀ ¨sÀÆPÁ® ªÁå¦ÛAiÀÄ£ÀÄß w½¹.

CxÀªÁ

²y°ÃPÀgÀt JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ? ²y°ÃPÀgÀtzÀ gÁ¸ÁAiÀÄ¤PÀ QæAiÉÄAiÀÄ£ÀÄßªÀtÂð¹.

19. Give an account classification of vertebrates. OR

Give an account of classification, litho logy, economic importance of Cuddapah groupof rocks.

19. PÀ±ÉÃgÀÄPÀUÀ¼À ªÀVðÃPÀgÀtzÀ ªÀiÁ»wAiÀÄ£ÀÄß PÉÆr.

CxÀªÁ

PÀqÀ¥À UÀÄA¦£À ²¯ÉUÀ¼À ªÀVÃðPÀgÀt, ²¯Á¸ÉÆÛÃªÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ DyðPÀ¥ÁæªÀÄÄRåvÉ §UÉÎ ªÀiÁ»w PÉÆr.

V Semester B.Sc. Degree Examination, Nov/Dec. 2007

(Semester Scheme)

GEOLGOY

(Paper-V) Physics and Dynamics of the Earth


SECTION-A


1. a) What is discontinuity?b) Define Orogeny.

c) Define asthenosphere.

d) What is an isostasy?

e) Define magnetism.

1. a) «ZÀÑvÀ£É JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?

b) ¥ÀªÀðvÉÆÃvÀàwæ QæAiÉÄAiÀÄ ªÁåSÉå PÉÆr.

c) zÀÄ§ð®UÉÆÃ¼ÀzÀ ªÁåSÉå PÉÆr.

d) ¸ÀªÀÄ¹ÜgÀvÉ JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?

e) CAiÀÄ¸ÁÌAvÀ vÀvÀézÀ ªÁåSÉå PÉÆr.

SECTION-B

Answer all five questions, each in about 100 words. All questions carry equal marks.(5x3=15)

2. a) Explain mid – oceanic ridges.b) What is metallogeny?

c) What are divergent boundaries?

d) Explain Laurasia.

e) Explain earths heat flow.

f) Write a note on convection currents.

2. a) ªÀÄzsÀå¸ÁUÀgÀ ¥ÀªÀðvÀ ¥ÀAQÛUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

b) ¯ÉÆÃºÉÆÃvÀàwÛ JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?

c) «ªÀÄÄR CAZÀÄUÀ¼ÀÄ JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?

d) ¯ÉÆÃgÉ²AiÀiÁ §UÉÎ «ªÀj¹.

e) ¨sÀÆ GµÀÚvÁ ¥ÀæªÁºÀzÀ §UÉÎ n¥ÀàtÂ §gÉ¬Äj.

f) ¸ÀAªÀºÀ£À ¥ÀæªÁºÀzÀ §UÉÎ n¥ÀàtÂ §gÉ¬Äj.

g) d®ºÀj«£À §zÀ¯ÁªÀuÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

SECTION-C

Answer all three questions, each in about 300 words. All questions carry equal marks.(3x5=15)

3. a) Explain Neotectonism.b) Describe the origin of island arcs.

c) Discuss active and passive margins.

d) Describe the sea floor spreading.

e) Give an account of man-made geo hazards.

3. a) £ÀªÀå CAvÀB¸ÀìgÀt QæAiÉÄ «ªÀj¹.

b) ªÀPÀægÉÃSÁ ¢éÃ¥ÀUÀ¼À GvÀàwÛAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ªÀtÂð¹.

c) QæAiÀiÁvÀäPÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¤¶ÌçÃAiÀiÁvÀäPÀ CAZÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ZÀað¹.

d) ¸ÁUÀgÀ vÀ¼À ºÀgÀqÀÄ«PÉ §UÉÎ ªÀtÂð¹.

e) ªÀiÁ£ÀªÀ ¤«ÄðvÀ «PÉÆÃ¥ÀUÀ¼À ªÀiÁ»w ¤Ãr.

SECTION-D


4. With a neat diagram describe the internal structure of the earth. OR

Describe geometry and mechanism of plate motions.

5. Explain the causes and remediation of natural geo hazards.

OR

Describe the theory of continental drift.

