Regional Workshop onInnovation and Technology Applications for Sustainable Development

andEleventh session of the SPECA Working Group on Knowledge-based Development

INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE COMPLEX «ASTANA»

NAZARBAYEV UNIVERSITY

GEOSPATIAL DATA APPLICATIONS TO MITIGATE THE NATURAL DISASTERS IN KAZAKHSTAN

Bishkek, 26 June 2019

UNITED NATIONS KYRGYZ REPUBLIC

Prof. Farida Akiyanova, Altynaiy Shaimerdenova, Institut of Geography and Environmental Research,Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan

Prof. Zhanay Sagintayev,School of engineering,Nazarbayev university,Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan

Objective: To acquaint with the experience of using geospatial data for assessing and mapping

natural hazards in Kazakhstan.

The content of presentation:

• The use of innovative GIS technologies for assessment, mapping and modeling: modern

geodetic equipment, GIS software, high-resolution remote sensing data in open access , the

use of RS data, the ability to create high-precision DEM, the presence of a geodetic testing

ground;

• examples of assessment and mapping of geological, geomorphological, hydrological,

biological hazards, the possibility of integrated assessment and the development of

recommendations for stakeholders to ensure the safety of population;

Materials:

published materials, official data from central and local executive bodies, remote sensing data,

field research, results of scientific and applied research of the Institute of Geography and

Environmental Research of the International Scientific Complex Astana, Nazarbayev

University, Institute of Geography of the of the Ministry of Education and Science of the

Republic of Kazakhstan, S. Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Information and

accounting center Ministry of Energy of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Methods:

universal methods of scientific knowledge, field observations, interpretation of Landsat-8,

Sasplanet, Planet satellite imagery, evaluation in ENVI 5.7, analysis, creation of maps and

charts in ArcGIS 10.6.

Weather data (temperature, precipitation, humidity, wind speed)Open recourses:-http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru – data for World Meteorological Organization from Kazhydromet, weather archive 2011-2019, every 3 hours, on 52 stations.-http://rp5.kz - weather archive 2005-2019, every 3 hours, on 5128 settlements of KazakhstanAnnual State and Climate Change Bulletin. Kazhydromet

Consolidated analytical report onthe state and use of lands of theRepublic of Kazakhstan (TheMinistry of National Economy);

Regional information on: Landfund by categories of land;Quality of land; Agricultural landquality; Degradation of lands;

National Communication and Report of the Republic of Kazakhstan to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change

GEOSPATIAL DATA APPLICATIONS TO MITIGATE THE NATURAL DISASTERS IN KAZAKHSTAN

The GNSS geodetic test site allows us to carry out a complex of

scientific and technical tasks for specification of global geodetic and

geophysical parameters and to conduct practical training of students,

undergraduates and other interested persons on modern GNSS

geodetic devices.

The following measures are carried out at the geodetic site:

- contributing for the improvement of the GNSS orbits for real-time

and post-processing computations at a global scale;

- improving of the knowledge of the secular motions due to tectonic

processes in Kazakhstan, Central Asia;

- conducting metrological certification and verification of geodetic

instruments;

- testing of new devices;

- research and improvement of geodetic technologies and methods;

- satellite geodetic measurements, surface topographic surveys,

digital geometric leveling;

- optimization of the creation of special geodetic systems;

- carrying out training activities for the training of personnel and the

development of new instruments and measurement technologies.

Certificates of standrad measure “Linear base of the 2nd category” and “The

leveling stand”

Training workshop at geodetic test site of Nazarbayev University

-.

