George H. W.Bush

Foreign Policy:

Wait and See

1989: The Year of Miracles

Tiananmen Square Demonstrations

General Secretary Deng Xiaoping

Tank Man

Tiananmen Square Massacre

Tiananmen Square

Fall of the Berlin WallNovember 9, 1989

1989 Spirit of Revolution

Fall of 1989: Berlin Crowds Gathered

November 9, 1989

6:53 pm

East German officialcommented on travel

laws"Well, as far as I can see, ... straightaway,

immediately."

10:30 pm (November 9, 1989)Berlin Border Opened

Fall of the Berlin Wall

Fall of the Berlin Wall

Who helped to bring down the Berlin Wall?

US Response: “A Pause”

Why did Herby “pause?”

• Working without US support• Fear of counter revolution• Might not work –look bad• Personal relationship with

Gorbachev

Berlin Wall Today

Berlin Wall (Today)

George H. W. Bush Library

Berlin Wall (Las Vegas)

German ReunificationOctober 3, 1990

Chancellor Helmut Kohl

Thaw in the Cold War Continued

Mikhail Gorbachev

• Nobel Peace Prize (1990)

• Ronald Reagan Freedom Award (1992)• Times Person of the

Decade (1990)• Times Person of the Year (1987 and 1989)

Washington SummitMay 30 – June 3, 1990

• Main Accomplishment: cut arms to Iraq

Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE)November 19, 1990

• Major turning point in American-Soviet relations• Mandated the destruction of excess weaponry • Cut conventional forces in Europe to the same levels• US Win: Soviets had to cut more

START I(Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty)

July 31, 1991

Nuclear Missiles

–US 7,200–Soviets 6,000

• US Victory: US permitted to keep more missiles

Soviet CoupAugust 18, 1991

Attempted to overthrow Gorbachev and instill a more hard-lined Communistic

government

President Bush did not accept coup leaders

Coup lasted only 2 days and Gorbachev returned to power

Russian President Boris Yeltsin

• Yeltsin gives a speech defying the coup attempt, giving rise to his popularity

Soviet Union Map

Coup EndedAugust 18 - 21, 1991

Gorbachev emerges from hiding

Gorby Losing Power

• After the coup attempt, soviet satellites began attempting to free themselves of the Soviet Union

• All power swung to Yeltsin

• Banned the Communist Party from Russia

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

December 8, 1991

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

End of the Soviet UnionDecember 25, 1991

Gorbachev resigns as leader of the SU

START II(Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty)

Signed 1993, Ratified 2000

Nuclear Warheads

–US 3,500–Russia 2,997

• US Win: US permitted to keep more warheads

Causes for the Fall of the Soviet Union

• Poor condition of Soviet economy• Excessive military spending• Gorbachev’s reforms – too good• Fall of the Berlin Wall

Growing Drug Problems in the US

Not AmericansWhose Fault?

Panamanian President Manuel Noriega

• Drug Middleman• 1988 Florida charges• Problem

– US Ally• Helped fight communism• Trained Contras initially

then began to aid the Sandinistas

• Grew in power in Panama and controlled military

Operation Just Cause (Panama)December 20, 1989

Operation Just Cause

• 22,500 US troops (23 killed)• 27 targets involved• $1 billion in damages

Capturing Noriega

Hid in the Vatican Embassy

President Manuel Noriega

• Captured (1989)

• Trial and Jail (1992)– 40 years, later 30 years

• Released??? September 9, 2007

Somalia

• over 300,000 Somalis were killed in the famine and civil war

Operation Restore HopeDecember 9, 1992

• 28,150 peacekeepers -ended famine

Herby: A Foreign Policy Guru