geospatial information monitoring systems to … exchange...banaue, ifugao is about 320 km north of...
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Research Engagement and Advocacy Program
Geospatial Information Monitoring Systems to
Support Environmental Planning Conservation and
Management of a World Heritage Site. Sontillanosa, RD1, Ramos, AR2
Executive Summary
This paper discusses the importance and application of an information monitoring
system in managing the rice terraces of the Philippines. The world famous rice terraces are
threatened due to different socio-economic and physical factors. The Local Government Unit
of Banaue launched a project to save the rice terraces by restoring damage and abandoned
terrace plot. The proposed information system can be a great tool to assist in the monitoring,
planning and management of these terraces. The proponent designed a prototype that could be
improved later based on the other needs of the LGU.
1 Information System Analyst III, Geospatial Database Management Division, Geospatial Information System Management Branch, NAMRIA 2 Information System Analyst III, Geospatial Database Management Division, Geospatial Information System Management Branch, NAMRIA
Research Engagement and Advocacy Program
I. Introduction:
This research study intends to focus on designing a Geospatial Information Monitoring
System that will assist the Local Government Unit of Banaue in monitoring, inventory and
management of the Banaue Rice Terraces in the province of Ifugao. The Municipality of
Banaue houses two clusters of rice terraces (Batad and Bangaan Rice Terraces) which were
enlisted in the United Nations, Education, Scientific and Cultural Office (UNESCO) Cultural
World Heritage Sites in 1995. The other heritage sites are found in the municipalities of
Hunduan (Hapao Rice Terraces), Mayoyao (Mayoyao Rice Terraces) and Kiangan
(Nagacadan-Julongan Rice Terraces)
The existence of the world famous rice terraces continues to be threatened due to
changes in land use, increasing population, social and industrial pressures, lack of water, and
out-migration. It prompted different sectors like the national government, local government
units (LGUs), and international organizations such as the United Nations Educational,
Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), academe and private sector to seek solutions
in restoring its natural beauty and heritage values. Efforts to preserve and restore the damage
terraces are being done continuously. Last year, the Local Government Unit of Banaue led by
reelected Mayor Jerry Dalipog created the Banaue Rice Terraces Restoration Office (BRTRO)
to lead the restoration project in the municipality. A partnership with Unilevel Harvester, Inc.
has been sealed in bid to help the LGU restore the damaged or abandoned terraces. [1]
To preserve the terraces, it entails two distinct actions: an indirect and a direct
approach. Conserving the forest is the indirect approach, this will ensure the continuous flow
of the water which is the life support of the terraces; on the other hand, the direct approach
would be to regularly monitor and maintain the condition of the rice terraces. [2]
Based on the interview with the Banaue LGU, 332 hectares of the 1,607 hectares of
the rice terraces needs to be restored immediately. BRTRO are expected to restore at least 12
hectares of damaged/abandoned terraces monthly. Lack of updated maps makes the BRTRO
job quite difficult. Accessibility of the abandoned terraces and weather conditions are added
problems in the restoration project. To manage the accessibility of the information needed to
preserve and restore a rice terrace, a Geospatial Information Monitoring System is a powerful
tool for this kind of activity.
Research Engagement and Advocacy Program
The Objectives of the study are the following:
To design a Geospatial Information Monitoring System to support the environmental
planning unit of the LGU in the inventory, management and conservation of the Rice
Terraces.
To capacitate the LGU of Banaue in using Geospatial Data in monitoring and managing
their resources.
To explore the capability of IFSAR data to generate a GIS based baseline information
that different stakeholders can use.
Significance of the Study:
There are many studies already conducted in Banaue but the significance of this study
will be on the development of the design of Geospatial Information Monitoring System to be
used by the LGU of Banaue.
II. Methodology:
Research Design
The Research Design is participatory in nature. The design of the Geospatial
Information Monitoring System was based on the needs of the BRTRO assigned to monitor the
restoration program of the LGU. Participatory approach is conducted through meetings,
interview and actual field validation on the site. A GIS training was also conducted to capacitate
the LGU staff in the use of the technology.