• Leica base station (GNSS antenna Leica AR-10)• JAVAD base station (GNSS antenna ChokeRing Ant-Dm)

• Linear calibrated basis,• Stand for the calibration of theodolites and levels;

This test site is equipped with the following technologies

Evaluation of the climatic conditions of settlement system formation. CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Average duration of sunshine (insolation) hour

Average amount of precipitations mm/year

Average wind speed in July m/sec

Average overall temperature of the year(January, July)

оС

Dates of the last spring frosts in the air dates

Dates of the first autumn frosts in the air dates

Duration of the frost-free period in the air Number of days

INDICATORS Units of measure

EXPERIENCE IN STUDYING THE DEGREE OF FAVORABLENESS AND SECURITY OF THE POPULATION SETTLEMENT SYSTEM

Seismicity of the

territory

in points*

The degree of risk of exposure to

seismic conditions*

Population size Number of settlements

thous. people % Unit %

less than 6 weak 8908,7 51,1 4702 68,7

6moderate

1601,1 9,2 548 8,0

7 strong 2396,1 13,8 698 10,2

8 very strong 2 031,1 11,7 680 9,9

9 catastrophic 2 480,6 14,2 213 3,1

Total 17417,6 100,0 6841 100,0

Assessment of the natural-climatic conditions of formation of the settlement system

Criteria Indicators Units of measure

Tectonic seismicity points

SEISMIC CONDITIONS

Assessment of the natural-climatic conditions of formation of the settlement system

RELIEF AND EXOGENOUS PROCESSES

Degree of risk of exposure to

hazardous aeolian processes*

Population size Number of settlements

thous.ppl. % ед. %

4 significant 163,4 0,9 112 1,7

5 strong 38,3 0,2 29 0,4

Degree of

favorability

Evaluation

score

Key indicators and their parameters Area

Slope of surface, о

Range of dissection

of relief, m

Horizontal

dissection of

relief,

m/ km2

thous.

km2

% of the

total area of

the RK

favorable 5 less than 5 less than 30 less than 250 264,3 9,7

conditionally

favorable4 5-10 30-100 250-500 534,7 19,6

scarcely favorable3 10-15 100-200 500-750 1333,1 48,9

unfavorable 2 15-20 750-200 1000-750 417,4 15,3

extremely

unfavorable1 more than 20 more than 750 more than 1000 174,9 6,4

Favorability degree of

geomorphological conditions

conditionally

favorable

ratherfavorable

unfavorable

extremelyunfavorable

Number of

settlements

Population

(%)

3 005 61,5

765 4,0

1 489 11,4

603 19,3

favorable

285 3,8

Criteria Indicators Units of

measure

Geomorphol

ogical

absolute height of the terrain meters

range of dissection (relative altitude) meters

horizontal dissection (the remoteness of the

watersheds from erosion base level)

km/km2

slopes angle degrees

slopes exposition degrees

Exogenous

processes

The area of destruction, the degree of the hazard of

development of landslides, mudslides, erosion

(including mudflows), suffusion, karst, abrasion,

deflation.

points

Sand dune stabilization methods development

1. Data collection and analysis, creation of database;

2. Scientific bases of sand dune stabilization studies;

3. Analysis of field and laboratory data;

4. GIS – mapping and remote sensing data processing;

5. Modeling, stabilization methods development;

6. Implementation of the project for the protection of the settlement

and infrastructure from the onset of mobile sands.

Development and implementation of a

project to stabilize sand dunes in the

villages of Senek, Ushtagan, Tushikudyk,

Mangystau Oblast, 2004-2012.

Processing cartographic materials

and remote sensing data using geo-

information technologies and

programs.

EXPERIENCE OF STUDYING DANGEROUS GEOMORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSES. STRUGGLE AGAINST MOBILE SANDS

EXPERIENCE OF STUDYING DANGEROUS GEOMORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSES. KARST.

In Kazakhstan, despite its sharply continental climate and

small amount of precipitation, karst phenomena are

widespread. Area of karsting rocks constitutes 31,5 % of the

total territory.

Within the research area only one karst area is specified, that

is the Turan Plate, incorporating 3 regions: Mountain

Mangystau, Plain Mangystau, Plain Ustirt.

