geomatics: leveraging geography with ict a r dasgupta [email protected]

Geomatics: Leveraging Geography with ICT

A R [email protected]

Deconstructing GeomaticsGeography + InformaticsGeography is derived from the Greek '' – geographia or 'earth-describe-write' meaning 'To describe or write about the earth'

Informatics is the study of information and computation including data processing, management, artificial intelligence, cognitive science, computer science, information science and social science

February 26, 2011 2S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

Geomatics, Geoinformatics and Geospatial Technology

Geomatics is the official ISO termGeoinformatics was used earlier but is now restricted to application of information sciences to geosciences, typically geocomputationGeospatial Technology is used to describe use of spatial software for applying analytical methods on geographical data


What is Geomatics

February 26, 2011 4

Geomatics is the discipline of gathering, storing, processing, and delivery of geographical information, or spatially referenced information using information and communications technologies

Geodesy Surveying Mapping Hydrography Cartography Photogrammetry Network Analysis

Traditional subjects

S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

February 26, 2011 5

Why ICT in Geography? Geographical information is

›Large in volume›Graphical – maps›Time varying

Geographical data requires special instruments for acquisition, storage and processing

Geographical data processing is iterative and repetitive

Geographical visualisation requires 3D capability


February 26, 2011 6

• Geodesy • Surveying • Mapping • Hydrography• Cartography • Photogrammetry • Networks • Geographic

Information Systems

• Wireless Location

• Positioning • Remote

Sensing

• Global Positioning System

• Navigation• Digital

Terrain Modelling

ICT and Geomatics

ICT


February 26, 2011 7

ICT and Spatial Data

Aerial photography ›Photo interpretation›Stereo-plotting

Remote Sensing from air and space›Digital data

Data analysis›Digital image processing›Digital photogrammetry›Image interpretation

GPS for accurate position location Total station


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Automation of Geoprocessing

1970s: CAD adapted to automate map production DBMS for data storage Merger of CAD and DBMS – AM/FM 1980s: GIS emerges Integration with remote sensing Integration with GPS

›Location based services Integration with Internet -WebGIS


February 26, 2011 9

Science of Geomatics“Geographic Information Science (GIScience) is the basic research field that seeks to redefine geographic concepts and their use in the context of geographic information systems. GIScience also examines the impacts of GIS on individuals and society, and the influences of society on GIS.

GIScience re-examines some of the most fundamental themes in traditional spatially oriented fields such as geography, cartography, and geodesy, while incorporating more recent developments in cognitive and information science. It also overlaps with and draws from more specialized research fields such as computer science, statistics, mathematics, and psychology, and contributes to progress in those fields.

It supports research in political science and anthropology, and draws on those fields in studies of geographic information and society.” - UCGIS, 1999


From Image to Information

Image

Thematic Map

Vector Map

Digital Database

Image processing

Digitisation

GIS Capture

Analysis

Report


Gram Chitra

• An initiative of Media Lab Asia, MIT USA and CSDMS to demonstrate participatory mapping

• Children used GPS equipped PDA to map their neighbourhood

• Data converted to map in GIS environment


NATURAL RESOURCES


Gravity Anomaly Map

Data from ERS-1 satellite used to create the gravity anomaly map which shows the dome structure of Bombay High


ASSET MANAGEMENT


Mobile Asset Tracking

Network Hub Station

Control CentreInternet


Tracking and Warning System for Fishing Boats

19February 26, 2011 S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

DEFENCE


C4ISR


Autonomous Navigation


• Terrain Contour Matching, TERCOM, is a navigation system which compares a pre-recorded contour map of the terrain to measurements made during flight by an on-board radar altimeter

• Digital Scene-Mapping Area Correlator (DSMAC) systems are often combined with TERCOM as a terminal guidance system allowing point attack with conventional warheads

E-GOVERNANCE


Definition of e-Government

e-Government, or electronic government, is the application of information and

communications technology to enhance the productivity of legislature, judiciary

and administration. The primary delivery models are G2C, G2B and G2G

- www.wikipedia.org

24February 26, 2011 S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

Typical Municipal Issues• Where are the properties where the assessed value increased?

Decreased? Is their value consistent with those of similar properties in the neighborhood?