Locale of the Study
Figure 1: Map of Ifugao
Research Engagement and Advocacy Program
Banaue, Ifugao is about 320 km north of Metro Manila and can be reached after 8-hour
bus ride from Manila. It is one of the eleven towns of Ifugao province, which is the home of
the famous Rice Terraces inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List on 1995. It lies in the
foot of Mt. Amuyao, the highest peak in the area and bounded on the north by the municipality
of Barlig, Mountain Province, on the east by the municipality of Mayoyao, on the west by the
municipality of Hungduan and on the south by the municipality of Hingyon.
The total land area of Banaue is 21,807 hectares based from the approved Cadastre
Survey (CAD 1034-D) on October 1990. The Municipality of Banaue has 18 barangays. The
barangays of Poblacion, Tam-an and Bucos are considered urban areas. The remaining 15
barangays (Anaba, Amganad, Balawis, Bangaan, Batad, Gohang, Poitan, Pugo, Uhaj,
Viewpoint,Ducligan, Kinakin, San Fernando, Cambulo, Banao) are considered rural areas.
LGU Involvement.
The Municipality of Banaue is the LGU partner on this research study. They were
capacitated in using Open Source GIS specifically Quantum GIS. To assure the sustainability
of the project, the LGU partners will assist in the design, collection of data, interpretation of
maps and maintenance of the monitoring system.
Respondents of the Study:
The respondents of the research study are staff from Banaue LGU’s Banaue Rice
Terraces Restoration Office (BRTRO), Municipal Engineering Office, Municipal Planning and
Development Office (MPDO), Assessor’s Office and Office of the Mayor.
Data Gathering, Procedure and Sampling design
Research and Collection of Data
To identify the gaps in the management of the heritage site, research and collection of
data will be conducted through stakeholders meeting and workshop. Different thematic maps
will also be collected to serve as baseline information for the design of Geospatial Information
Monitoring System.
Field Validation
This activity will be done to validate the actual status of the resources. (terraces, water
source, forest) This will help the design team in validating what it is on the ground based on
the thematic maps that will be collected.
Research Engagement and Advocacy Program
System Analysis and Design
This activity will include Client Requirement Analysis. Creation of Entity-
Relationship (E-R) and Universal Modified Language diagrams (UML).
LGU GIS Training, User’s training of Monitoring System
GIS as well as User’s training of Monitoring System will be conducted to capacitate
the LGU staff.
III. Literature Review
The term Geospatial gained popularity in the late 1980’s. It is used to define the
collective data and associated technology that has geographic coordinates. [3] It is often used
interchangeably with Geographic Information System (GIS). These technologies are becoming
popular for heritage managers and planners. Even UNESCO supports the use of these
technologies in the preparation of a detailed site management plan required for the nomination
of an archaeological site in the list of World Heritage Site. [4] GIS has a big role in cultural
heritage management because it could provide a mapping environment where huge amount of
information can be analyzed and correlated based on their data type and geographic
coordinates. [5]
One of the requirements of the World Heritage Convention before a potential site can
be included in the list of World Heritage Sites is a digital repository that will serve as a common
platform to receive unlimited amount of information, which will also allow the analysis for
prioritizing of development interventions and presentation of consistent and reliable
information. [6] A heritage information system is a digital repository that could provide
potential stakeholders with a tool to make a better decision in managing and protecting the site.
[7] An example is the “State of Conservation Information System” developed by the World
Heritage Centre. This project was completed in 2013 with an objective of developing a
comprehensive and integrated computerized information system (database) on the state of
conservation of the World Heritage properties that was examined by the World Heritage
Committee since 1979.