Akshukyr_Aktau, risk of karst development in

populated areas, A. Bekkuliyeva and others., 2017

Cape Adamtas, karst development in the

coastal zone. Bekkuliyeva А. and others.,2017

Funnel

The entrance to the

cave Baskaragan

Degree of

favorability

Key indicators and their parameters Area Population

Module

of

runoff,

l/s*km2

River

network

density,

km/m2

Factor of

availability

of lakes

thous. km2

% of the

area of

the RK

Number of

settlement

s

% of the total

population of

the RK

Favorable1,5-1,0

and more

1,2-3,0 and

more3984 149,9 5,5 1163 58,2

Conditionally

favorable1,0-0,6 0,8-1,2 1558 340,6 12,5 1845 11,1

Scarcely

favorable

0,5-0,2 0,5-0,8 48 547,7 20,1 1777 0,2

Unfavorable 0,01-0,2 0,2-0,5 979 760,2 27,9 1964 26,2

Extremely

unfavorable

less than

0,05

less than

0,2510 926,5 34,0 353 4,3

Indicators for evaluation of surface water

availability of rivers

availability of lakes

availability of springs, areas of seepage of groundwater

module of surface water runoff in the territory

Assessment of the natural-climatic conditions of formation of the settlement system

SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND WATER

Degree of

favorability

Miner

alizati

on,

mg/l

Area Population

thous.

km2

% of

the

area of

the RK

Number

of

settlem

ents

% of the

total

populatio

n of the

RK

favorable below

1

1049,1 38,5 3984 26,7

conditionally

favorable

1-3 689,4 25,3 1558 33,9

scarcely

favorable

3-5 62,7 2,3 48 17,5

unfavorable 5-10 460,5 16,9 979 17,0

extremely

unfavorable

over

10

463,2 17,0 510 4,9

Indicators for evaluation of underground water

availability of groundwater deposits (sources)

volume (stock) of groundwater

forecast operational resources of underground water

mineralization of underground water

spread of medicinal and mineral underground water

RESULT

1. Development of the scenarios of the Esil and Nura rivers floods influence in different hydrological conditions;

2. Creation of floods risk maps;

3. Development of recommendations for preventive measures complex creation of the Esiland Nura Rivers floods.

EXPERIENCE OF STUDYING HAZARDOUS HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES

The transverse of the river Esil near the village of Turgenevka. Levels of rising water during the flood period are shown.

The transverse profile of the river Nura near the village Koshkarbaeva.

Levels of rising water during the flood period are shown.

Approbation of the work of the program HEC-RAS (1D) according to the Esil river

channel section from its source to the junction No. 42.

Space Image, HEC-RAS Layers

Hydrometric data in HEC-RAS

APPLICATION OF THE METHODS OF REMOTE SENSING OF THE EARTH TO STUDY THE

BATHYMETRY OF THE COASTAL PART OF THE ASTANA RESERVOIR

Determination of the coastline of the Astana reservoir according to the course of the values of the initial brightness,

PlanetScope, 28.05.2018. Landsat-8, 26.05.2018г.

Sentinel-2, 04.06.2018г.

PlanetScope, 28.05.2018.

Results of the bathymetry, measured

by the echo sounder. 15.10.2014.

Landsat-8 Sentinel-2 PlanetScope

Figure 4 – Correlation graphs of the magnitude of the satellite bathymetry (Z) with measured values

Landsat-8, 26.05.2018г. Sentinel-2, 04.06.2018г.PlanetScope, 28.05.2018.

EXPERIENCE WITH THE METHODS OF SATELLITE BATHYMETRY

REGIONALIZATION OF NATURAL-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF FORMATION OF THE SETTLEMENT SYSTEM

FAVORABLE DEGREE OF

NATURAL AND CLIMATICCONDITIONS

extremely unfavorable

unfavorable

rather favorable

conditionally favorable

A complex assessment of natural-

climatic conditions and their

regionalization on the degree of

favorability and safety of

resettlement are carried out.

It was revealed that Aktobe and

Shymkent agglomerations,

Kokshetau and Ust-Kamenogorsk

local compact resettlement systems

are partially located on

conditionally favorable areas. Nur-

Sultan and Almaty agglomerations

and the most part of the local

resettlement systems are located in

scarcely favorable conditions.

