geostar, sn-1, orion-geostar-3: deep-sea …

VLV ?T Workshop "Technical Aspects of a Very Large Volume Neutrino Telescope in the Mediterranean Sea“ October 5-8, 2003NIKHEF, Amsterdam

GEOSTAR, SN-1,

ORION-GEOSTAR-3:

Deep-sea multidisciplinary observation systems managed from

the sea surface

Massimo Calcara, Laura Beranzoli, Paolo Favali,

Francesco Gasparoni and Hans Gerber


• Since 1995, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) has been running a scientific and technological programme for the development and operationof deep-sea observation systems for geophysics,oceanography and environmental sciences.

• The programme has been initially funded by the EuropeanCommission (EC) within the 4th and 5th Framework Programme through the GEOSTAR and GEOSTAR-2projects.

• Italian national funds from the National Programme for theResearch in Antarctica and the National Group for theDefence against Earthquakes supports projects to deriveother systems from the previous EC projects for specific applications.


INGV and the Projects on Seafloor Observatories

European ProjectsCo-ordinator: 4 FP - GEOSTAR (1995-1998)

5 FP - GEOSTAR 2 (1999-2001) - ORION-GEOSTAR 3 (2002-2005)

Participant: 5 FP - ASSEM (2002-2004)- ESONET (2003-2004)

National ProjectsCo-ordinator: SN-1 (2000-2003) in GNDT - National Group

for the Defence against EarthquakesMABEL (2000-2003) PNRA - National Programme for Researches in Antarctica


Eight years of Projects

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

GEOSTARGEOSTAR 2

EC projects

National projects

SN-1

ORION-GEOSTAR 3

MABEL

ESONET


The GEOSTAR concept


GEOSTAR system


MODUSsubmarine vehicle for GEOSTAR

deployment/recovery


GEOSTAR Communication Systems

Surface buoy:near real-timeacoustic and satellite link Messengers:

floating data capsules


GEOSTAR systemBottom station• Weight: 3000 kg in air (1500 kg in water)• Dimensions: 3.5 m x 3.5 m x 2,9 m• Power : 11 W• HD capacity: 2.1 Gbyte x 2 (+ 48Mbyte on flash cards)• Batteries: 2700 Ah, 24 V

MODUS• Weight: 1000 kg in air ( 800 kg in water)• Dimensions: 2.37 m (Ø) x 1.8 m• Power: 25 kW• Thrusters: 2 vertical, 4 horizontal (700 kN each)

Buoy• Weight: 3500 kg• Dimensions: 5 m3


GEOSTAR systemAcoustic Transmission System• Power: 80 mA @ 24 V (Rec.), 3 A @ 24 V (Trans.)• Max Rate: 2400 bps

Messengers: • Expendable capacity: 64 kbyte• Storage: capacity 40 Mbyte• Height: 1,30 m

NRTCS• Satellite sys. INMARSAT

Rate: 2400 bpsPower: 20 W (Rec.), 40 W (Trans.)

• Radio Transmission: VHF


Data Acquisition and Control System (DACS)

DACS manages the whole observatory and is based on

• 2 Data Acquisition Units (switch on/off, communication with sensors, generation of data structures, storage of data on HDs);

• 1 Mission and Power Control Unit (management of the communication with the sea surface, data storage on Messengers, activation of special devices for sensors and acquisition of the seismometer clock signal)

Unique time reference for all the sensors: seismometer clock


§ Medium size vessel equipped with A-frame or crane; § dGPS on board;§ Electro-optical cable (3 optic fibres + 2

conductors; 1800 kg/km in water) and winch (National funds to INGV)

Logistics for seafloor observatories


GEOSTAR 1 (1995-1998)

Adriatic Sea 1998Demo mission

(20 days, 42 m w.d.)

GEOSTAR 2 (1999-2001)

Tyrrhenian Sea 2000-01

(7 months, 2000 m w.d.)

SN-1 (2000-2003)

Ionian Sea 2002-03 (7 months, 2105 m w.d.)

The sea-floor observatory missions


GEOSTAR 1

GEOSTAR 2

SN-1

Daily dialogue via internet between INGV

and GEOSTAR 2

INGV



GEOSTAR 1 (1995-1998)

Adriatic Sea 1998 (20 days, 42 m w.d.)

GEOSTAR 2 (1999-2001)

Tyrrhenian Sea 2000-01 (7 months, 2000 m w.d.)

SN-1 (2000-2003)

Ionian Sea 2002-03 (7 months, 2105 m w.d.)