4. CAzÀªÁzÀ avÀæzÉÆA¢UÉ ¨sÀÆ CAvÀgÀZÀ£ÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ªÀtÂð¹.

DxÀªÁ

¥sÀ®PÀ ZÀ®£ÉAiÀÄ eÁ«ÄwAiÀÄ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ AiÀiÁAwæPÀvÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄßªÀtÂð¹.

5. ¥ÁæPÀÈwPÀ «PÉÆÃ¥ÀUÀ½UÉ PÁgÀt ªÀÄvÀÄÛ G¥À¸ÀAºÁgÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß«ªÀj¹.

DxÀªÁ

¨sÀÆRAqÀUÀ¼À ZÀ®£ÉAiÀÄ vÀvÀéªÀ£ÀÄß ªÀtÂð¹.

V Semester B.Sc. Examination, December 2006

(Semester Scheme)

GEOLGOY (Paper-VI)

Structural Geology


SECTION-A


1. a) What is an unconformity?b) What is a strike joint?

c) Define recumbent fold.

d) What is a stereogram?

e) What is an en-echelon fault?

1. a) C£À£ÀÄgÀÆ¥ÀvÉ JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?

b) Nl ¹Ã¼ÀÄ JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?

c) jPÀA¨ÉAmï ªÀÄrPÉAiÀÄ ªÁåSÉå PÉÆr.

d) WÀ£ÀgÉÃR£À £ÀPÉë JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?

e) J£ï-JZï¯Á£ï ¸ÀÛgÀ¨sÀAUÀ JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?

SECTION-B

Answer all five questions, each in about 100 words. All questions carry equal marks.(5x3=15)

2. a) Write about the foliations in metamorphic rocks.b) What is a lineation?

c) What are the axis and the axial plane of fold?

d) What is the balanced and unbalanced force.

e) What is the difference between anticline and syncline?

f) Differentiate the Horst and the Graben.

g) Write a note on rotational movement of the fault.

2. a) gÀÆ¥ÁAvÀgÀ ²¯ÉUÀ¼°è ¥ÀzÀgÀÄUÀ¼ÁUÀÄ«PÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß §gÉ¬Äj.

b) gÉÃSÁ«£Áå¸À JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?

c) ªÀÄrPÉAiÀÄ CPÀë ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¥ÀPÀë¥ÁvÀ½ JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?

d) ¤AiÀÄAwæPÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ C¤AiÀÄAwævÀ §® JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?

e) «ªÀÄÄSÁªÀ£ÀvÀ ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ¸ÀªÀÄÄSÁªÀ£ÀvÀ ªÀÄrPÉUÀ¼À°è£ÀªÀåvÁå¸ÀªÉÃ£ÀÄ?

f) ºÁ¸ïÖð ªÀÄvÀÄÛ UÁæöå§£ï £ÀqÀÄ«£À CAvÀgÀªÀ£ÀÄß w½¹.

g) ¸ÀÛgÀ¨sÀAUÀzÀ DªÀvÀðPÀ ZÀ®£ÉAiÀÄ §UÉÎ n¥ÀàtÂ §gÉ¬Äj.

SECTION-C

Answer all three questions, each in about 300 words. All questions carry equal marks.(3x5=15)

3. a) With neat sketch describe angular unconformity and disconformity.b) Describe the types of lineation.

c) With neat sketch explain columnar joints.

d) Write notes on: i) Monocline ii) Overturned fold.

e) Describe the parts of fault with neat sketch.

3. a) CAzÀªÁzÀ DPÀÈwAiÉÆqÀ£É PÉÆÃ¤AiÀÄ C£À£ÀÄgÀÆ¥ÀvÉ ªÀÄvÀÄÛC¥À¸ÀªÀÄ «£Áå¸ÀªÀ£ÀÄß ªÀtÂð¹.

b) gÉÃSÁ «£Áå¸ÀzÀ «zsÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

c) CAzÀªÁzÀ avÀæzÉÆA¢UÉ ¸ÀÛA¨sÁPÁgÀzÀ ¹Ã¼ÀÄUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀtÂð¹.

d) n¥ÀàtÂ §gÉ¬Äj. i) KPÀ ¨ÁºÀÄ ªÀÄrPÉ ii) vÀ¯ÉPÉ¼ÀUÁzÀ ªÀÄrPÉ

e) CAzÀªÁzÀ avÀæzÉÆA¢UÉ ¸ÀÛgÀ¨sÀAUÀzÀ ¨sÁUÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

SECTION-D

Answer all questions, Each in 600 words. All questions carry equal marks.(2x10=20)

4. Explain Geometric classification of faults. OR

Give a detailed account of foliation.