Atyrau and Aktau local

resettlement systems, individual

single-industry towns and rural

settlements of the Aral Sea, the

Caspian Sea and Balkhash Lake

regions are located in unfavorable

and extremely unfavorable

conditions.

Estimated components of the environment and their indicators for assessing the risk of developing hazardous processes

Geological and geomorphological

1. The degree of danger of exposure to exogenous

processes (erosion, abrasion, landslide,

landslide, scree, suffosion, deflationary);

2. The degree of manifestation of negative relief-forming processes

Climatic

1. The risk of extremely high and low air temperatures;

2. Risk of strong fogs (degree of risk of strong fogs)

3. The risk of heavy precipitation

4. The risk of heavy snowfall 5. The risk of icy frost formations

6. The risk of strong winds

7. The risk of severe blizzards

Hydrological

1. The danger of flooding during the spring flood and rain floods on river,

2. The danger of floods associated with the occurrence of mash and zazhorennyh

phenomen,

3. Danger of surges on the coasts

4. Danger of floods,

5. Evaluation of flooding zones,

6. The danger of rising groundwater levels,

7. Danger of river drying

Soil

1. The risk of contamination by mobile metals in soils

2. Soil bonitet score

3. Risk of soil degradation (natural-water, wind erosion,

salinization, salinization; anthropogenic-

dehumification, water erosion, salinization, man-made loads, petrochemical

salinization, radioactive contamination)

4. Risk of soil degradation

Vegetation

1. The risk of losing species diversity of vegetation

2. The risk of decreasing vegetation productivity

3. The risk of reducing the projective cover of vegetation

(vegetation index SAVI)

4. Risk of overgrazing vegetation degradation

5. Risk of destruction of vegetation due to fires

(frequency of fires)

EXPERIENCE OF STUDYING THE COMPLEX OF HAZARDOUS NATURAL PROCESSESA comprehensive risk assessment of the impact of the natural conditions of the Kazakh part of the Lianyungang International Transport Corridor (PRC) - Duisburg

(Germany) from the dry port Korgas / Dostyk to the seaports of Aktau / Kuryk (2015-2017) was carried out.

Natural risks - the likelihood of hazardous natural processes and phenomena that entail various kinds of losses (for example, destruction of transport

infrastructure facilities, industrial facilities, settlements, etc.).

Risk, indicators and parameters Indicator / Risk Level Very Low Low Medium High Very High

ClimateExtreme heat risk The average number of days per year with air

temperature - 20 С above the average Julytemperature

>0,1 0,11-0,3 0,31-0,5 0,51-0,70,7<

Extremely low temperature risk The average number of days per year with airtemperature - 20 С below the average Januarytemperature

0,3-0,5 0,1-0,3 0,3-0,5 0,5-0,7 0,7<

Risk of heavy fogs Average number of days >10 10-20 20-30 30-40 40<

Risk of heavy snowfall Average number of days >0,01 0,01-0,1 0,1-0,5 0,5-1,0 1,0<

Risk of severe blizzards Average number of days with wind speed more than 17 m / s >0,01 0,01-0,1 0,1-1,0 1,0-5,0 5,0<

Risk of strong winds Вероятность сильных ветров < 1 time in 20 years 1 time in 10-20 years 1 time in 1-10 years 1 time in a year >1 time in a year

Risk of icing and frost Ice wall thickness in mm

>3 3-5 5-10 10-15 15<

Risk Indicator / Risk Level Low Medium High Very High

WaterRisk of flooding Repeatability of excess of water

level (in%)50-10 10-5 5-2 2-0,1

Max lift level (m) < 1 1-1,5 1,5-2 > 2

Risk of flooding by groundwater Depth of occurrence > 3-5 < 3-5 < 2-3 < 2

Dissection of the relief > 50 < 50 < 5-10 < 2

Drainability highly-drained weakly-drained Undrained Costal zones

Risk of drying out The frequency of occurrence of years with the drying up of rivers (%)

Rivers on which drying was not observed less than 30 30-70 more than 70

VegetationThe risk of species diversity loss Species wealth index 8-14 7-11 5,5-6,5 >6