In the historic center of Cuenca in Equador a Heritage Information System (HIS) was
also developed. The HIS was successful in showing its capabilities to analyze simultaneously
different types of data for the conservation and preservation of the historical site. [8] On the
other hand, a web-based Information Management System, the Silk Roads Cultural Heritage
Research Engagement and Advocacy Program
Information System was developed to support the preparation of the Central Asia Silk Roads
serial and transnational nominations on the UNESCO World Heritage List. [6] Information
systems can also include architectural 3D models based on physical remains with historical and
recent source materials. This kind of IS was developed for the Lorsch Abbey, a World Heritage
Site in Hesse, Germany to understand the role and the position of the abbey during the medieval
and early modern times. [9]
In the Philippines, an information system was also developed by the Ecoinfolab of
University of the Philippines Los Banos to promote and discussed indigenous knowledge on
natural resource management and served as a framework to organize the documentation of the
indigenous plants in the Cordillera Administrative Region. [10] However, the website
www.infosys.ecoinfolab.com is no longer accessible. On the other hand, there is another online
portal that shows an inventory of cultural properties and historic events in the Philippine, “The
Philippine Heritage Map” which is powered by archesproject.org. The Arches project is an
open source inventory and management system for the heritage field developed jointly by the
Getty Conservation Institute and World Monuments Fund. [11] Data entry into the Philippine
Heritage Map is still in progress and Banaue is not included. In addition, the portal is only for
viewing purposes showing maps of different heritage towns in the Philippines.
IV. Findings/ Results
Research and Collection of Data
The NAMRIA team went to Ifugao last October 9-12 to conduct a field validation and
coordination with the local executives of the Provincial LGU of Ifugao and Municipal LGU of
Banaue. First, a coordination meeting with the Ifugao Cultural Heritage Office (ICHO) was
conducted to formally liaise the team’s activities for the entire duration of the trip. It was
followed by a courtesy call with Ms. Rosario Dumelod, Provincial Director of the DILG-Ifugao
Field Office. A brief presentation of the project was provided by NAMRIA team emphasizing
the increasing need for geospatial information and services in environmental monitoring
systems. With the limitations on time and funding, NAMRIA has initially selected the
Municipality of Banaue as the pilot site. Banaue also has two UNESCO World Heritage Sites
in its locality, the Batad and Bangaan Rice Terraces.
A courtesy call with the Honorable Vice Governor Jose Jordan Gullitiw was also
conducted, alongside the Provincial Legislators’ Forum in the province. Presentations made by
the team garnered positive responses from the Vice Governor as the increasing damages in the
rice terraces not only pose socioeconomic but also environmental concerns in their constituents.
Research Engagement and Advocacy Program
After a series of meetings with the Provincial Government, the team proceeded with the
Municipality of Banaue on October 11, 2016 to discuss the project details. The team was given
an opportunity to present the project before the Sangguniang Bayan (SB), headed by the
Honorable Vice Mayor Joel Bungallon. The team assured the LGU that the project results will
be cascaded to the community for the same’s consumption. They also encouraged the
Municipal Government to forge partnership with NAMRIA for the Philippine Geoportal
Project. During the presentation, Honorable Council Chester Bahatan asked for the
responsibility of the LGU to the project. The team replied that the project will require the
assistance of the local government in data collection and field validation activities.
Lastly, meeting with Honorable Mayor Jerry Dalipog resulted to a positive response
from the LGU. Mayor Dalipog was grateful that their Municipality was chosen to be the
benefactor of this research project. He said this is very timely because he was proposing for a
rehabilitation project of damage terraces. But they need updated maps and training in GIS. He
also added that this project is a big help to their municipality. The LGU staff needs capacity
building with regards to mapping. The team assured him that capacity building is part of the
objectives of the research project. Proposed timeline of activities was later discussed during
the meeting.
Interferrometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (IFSAR) of Banaue courtesy of
NAMRIA, Conklin’s Land Use Map courtesy of Dr. Stephen Acabado of UCLA are the Initial
Geospatial Data collected for this research study.
GIS Training Using QGIS
A five-day Basic GIS training using Quantum GIS was conducted on Nov. 21- 25, 2016
at the old Sanguniang Bayan Office in Banue, Ifugao. Quantum GIS is an open source GIS
software. It was attended by representatives from Banaue Rice Terraces Restoration Office
(BRTRO), Municipal Planning and Development Office (MPDO), Municipal Engineering
Office, Municipal Assessor’s Office and Mayor’s Office. One representative from DENR NGP
local coordinating office also attended the training.
