geosouthamerica1
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BrazilTRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 8
Brazil and its Neighbors
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Brazil
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Brazil
• The Land– Largest country in South America– Covers 3,265,060 square miles
• Rivers and Lowlands– The Amazon winds 4,000 miles from the
Andes Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean– The Amazon passes through a flat basin (a
low area surrounded by a higher land
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Brazil
• Rivers and Lowlands– The Amazon is covered with thick tropical forests– Two other low areas (Parana River and Sao
Francisco River) flows in different directions
• The Brazilian Highlands– Covers more than ½ the country– Located mostly in eastern Brazil– Low mountain ranges drop sharply at the Atlantic
Ocean (Great Escarpment) – Escarpment- steep cliff between high & low surfaces
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Brazil
• The climate– Amazon Basin-
tropical rain forest • Steamy temperatures,
rain year around
– Brazil’s Highlands• Tropical savanna, wet
and dry seasons
– Southern Brazil• Drier climate and
moderate temperatures
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Brazil’s Economic Regions
• The North– Native Americans discouraged use of land in this area– Brazilian government has encouraged logging and
mining (bauxite and iron ore)– Many worry about the overuse of land
• The Northeast– Farmers and ranchers have cleared coastal
rainforests to raise cattle and grow crops– Overgrazing has ruined much of the land
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Brazil’s Economic Regions
• The Southeast– Rich In fertile farm land and mineral resources– One of the largest iron ore deposits in the
world– Home of Brazil’s major cities and industry
• The South– Vast plains support huge herds of cattle
(exported around the world)
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Brazil’s Economic Regions
• West-central– Inland highlands and plateaus cover most of
the area– Very isolated and few settlers– Very poor soil
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Brazil
• People– Largest and fastest growing population in
Latin America– Culture is more Portuguese than Spanish
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Brazil (Influences of the Past)
• 1500s- Portuguese took control and forced natives to work in the sugar plantations and mines
• Many natives died due to disease and being overworked
• Portuguese purchased slaves and shipped them to Brazil
• Enslavement ended in 1888
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Brazil (Influences of the Past)
• 6% of the population is of African ancestry
• African customs and traditions have influenced Brazil’s culture
• 1822- Brazil became a monarchy
• 1892- Brazil became a republic
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Brazilian’s Today
• Most live along the Atlantic Coast
• The government has encouraged people to move inland
• 76% of people live in cities (some live in favela’s (slum areas)
• Futbol (soccer) is a way of life in Brazil
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Section 2
Caribbean South America
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Venezuela
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Venezuela
• The Land– Northwest- Maracaibo basin– Lowland coastal area surrounds Lake Maracaibo– Andean Highlands- home to most of Venezuelan
people– Guiana Highlands- dense rainforests, low population– Grassy plains (llanos) lie between Guiana and
Andean Highlands• Orinoco River flows through the plain and is a great source
for hydroelectric power (water generated electricity)
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Angel Falls
• Drops 2,421 feet to the river below, making it the tallest waterfalls on earth.
• Is 15 times higher than Niagara Falls
• Very difficult to reach due to the mountainous terrain
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Venezuela (The Climate)
• Mostly tropical rainforest
• Temperatures vary with altitude (height above sea level)
• Lowland Maracaibo basin and inland river valleys are hot and rainy
• Highland areas are warm during the day and cold at night
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Venezuela (Economy)• Once depended on
coffee and cocao to earn a living
• 1920s- oil was discovered and became a world oil producer
• 90% work in service or manufacturing
• Agriculture still remains a large part of the economy
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Venezuela (The Past)
• 1500s to 1800s- was a Spanish colony
• 1821- Simon Bolivar freed the northern part of the continent from Spanish rule
• 1800s-1900s- ruled by harsh military leaders or caudillos
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Venezuela (The People)
• Most are a mix of European, African, and Native American background
• Spanish is the major language
• Roman Catholicism is the major religion
• 86% of the population live in cities
• Enjoy the highest living standards in South America because of oil
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Venezuela Today
• Hugo Chavez was elected in 1998• Chavez is opposite the U.S. on several
issues:– Friendly with Communist Cuba and Castro– Lobbied oil-producing nations to raise the
price of oil– Praised guerilla movements in neighboring
countries– Denounced the U.S. involvement in the
Colombian Drug war
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Venezuela Today
• Chavez is getting close to turning Venezuela into a dictatorship
• Is being criticized by labor leaders and human rights groups
• The United States is watching Chavez very closely
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Guyana
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Guyana– Lies just north of the equator– High plateaus covered by
thick rainforests– Low flat land near the coast– Mostly rainforest– Won independence in 1966– ½ of population of Asian
ancestry– 1/3 of population of African
ancestry
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Suriname
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Suriname
– Smallest independent country in South America
– Settled by native Americans
– Late 1600s- became under Dutch rule
– 1975- became independent from Dutch
– Economy depends on agriculture and mining
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French Guiana
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French Guiana
– Low coastal plain-ocean winds keep areas around 80 degrees
– Inland rainforests- hot and humid– 1600s- French settled area– Enslaved Africans to work in mines on
sugarcane plantations– Served as a place for French prisoners from
1790s to 1940s– Still considered part of France today