Shannon Index 0,6-0,92 0,5-0,8 0,5-0,68 0,26-0,5

Risk of productivity reducing Productivity >80 80-50 50-10 <10

Risk of reducing the projective cover Projective cover, % 50-80 15-30 10-15 <10

Risk of vegetation degradation due to

overgrazing

The average density of cattle0,3-0,68 6,8-20,4 20,4-36,1 36,1-109,6

Risk of vegetation destruction by fires Fire frequency Very rare fires Rare fires, focal Burning, fires Strong burnout

Indicators and parameters used to analyze the risk of the impact of environmental components on the transport corridor

Risk analysis of environmental components impact on the transport corridor

Natural conditions/components:

Geological and geomorphological

Meteorological

Hydrological

Soil

Vegetative

22%

65%

13%

Share of geological and geomorphological risk

levels, %

высокий

средний

низкий

high

medium

low

9

18

41

27

5

Share of climate risk levels,%

высокийвыше среднегосреднийниже среднегонизкий

high

above average

medium

below average

low

21

22

23

18.5

15

Share of hydrological risk levels, %

высокий выше среднего

средний ниже среднего

низкий

above average

below average

high

medium

low

5%

73%

22%

0.2

0.006 Proportion of soil risk levels, %

высокий

выше среднего

средний

ниже среднего

низкий

high

above average

medium

below average

low

31%

6%

4%4%

55%

Share of plant risk levels, %

высокий

выше среднего

средний

ниже среднего

низкий

high

above average

medium

below average

low

THE LEGEND OF THE GRAPHS

The levels of geomorphological risk

weak

medium

strong

Level of climate risks

low

below average

medium

above average

high

The level of hydrological risk

low

below average

medium

above average

high

The level of risk of soil degradation

low

below average

medium

above average

high

low

below average

medium

above average

high

The level of risk of degradation of vegetation

Components of physical

and geographical

conditions

ClimaticHydrologi

cal

Geomorphologi

calSoil Vegetative

Relief 3 8 0 1 4

Climate 0 2 7 0 1

Natural water 9 0 7 2 1

Soil 8 6 8 0 7

Vegetative 9 8 7 9 0

Amount of points 29 24 29 12 13

Qualimetric ratio, % 100 83 100 41 45

Qualimetric approach in assessing the risk of exposure to physical and

geographical conditions

The integral indicator showing the General level of risk of influence of a complex of

natural conditions is defined by the formula:

R i = ∑ Уhydr+Уmeteo+Уgeomorph+Уsoil +Уveget

𝒏(1)

here, R i – the integral indicator of risk;

У – risk level of climatic, hydrological, geomorphological and soil-plant factors,

taking into account the "contribution»;

n – number of analyzed components of physical and geographical conditions.

Map of the levels of impact of natural risks on the functioning of the Kazakh

section of the silk road from Khorgos/Dostyk to Aktau/Kuryk ports

Level of risk Main recommendation

High

the use of combined physical and chemical methods to combat icy-frost phenomena, the

installation of speed limits in hazardous areas;

creation of drainage facilities, reclamation measures;

construction of protective dams, regulation of river flow during high water, strengthening of

banks, blasting to clean the riverbed from ice, artificial replenishment of reservoirs;

establishment of different regimes of special protection, depending on the environmental and

recreational value of natural areas;

Above the

average

the use of combined physical and chemical methods to combat icy-frost phenomena, the

installation of speed limits in hazardous areas;

to warn drivers in advance of the risk of fog;-strengthening of the eroded banks, regulation of

water volumes in the periods;

construction of protective dams, regulation of river flow during floods and floods, blasting to

clean the riverbed from ice;

establishment of various special protection regimes, land reclamation

Average

installation of snow protection panels, preparation of equipment and teams to eliminate snow,

forecast synoptic processes;

anti-erosion measures, fixing and afforestation of mobile soil types;

construction of anti-flood dams;-intensive type of economic activity with high technologies;

reduction of accidents on pipelines, land reclamation.