The modules used for the training was customized by using datasets from the 1:500
Land Use map of the American Anthropologist Dr. Harold Conklin. Although the map was
quite old it was generated using aerial photographs that shows the rice terraces and other land
use during that time in Banaue. Engr. Gayuma, the Municipal Engineer believes that Conklin’s
maps will serve as benchmark to understand how much of the previous terraces were damage
or lose due to abandonment and change in land use. Aside from basic map appreciation,
Research Engagement and Advocacy Program
detailed lectures on map digitization, georeferencing, geodatabase and
geoprocessing tools were presented – to help build the capacities of all participants
in managing data using GIS. The participants including Mayor Jerry Dalipog were
thankful for the timely initiative from NAMRIA and for choosing Banaue as
beneficiary of the research grant.
On the other hand, the Advance GIS training using QGIS was conducted on
March 20-24, 2017. The same set of participants during the Basic GIS Training
attended the advance training. The five days training includes introduction to
database analysis, advance editing, plotting of technical descriptions, and the use
of different plug-ins in spatial and surface analysis. The participants also learned
how to generate a 3d map of Banaue and basics of Global Positioning System
Project Presentation
After the Advance GIS training the participants presented to NAMRIA their plans on
how they are going to use GIS on their respective projects in the LGU. They were divided into
four groups according to the unit/ office where they belong. After the presentation they said
they still need time to practice how to use the technology. Mayor Dalipog asked his staff to
take this chance to learn GIS because he believes that this technology would help them manage
their resources especially in policy and decision making.
The following are the topics presented by the LGU staff:
1. The Engineering group would like to use GIS in the design and construction of the
irrigation canal using the contours converted from IFSAR. They also need to map the
terraces that will benefit from the irrigation canal.
2. The Assessor group presented the idea of mapping the houses or buildings
within Poblacion to assess the status of each building for tax purposes. They
will try to create a database for this project.
3. The BRTRO on the other hand needs to have a map of the terraces for their
restoration project. They need to have an inventory of these terraces to
monitor the status.
4. The Mayor’s office group is planning to map the utilities around Banaue
like lamp post, garbage collection, etc.
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GIMS Development
A survey for Client Requirement Analysis (CRA) was conducted last January 22-
February 4, 2017. A CRA is important to information system design to understand what the
client need. Since the newly established unit of BRTRO is the one directly responsible in the
restoration and management of the rice terraces, the geospatial information monitoring system
was designed based on how they are going to monitor the activities of the restoration project.
Due to time and resource constraint the GIMS developed was for BRTRO used only.
However, this could be improved and replicated for the other units of the LGU.
According to Engr. John Wiggan Comitting of BRTRO, the project aims not only to
restore and fix damaged and abandon terraces but to encourage the farmers to plant Tinawon
on their respective terraces. However, not all damaged and abandoned terraces will be restored
by them. Only those terraces whose owners agreed to have the LGU fix their terraces will be
included in the restoration project.
The process start with identifying where is the damaged and abandoned terraces using
Google Earth, then the BRTRO staff would identify the owners of these terraces. They will ask
the owners/ farmer if they want the LGU to include their terrace plot in to the restoration
program. If the owner agreed they will enter into a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with
the LGU who will take over the terraces plot for three years. The capital for the restoration and
planting will come solely from the LGU. One hundred percent of the income from the produce
of the terrace plot will go the local government. However, after three years if the owner decide
that he/she wants the LGU to continue working on their terrace plot, the owner will receive
30% of the income, only 70% will go back to the government. During the restoration activity
the owner can also choose to work on his plot. He/she needs to sign a different MOA indicating
that he will work on his plot. The farmer/ owner will receive a compensation from the LGU.
Still, the owner will only get a share from the income after three years if he opted to have the
LGU continue working on his/her plot.