4. ¸ÀÛgÀ¨sÀAUÀUÀ¼À eÁå«ÄwAiÀÄ ªÀVÃðPÀgÀtªÀ£ÀÄß ªÀtÂð¹.

CxÀªÁ

¥ÀzÀgÀÄUÀ¼ÁUÀÄ«PÉAiÀÄ §UÉÎ «ªÀgÀªÁzÀ ªÀiÁ»w PÉÆr.

5. Explain the procedure of stereographic projection and its uses. OR

Describe Geometrical classification of joints.

5. WÀ£ÀgÉÃR£À £ÀPÉëAiÀÄ£ÀÄß gÀa¸ÀÄªÀ «zsÁ£À ªÀÄvÀÄÛ CzÀgÀG¥ÀAiÀÄÄPÀÛvÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß ªÀtÂð¹.

CxÀªÁ

¹Ã¼ÀÄUÀ¼À eÁå«ÄwAiÀÄ ªÀVÃðPÀgÀtªÀ£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

VI Semester B.Sc. Examination, June 2008

(Semester Scheme)

GEOLGOY (Paper-VII)

Natural Environment (Including Elements of Remote Sensing, Hydrogeology andEngineering Aspects)


SECTION-A


1. a) What is Porosity?b) How are soils formed?

c) What is Aerial photography?

d) Define Ecosystem.

e) What is Perched Aquifer?

1. a) gÀAzsÀævÉ JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?

b) ªÀÄtÄÚ ºÉÃUÉ GAmÁUÀÄvÀÛzÉ?

c) ªÉÊªÀiÁ¤PÀ bÁAiÀiÁavÀæ JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?

d) fÃªÀªÀÇåºÀªÀ£ÀÄß ¤gÀÆ¦¹.

e) vÀAUÀÄ d®ªÁºÀPÀ JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ?

SECTION-B


2. Explain the following:

a) Concept of Environmental Geologyb) Residual soilc) Remote sensingd) Water tablee) Darcy’s lawf) Storage capacityg) False colour composite.

PÉ¼ÀV£ÀªÀÅUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀtÂð¹:

a) ¥Àj¸ÀgÀ ¨sÀÆ«eÕÁ£ÀzÀ PÀ®à£É.

b) ±ÉÃµÀ ªÀÄtÄÚ

c) zÀÆgÀ ¸ÀAªÉÃzÀ£É

d) d® ªÀÄlÖ

e) qÁ¹ðAiÀÄ£ïß£À ¹zÁÞAvÀ

f) ¸ÀAUÀæºÀuÁ ¸ÁªÀÄxÀåð

g) «ÄxÀå§tÚzÀ gÀZÀ£É

SECTION-C

Answer all questions. All questions carry equal marks. (3x5=15)

1. a) With a neat sketch explain the vertical distribution of Ground water.b) With a neat sketch explain soil profile.

c) Explain the basic principles of Remote sensing.

d) Explain the impact of soil erosion and floods during River shifting.

e) Explain watershed management.

3. a) CAzÀªÁzÀ avÀæzÉÆqÀ£É CAvÀdð®zÀ ®A¨ÁPÁgÀzÀ«AUÀqÀ£ÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

b) CAzÀªÁzÀ avÀæzÉÆqÀ£É ªÀÄtÂÚ£À ¥Á±ÀéðªÀ£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

c) zÀÆgÀ ¸ÀAªÉÃzÀ£ÉAiÀÄ ªÀÄÆ® vÀvÀéªÀ£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

d) £À¢ ¥ÀxÀ¥À®èl¢AzÀ ¨sÀÆ¸ÀªÉvÀ ºÁUÀÆ ¥ÀæªÁºÀUÀ¼À C¥sÁvÀªÀ£ÀÄß«ªÀj¹.

e) d¯Á£ÀAiÀÄ£À ¥ÀæzÉÃ±ÀUÀ¼À ªÀåªÀ¸ÉÜAiÀÄ£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

SECTION-D


2. Explain the Hydrological cycle, with a neat sketch. OR

Explain different photo interpretation elements in Aerial photography.