Below the

average

forecast of synoptic processes;

creation of a system of forest belts and windbreaks;

planting of forest belts, creation of drainage devices (side ditches, trays, drainage wells, water-

absorbing and drainage devices);

extensive type of economic activity with strict control by state bodies and environmental

organizations;

Low

erosion control, change of methods of ploughing of adjacent lands;

reduction of water intake;

creation of drainage facilities, reclamation measures;

6

32

1727

18

Доля различных уровней

риска, %высокий

выше среднего

средний

ниже среднего

низкий

Share of different risk

levels, %

high

above average

medium

below average

low

Activities in the field of information

services:

- information and technical support

of state bodies;

- - software development,

implementation and modernization;

Information systems and electronic

information resources available personally

for You

JSC "INFORMATION registration CENTER", the platform for business "QOLDAU»

Developed and implemented a digital

platform for business QOLDAU,

which contains constantly developing

and expanding resources and services.

https://www.qoldau.kz

EXPERIENCE IN THE ASSESSMENT AND MAPPING OF BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS

SOFTWARE PRODUCT FOR REMOTE MONITORING

OF LAND PLOTS AND EFFECTIVE DECISION-MAKING

Digital business

platform

https://www.qoldau.kz

The subsystem is

designed to improve the

reliability, availability

and openness of

information on the state

of industries in agriculture

and ensure the adoption of

economically sound

decisions of the Ministry

of agriculture and the

Government of

Kazakhstan, regions, etc.

WATER OBJECTS OF KAZAKHSTAN

Water objects of Kazakhstan

SOIL MOISTURE DYNAMICS IN KAZAKHSTAN FROM 2002 TO 2018

DIGITIZED ARABLE LAND

The subsystem "MAP" is

designed to generate

aggregate information, and

monitoring the detection of

habitat and the spread of

harmful, especially

dangerous harmful

organisms and quarantine

objects on the territory of

Kazakhstan, including by

displaying information on

electronic maps with the

ability to download remote

sensing of the earth.

Formed by the results of

field surveys RSU

"Republican methodical

center of phytosanitary

diagnostics and forecasts"

of the Ministry of

agriculture.

Mapping of land in GIS of Pavlodar

region was carried out:

1) to identify the centers of quarantine

weed distribution;

2) on the population of larvae of locust

pests.

QUARANTINE OBJECT

Quarantine object

SURVEY OF LAND TO IDENTIFY THE FOCI OF SPREAD OF QUARANTINE WEEDS

(GORCHYAK, POVILIKA)

PHYTOSANITARY MONITORING

Conclusion

The use of geospatial data, technologies and services for the assessment and geoinformation

mapping of natural hazards makes it possible to assess the level of risk occurrence and impact on

society and natural-economic systems. On the basis of a risk and vulnerability assessment,

recommendations and measures to reduce them should be developed, measures for the sustainable

organization of territories should be planned;

The results of the projects show that it is necessary to apply new technologies, many things should

be reviewed, updated to obtain relevant data, you need to know about the many available free services

and products that you can use in your work, especially to use these opportunities to monitor

environmental conditions;

A separate issue should highlight the need to apply process modeling, to obtain scenarios for

possible development, on the basis of which sustainable planning is possible.

The natural conditions, approaches, and research methodology, which are conducted in Kazakhstan

and Central Asian countries are quite close, they can be used, supplemented, developed in the

framework of cooperation with all SPECA countries, which can further contribute to the sustainable

development of the entire region.

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Thank you for your attention!

INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE COMPLEX «ASTANA»

Institute of Geography and

Environmental Research

Contacts: Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan,

Kabanbay batyr avenue, 8, 404 office,

Тел. 8 7172 954 263,

E-mail: ige.isca@gmail.com;

akiyanova@isca.kz

NAZARBYEV UNIVERSITY

School of engineering

Contacts: Kazakhstan, Nur-Sultan,

Kabanbay batyr avenue, 53

E-mail: zhanay.sagintayev@nu.edu.kz

24