Research Engagement and Advocacy Program
Figure 2: Process flow for the restoration project
During the discussion with the BRTRO staff, the process is quite tedious and time
consuming. One of the problem they have encountered is the identification and selection of the
project site. They relied heavily with Google earth which may not be updated or the resolution
of the images are not applicable to them. Another problem that Engr. Antonio Gayumma
mentioned is the basis for the number of hectares of damage terraces. They don’t have a
physical data where this information came from. Mr. James Damoyan, secretary of the Mayor
said that they were told by staff of Department of Agriculture that about 600 hectares of terraces
were already damage but neither baseline map was given to them nor a copy of study that
would attest to this assumption.
The Banaue Rice Terraces Restoration Office was established only last July 2016. They
have around five laptops and 1 desktop. Microsoft excel is used to monitor the activities and
maintain the records of the farmers. All records are also in hard copies. Each “Payoh” is drawn
in a white paper.
The proposed Geospatial Information Monitoring System will assist particularly the
staff of BRTRO in monitoring and inventory of the terraces. A database of the terrace profile
which includes the name of the owner, the status of the terrace plot, location, date when the
project started and when it will end, the type of crop planted on the terrace plot. A library of
the terrace owner, terrace status, crop type will be created for easy updating. Ideally the
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database should be connected to a Geographic Information System (GIS) to make the storage,
access, inventory, and retrieval of the information easier and faster.
A conceptual design was first created.
The entities identified are as follows:
1. Terrace or Payoh – this entity refers to a specific terrace. It is represented by a polygon
in the spatial database.
2. Owner – this entity owns the terraces
3. Terrace Status- this refers to status of the terrace. It could be damaged, abandoned,
restored.
4. Crop- this entity refers to the crop planted in the terraces.
5. Activity- the activity conducted to monitor the rehabilitation of the terraces
6. BRTRO- Banaue Rice Terraces Restoration Office, the unit responsible in the
monitoring of the restoration program.
A Terrace or a payoh is a single terrace plot owned by a person that is belong to a
cluster of terrace plots. Terrace clusters are separated by streams. A terrace cluster could be
enlisted as a UNESCO Word Heritage Site or a potential site for WHS.
A Terrace Status could be restored, damaged or abandoned. Damaged terraces may be
due to damage walls & landslides. Abandoned are those terraces left dried and unplanted for
almost 5 years. Restored are the terraces that were restored subject to the restoration program
of the LGU.
On the other hand, the terrace owner can own one or more than one terrace plot. It
could be located in one location or in different locations. The owner can opt to work on the
rehabilitation of his terrace plot.
The Crop is composed of varieties of Tinawon Rice. It is a type of heirloom rice
originally planted in Ifugao.
The Activity is conducted by the BRTRO staff in the terrace. For each project, the
attributes of the terrace will be collected and updated in the database. It is composed of
cleaning, tilling, dike preparation, excavation, seedbed preparation and seed sowing.
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Figure 3:Entity-Relationship Diagram showing the relationship and cardinality for the terrace
monitoring
Figure 4: The location of the terraces as shown in the google earth.
Research Engagement and Advocacy Program
This research study developed a web based monitoring system for BRTRO’s inventory
and monitoring activities on the terraces. The system was developed using HTML, PHP,
Bootstrap and Laravel framework for the front-end and back-end programming and MySQL
database server.
Figure 5: A sketch of the terraces under the restoration program. On this example, one owner owns several terrace plots.
Figure 6: A sample page of the monitoring system for the terrace activity.
Figure 7: This sample page shows seedbed preparation and seed sowing activity
Research Engagement and Advocacy Program
Mapping the Terraces
One of the methods to generate the terrace map is by digitizing the terraces from the
available satellite images using QGIS. The locations of the terraces are stored in local
coordinate system and later projected to WGS 84 to be consistent with the other data. Another
method is by the use of SW Maps3.