4. CAzÀªÁzÀ avÀæzÉÆqÀ£É d®ZÀPÀæªÀ£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

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ªÉÊªÀiÁ¤PÀ bÁAiÀiÁavÀæUÀ¼À «±ÉèÃµÀuÉUÉ C¼ÀªÀr¹gÀÄªÀ ««zsÀ«zsÁ£ÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

3. What is an Aquifer? Explain different types of Aquifers with a neat sketch. OR

Explain the Ground water provinces of India.

5. d®ªÁºÀPÀ JAzÀgÉÃ£ÀÄ? ««zsÀ d®ªÁºÀPÀUÀ¼À£ÀÄß CAzÀªÁzÀavÀæzÉÆqÀ£É «ªÀj¹.

CxÀªÁ

¨sÁgÀvÀzÀ CAvÀdð® ¥ÁæAvÀåUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

VI Semester B.Sc. Examination, June 2009

(Semester Scheme)

GEOLGOY (Paper-VIII)

Energy Resources and Mineral Exploration


Instruction: 1) Answer all Sections.

2) Draw neat diagrams wherever necessary.

SECTION-A


Define the following:

1. Coal2. Critical mineral3. Reservoir4. Bore-hole logging5. Fuel Ratio.

PÉ¼ÀV£ÀªÀÅUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀtÂð¹.

1. PÀ°èzÀÝ®Ä

2. D¥ÀwÛ£À R¤dUÀ¼ÀÄ

3. d¯Á±ÀAiÀÄ

4. PÉÆ¼ÀªÉ ¨Á« ¥ÀjÃPÉë

5. EAzsÀ£À ¥ÀjªÀiÁt.

SECTION-B


Explain the following:

6. Peat and Bituminous coal.7. Migration of natural hydrocarbons.8. Geobotanical method of prospecting.9. Essential minerals.10. In-Situ theory.11. Deviation testing.

12. Newton’s law of gravity.PÉ¼ÀV£ÀªÀÅUÀ¼À£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹:

6. ¦Ãmï ªÀÄvÀÄÛ ©lÄ«Ä£À¸ï PÀ°èzÀÝ®Ä.

7. £ÉÊ¸ÀVðPÀ d® EAUÁ®UÀ¼À ªÀ®¸É.

8. ¨sÀÆ¸À¸Àå «zsÁ£ÀzÀ C£ÉéÃµÀuÉ.

9. CvÀåªÀ±ÀåPÀ R¤dUÀ¼ÀÄ

10. E£ï¹lÄå ¹zÁÞAvÀ

11. ªÀPÀæ ¥ÀjÃPÉë.

12. £ÀÆål¤ß£À UÀÄgÀÄvÁéPÀµÀðPÀ ¹zÁÞAvÀ.

SECTION-C

Answer all three questions, All questions carry equal marks. (3x5=15)

Describe the following:

13. Geiger Mueller Counter14. Law of the sea15. Magnetic method of prospecting16. Air borne radiometric survey17. Structural traps.

F PÉ¼ÀV£ÀªÀÅUÀ¼À£ÀÄß ªÀtÂð¹.

13. VUÀgï ªÀÄÄ®ègï PËAlgï

14. ¸ÀªÀÄÄzÀæ PÁ£ÀÆ£ÀÄ

15. DAiÀÄ¸ÁÌAvÀzÀ «zsÁ£ÀzÀ C£ÉéÃµÀuÉ

16. ªÉÊªÀiÁ¤PÀ CtÄ«QgÀt ¸À«ÄÃPÉë

17. gÀZÀ£Á vÀqÀUÀ¼ÀÄ.

SECTION-D


18. Give an account of coal petrology. OR

Explain the different varieties of coal.

19. Explain the Seismic method of prospecting OR

Give an account of National Mineral Policy.

18. PÀ°èzÀÝ®Ä ²¯Á±Á¸ÀÛçzÀ §UÉÎ ªÀiÁ»w PÉÆr.

CxÀªÁ

PÀ°èzÀÝ°£À ««zsÀ §UÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

19. ¨sÀÆPÀA¥À£À «zsÁ£ÀzÀ C£ÉéÃµÀuÉAiÀÄ£ÀÄß «ªÀj¹.

CxÀªÁ

gÁ¶ÖçÃAiÀÄ R¤d ¤ÃwAiÀÄ §UÉÎ ªÀiÁ»w PÉÆr.

geology 2007-2008 onwards b.sc. three year … i: physical geology and crystallography 60 ......

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