Seismometer

Scalar andvectorial

magnetometers

ADCP

CTD

Transmissometer

Seismometer

S and Vmagnetometers

ADCP and CTD

Transmissometer

Currentmeter

Gravity meter

Hydrophone

Water sampler

Seismometer

CTD

Gravity meter

Hydrophone

Currentmeter


GEOSTAR 2 - Geophysical data

HydrophoneGravity meter

Magnetometers

0 120 240 360 480 600 720 840 960 1080 1200 1320 1440Time (minutes from Midnight, UT)

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

0

10

L'A

quila

Ob

s. (n

T)

-40

-20

0

20

Geo

star

(nT

)

NORTH MAGNETIC FIELD COMPONENT (X) - Oct. 15, 2000


20

40

60

80

100

120

140

L'A

quila

Ob

s. (n

T)

-40

-20

0

20

40

Geo

star

(nT

)

EAST MAGNETIC FIELD COMPONENT (Y) - Oc t. 15, 2000


20

30

40

50

60

70

L'A

quila

Ob

s. (n

T)

-30

-20

-10

0

10

20

Geo

star

(nT

)

VERTICAL MAGNETIC FIELD COMPONENT (Z) - Oct. 15, 2000


Potential temperature

SCAN

PO

TT

12.95

13.05

13.15

13.25

13.35

13.45

13.55

0 1000 2000 3000 4000

Water turbidity (light transmission)

SCAN

X

86

88

90

92

94

96

98

100

102

104

0 1000 2000 3000 4000

Pressure

SCAN

P

1906.8

1906.9

1907.0

1907.1

1907.2

1907.3

1907.4

1907.5

1907.6

1907.7

0 1000 2000 3000 4000

Pressure

SCAN

P

1906.8

1906.9

1907.0

1907.1

1907.2

1907.3

1907.4

1907.5

1907.6

1907.7

0 24 48 72 96 120 144 168 192

Density

SCAN

D

1037.336

1037.340

1037.343

1037.350

1037.350

1037.356

0 1000 2000 3000 4000

Salinity

SCAN

S

38.48

38.50

38.52

38.54

38.56

38.58

38.60

38.62

38.64

0 1000 2000 3000 4000

1 4

2

6

64

1 23 4 567

3 5

PotentialTemp.

Density

Pressure

Pressure

Salinity

GEOSTAR 2 Oceanographic and geochemical data

1.5

1.0

34

-6H

e/H

e (x

10)

0.5

radiogenic

bottom water(lower T and S)

upper water(T and S peaks)

air

mantle

0.2He/Ne

0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

0

1

2

3

4

5

26/0

9/00

01/1

0/00

31/1

0/00

10/1

1/00

20/1

1/00

30/1

1/00

10/1

2/00

20/1

2/00

30/1

2/00

09/0

1/01

19/0

1/01

29/0

1/01

08/0

2/01

18/0

2/01

28/0

2/01

10/0

3/01

20/0

3/01

30/0

3/01

09/0

4/01

19/0

4/01

He (ppm)

R/R

a

atmosphere

2 3 4 5 6


SN-1: Submarine Network 1

§ Based on GEOSTAR concept (use of MODUS)§ Acoustics for periodic

checks


NEMO pilot experiment

LABORATORY

UNDERWATERSTATION

CONFIGURATION OF THE PILOT EXPERIMENT ARRAY

EO Cable:•Length – 25 km•10 Optics Fiber ITU- T G-652 (6 used)•6 Electrical Conductors Φ 4 mm2 (4 used)

Catania, Eastern Sicily


Underwater Laboratory: NEMO and SN-1

2.330 m duoble shield cable

20.595 m single shield cable

Joint BU

SN-1 5.220 m

NEMO5.000 m

Nemo Pilot Nemo Pilot experimentexperiment

SNSN--11

Joint

Joint

INFN LaboratoryINFN Laboratory


MABEL Project2001-2002 Mission in Weddel Sea

(INGV – AWI)

•Site characterisation

•Tests on chemical package

•Vertical profiles with CTD

T versus depth

-3000

-2500

-2000

-1500

-1000

-500

0-2.00 -1.00 0.00 1.00

Basin tests with simulated polar

conditions. HSVA (Hamburgische

Schiffbau Versuch Anstalt)


Satellite Node(host)

Gateway Station

SatelliteLink

Acoustic Links

Sea floor

On-shore Networks (Internet)BUOY

Sea surface

Satellite Node(host)

ORION-GEOSTAR 3Ocean Research by Integrated Observatory Network

§ Networking.§ GEOSTAR is the gateway station§ satellites with the most demanding

sensors (seismometers)

c

6-8 month experime-nt NW of Marsili volcanic seamount at 3260 m w.d.


ORION STRUCTURE

Satellite

PC

Seafloor stations communicate by horizontalacoustic links and transmit data to onshore stations, through a moored buoy, via acoustic, satellite and radio links.

Main node

Buoy

On-shore station

Ship ofopportunity

Satellite

Satellite


MISSION AT MARSILI SEAMOUNT

Marsili volcano

Sicily

ORION site

Depth: 3400 m b.s.l.

Planned mission: >6 months from November

2003

Sout

hern

Italy


COMPARISON BETWEEN FRAMESORION Node 1 ORION Node 3

(GEOSTAR upgraded)


www.ingv.it/geostar

GEOSTAR and SN-1 movies available upon

request

Main references:

Phys. Earth Plan.Int., 108, 175-183, 1998

EOS, 81, 5, 45 and 48, 2000

Developments in Marine Technology Series, 12, 268pp. Elsevier, 2002

Earth Planets Space, 55, 361–373, 2003

geostar, sn-1, orion-geostar-3: deep-sea …

Documents