The staff of the LGU went out during the advance GIS training to try the SW Map
application to map the terraces. The chosen terraces were based on the current project of
BRTRO. One of the objectives is to check the accuracy of the SW Map and Global Positioning
System (GPS) in measuring the area of each terrace and plot the location into the QGIS. The
group went to Brgy. Poitan. The group were divided into two. One group is using GPS while
the other one is using Smart Phones with SW Maps. Comparing the results of the GPS and SW
Maps to the actual measurements on the ground, there are terraces where they got almost the
same area while there are some where the difference is quite big. These may be due to multipath
errors acquired by GPS and SW Maps.
Some of the LGU staff fined the SW Maps easier and more convenient to use
compared to GPS. In SW Maps, they can directly create a polygon unlike in the GPS where
only points and lines are saved. SW Maps is a mobile GIS app which makes work faster because
the polygon generated are converted to shape file which can lessen the time for digitizing. To
assure the quality of the data generated from SW Maps, it is suggested that several test should
be done to compare the results to the actual measurements on the ground using traditional
measuring tools before they used it for mapping and data collection.
Recommendations/ Conclusion
The Geospatial Information Monitoring System can be a very helpful tool in
monitoring and inventory of terrace status. However, LGU Banaue should invest on the
technology. The staff should attend more training in information technology and GIS. The LGU
can tap students from Ifugao State University to assist them in encoding and in database design.
Further improvement for the monitoring system developed on this study should be done. Open
Source software and datasets are highly recommended to be used by the LGU. They can also
tap the Philippine Geoportal for copies of geospatial data from different government agencies.
3 SW Maps is a free GIS app for collecting, presenting and sharing geographic information, for phones and tablets developed by SOFTWEL (P) Ltd. from Nepal.
Research Engagement and Advocacy Program
References
[1] H. F. Palangchao, "Banaue eyes P100 M profit in fixed terraces," Baguio
Midland Courier, 5 June 2016.
[2] R. M. Gonzalez, Platforms and Terraces. ITC Dissertation No. 72,
International Institute for Aerospace Survey and Earth Sciences (ITC), 2000.
[3] C. Demsey, "GIS LOUNGE," 14 January 2014. [Online]. Available:
https://www.gislounge.com/difference-gis-geospatial/.
[4] S. H. Parcak, "Conservation, Heritage Management, and Ethics," in Satellite
Remote Sensing for Archeology, New York, Routledge, 2009.
[5] Ruoss,E.; Alfare, L.; Vallone,R.; Richard, L., "GIS as Tool for Cultural
Heritage Management," in Sustainable Tourism as Driving Force for
Cultural Heritage Sites Development, CNR IGAG, 2013, pp. 42-46.
[6] Vileikis, O.; Santana Quintero, M.; Van Balen, K.; Dumont, B.; Tigny, V.,
"Information Management Systems for Cultural Heritage And Conservation
of World Heritage Sites, The Silk Roads Case Study.," [Online].
Available:http://cipa.icomos.org/fileadmin/template/doc/PRAGUE/150.pdf.
[7] Santana-Quintero, Mario ; Addison Alonzo, "Digital tools for heritage
information management and protection: the need of training," Paris, France.
[8] Veronica Heras, et.al., "An Information System for Heritage documantation
management of Cuenca City, Equador," MASKANA, vol. 3, no. 1, 2012.
[9] Wittur, J.; Kromker. S., "Lorsch Abbey and teh London Charter- An
Information Sysytem for a world Heritage Site," in 15th International
Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia, 2009.
[10] Magcale-Macandog, "Developing Information System," in Shifting
Cultivation and Environmental Change: Indigenous People, Agriculture and
Forest, 2015, p. 713.
[11] "Arches," [Online]. Available: http://archesproject.org/what-is-arches/.