• What vacant properties are larger than 100,00 square metre, are zoned commercial, and are within a km of the expressway interchange?

• What properties above a certain elevation will be affected by shutting down this water tower for maintenance?”

• Given requirements for response time, which is a function of street distance and driving speed, what is the best location for the new fire station?

• Is there a spatial pattern (clustered location, time of day, how the crime was conducted) in the recent outbreak of house burglaries?


Related Functions

• Tax (Parcel) Map Maintenance• Standard Theme Maps• Custom Maps• Determining Conformance to Spatial Criteria for a

Building Permit• Providing Basic Information for A Building Permit• Public Access Terminal• Network Infrastructure Maintenance Tracking• Fire Equipment Response Distance Analysis


BAVLA NAGARPALIKA T.P. SCHEME NO:3

TPS Maps related with Stamp Duty Info.

Jantri


Evaluating Route Economics

28

Bus routes and income/day

February 26, 2011 S R Thakore Memorial Lecture GSA

Landfill Site Identification

29Map Outputs Of Identified Landfill Sites

METHODLOGY

DELIVERABLES

OBJECTIVE: -

Criterions As Per Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB)

List of Municipal Corporations Existing Landfill Sites

Inputs from GUDCInputs from GUDC

Creation of Geo-spatial Thematic Layers

Integration of Municipal Corporations and Existing Landfill Sites in GIS Environment

Geo-informaticsGeo-informatics

Identification and Priortisation of Wastelands for Landfill Sites

Criterion basedSpatial AnalysisCriterion basedSpatial Analysis

Field SurveyField Survey


30

Sr. No

Place Minimum Siting Distance

1 Habitation 500 meters

2 Rivers / Lakes / Water bodies 200 meters

3 Non meandering (canal, drainage, etc.) 30 meters

4 Highway / Railway line 300meters from centre line

5 Coastal Regulation Zoning No landfill site would be permitted in the zone

6 Earthquake Zone 500 meters from fault line fracture

7 Flood Prone Area Not permitted

Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) Criteria

for Locating New Landfill Sites


31

Criterion Based Identification Of Wastelands For Landfill Sites


CITY PLANNING


Growth of Delhi


Pollution in BMRDA


Air Quality Map


37

LOD 3 Model of DA-IICT


THE FUTURE


Simple Ubiquitous Mapping

?


Augmented RealityA mobile phone equipped with a GPS, camera, an electronic compass, an electronic gyro and a connection to a server


Ubiquitous Mapping with ICT

User

Mediator GIS

Expert

Mainframe GIS

Desktop User

Applications Software Developer

Mobile user

Service Provider


Scope of Ubiquitous Mapping

• Conventional maps– Universal– Static– Scale model– Difficult to transfer

reference points from map to real world

– 2D representation – 2.5D for synthetic 3D

view

• Ubiquitous mapping– Need based– Dynamic

• As needed• Just in time

– Context aware• Animate objects• Inanimate objects

– 3D real world perspective

– Real scale mapping


Points to Note• Major paradigm shift:

– From a person using a map to find places the person becomes a place on the map

– From the Web browser being an application to access content to the Earth itself becoming the browser to access places

• Mobile services is the future for ubiquitous mapping therefore convergence of ICT with GIS and GPS is the key

• Service provider must have the geospatial database and processing power to be able to deliver only the desired and relevant information

• Geovisualisation needs to be developed beyond maps. Maps need not be delivered if not needed by the user

• GIS, GPS and all other technologies are invisible to the user


Conclusion• Less about convention and more about invention• Evolve new interactions and new ways of interaction between data and the

user– How about mapping for the visually impaired?

• Need to look anew at data analysis, discovery and design• Present data as meaningful information tailored to meet an individual’s need

at a given time• Enable community participation in all development projects to facilitate their

approval to the changes envisaged• Geospatial industry has to become service centric instead of data or

technology centric• The Geovisualisation Challenge: Information must be in a form which is

readily comprehended– A picture may be equal to a thousand words but what if the need is only for ten

words?• The Device Challenge: Fit the information to a handheld device with or

without visual interface.


THANK YOU


geomatics: leveraging geography with ict a r dasgupta [email protected]

Documents

geographical data processing

referenced information

study of information

r dasgupta

cognitive science

computer science

social science

data storage merger