Research Engagement and Advocacy Program
Annexes
Photos
Courtesy call with Banaue Mayor Jerry Dalipog Presentation with Banaue Sanguniang Bayan
Meeting with Ifugao Vice Gov Jose Jordan Gullitiw Presentation with DILG Prov. Dir. Rosario B. Dumelod
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Key informant interview
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Basic and Advance QGIS Training proper
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Mapping the terraces using GPS and SW Maps
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Group Meeting and levelling of expectations
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Exit meeting and group presentation together with Mayor Dalipog
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DATA DICTIONARY
Users
FIELD NAME DATA TYPE FIELD
LENGTH RANGE CONSTRAINT DESCRIPTION
Id Integer Auto-increment Not null Counter
user _id Varchar 5 00001-99999 Foreign key ID number for
the system user
username Varchar 15 Not null System user’s
password
user_fname Varchar 30 Not null System user’s
first name
user_mname Varchar 30
Nullable System user’s middle name
user_lname Varchar 30
Not null System user’s
last name
user_email Varchar 100
Not null System user’s
user_joindate Date
Not null Date the system
user was registered
user_status Tinyint 1
1/0 Not null System user’s
status
remember_token Varchar 100
Not null Remember token
for signing in. Laravel’s default.
created_at Timestamp Nullable Date the record
was created; Laravel’s default
updated_at Timestamp Nullable Date the record
was updated; Laravel’s default
Logins
FIELD NAME DATA TYPE FIELD
LENGTH RANGE CONSTRAINT DESCRIPTION
Id Integer Auto-increment Not null Counter
user _id Varchar 5 00001-99999 Foreign key ID number for
the system user
password Varchar 191 Not null System user’s
password
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Owners
FIELD NAME DATA TYPE FIELD
LENGTH RANGE CONSTRAINT DESCRIPTION
Id Integer Auto-increment Not null Counter
owner_id Varchar 10
Year-month-owner count
(Ex., 2017040001)
Primary key ID number for
the terrace owner
owner_fname Varchar 191 Not null Owner’s first
name
owner_mname Varchar 30 Nullable Owner’s middle
name
owner_lname Varchar 30 Not null Owner’s last
name
owner_address Varchar 100 Not null Owner’s address
owner_bday Date Not null Owner’s birthdate
owner_joindate Date Not null Date of owner
registration
created_at Timestamp Nullable Date the record
was created; Laravel’s default
updated_at Timestamp Nullable Date the record
was updated; Laravel’s default
Owner_Terraces
FIELD NAME DATA TYPE FIELD
LENGTH RANGE CONSTRAINT DESCRIPTION
Id Integer Auto-increment Not null Counter
owner_id Varchar 10
Year-month-owner count
(Ex., 2017040001)
Foreign key ID number for
the terrace owner
terrace_id Integer 11 1-
99,999,999,999 Foreign key
Owner’s first name
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Terraces
FIELD NAME DATA TYPE FIELD
LENGTH RANGE CONSTRAINT DESCRIPTION
Id Integer Auto-increment Not null Counter
terrace_id Integer 11 1-
99,999,999,999 Primary key
ID number of terrace
terrace_area Varchar 191 Not null Terrace’s area in square meters
terrace_location Varchar 191 Not null Terrace’s location
Activities Table
FIELD NAME DATA TYPE FIELD
LENGTH RANGE CONSTRAINT DESCRIPTION
Id Integer Auto-increment Not null Counter
activity_id Integer 11 1-
99,999,999,999 Primary key
ID number for the activity type
activity_desc Varchar 191 Not null Description of
the activity
Terrace_Activity_Mains
FIELD NAME DATA TYPE FIELD
LENGTH RANGE CONSTRAINT DESCRIPTION
Id Integer Auto-increment Not null Counter
terrace_id Integer 11 1-
99,999,999,999 Foreign key
ID number of terrace
terrace_activity_id Integer 11 1-
99,999,999,999 Primary key
ID number of terrace’s activity
batch
terrace_activity_main_status
Tinyint 1 1/0 Not null Status of the
terrace’s activity cycle as a whole
terrace_activity_current Tinyint 1 1/0 Not null
Status of the terrace’s activity cycle as a whole. Used to check if
the terrace
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activity cycle is the current
activity ongoing for the specified
terrace.
terrace_activity_date_created
Date Not null
Date the terrace’s activity
cycle was created
created_at Timestamp Nullable Date the record
was created; Laravel’s default
updated_at Timestamp Nullable Date the record
was updated; Laravel’s default
Terrace_Activities
FIELD NAME DATA TYPE FIELD
LENGTH RANGE CONSTRAINT DESCRIPTION
Id Integer Auto-increment Not null Counter
terrace_id Integer 11 1-
99,999,999,999 Foreign key
ID number of terrace
activity_id Integer 11 1-
99,999,999,999 Foreign key
ID number for the activity type
terrace_activity_id Integer 11 1-
99,999,999,999 Foreign key
ID number of terrace’s activity
batch
terrace_activity_date_started
Date Nullable Date the
terrace’s activity started
terrace_activity_date_finished
Date Nullable Date the
terrace’s activity finished
terrace_activity_status Tinyint 1 Not null Status of the
terrace’s activity started
Crops Table
FIELD NAME DATA TYPE FIELD
LENGTH RANGE CONSTRAINT DESCRIPTION
Id Integer Auto-increment Not null Counter
crop_id Integer 11 1-
99,999,999,999 Primary key
ID number for the crop type
Research Engagement and Advocacy Program
crop_desc Varchar 191 Not null
Description of the crop type
(ex., Rice / Other Crops)
Crop_Varieties Table
FIELD NAME DATA TYPE FIELD
LENGTH RANGE CONSTRAINT DESCRIPTION
Id Integer Auto-increment Not null Counter
crop_variety_id Integer 11 1-
99,999,999,999 Primary key
ID number for the crop variety
crop_variety_desc Varchar 191 Not null
Description of the crop variety
(ex., Kamote, Potatoes,
Onions, etc.)
Rice_Varieties Table
FIELD NAME DATA TYPE FIELD
LENGTH RANGE CONSTRAINT DESCRIPTION
Id Integer Auto-increment Not null Counter
rice_variety_id Integer 11 1-
99,999,999,999 Primary key
ID number for the rice variety
rice_variety_desc Varchar 191 Not null
Description of the rice variety (ex., Black rice,
White rice, Brown Rice, etc.)
Terrace_Crops
FIELD NAME DATA TYPE FIELD
LENGTH RANGE CONSTRAINT DESCRIPTION
Id Integer Auto-increment Not null Counter
terrace_id Integer 11 1-
99,999,999,999 Foreign key
ID number of terrace
Research Engagement and Advocacy Program
terrace_activity_id Integer 11 1-
99,999,999,999 Foreign key
ID number of terrace’s activity
batch
terrace_crop_id Integer 11 1-
99,999,999,999 Primary key
ID number for the terrace’s
crop/ Counter
crop_id Varchar 191 Foreign key
ID number for the crop type
(ex., ID number of Rice / Other
Crops)
terrace_crop_variety_id Integer 11 1-
99,999,999,999 Foreign key
ID number for the rice / crop variety planted
Terrace_Plot_Statuses
FIELD NAME DATA TYPE FIELD
LENGTH RANGE CONSTRAINT DESCRIPTION
Id Integer Auto-increment Not null Counter
terrace_plot_status_id Integer 11 1-
99,999,999,999 Primary key
ID number of plot status
terrace_plot_status_desc Varchar 191 Not null
Description of plot status (ex.,
Damaged, Abandoned,
Restored)
Terrace_Statuses
FIELD NAME DATA TYPE FIELD
LENGTH RANGE CONSTRAINT DESCRIPTION
Id Integer Auto-increment Not null Counter
terrace_id Integer 11 1-
99,999,999,999 Foreign key
ID number of terrace
terrace_plot_status_id Integer 11 1-
99,999,999,999 Foreign key
ID number of plot status
terrace_plot_status_update
Date Not null Date the plot
status was updated
Research Engagement and Advocacy Program
terrace_status_state Tinyint 1/0 Not null
State record for the terrace’s
status. Will be updated when
the status (Restored,
Damaged, and Abandoned) of the terrace was
changed.
created_at Timestamp Nullable Date the record
was created; Laravel’s default
updated_at Timestamp Nullable Date the record
was updated; Laravel’s default