geothermal eia and efforts toward coexistence with...
TRANSCRIPT
Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
Geothermal EIA and Efforts Toward Coexistence with Stakeholders in Japan
Environmental Chemistry Sector
JOGMEC – GNS Geothermal Workshop 201720th Nov, 2017, Taupo, NZ
Dr. Hiromi [email protected]
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Outline
About EIA - Outline, procedure etc. -
New Rule - Within natural parks -
Case Study - Coexistence with local stakeholders -
Summary - Future Challenges -
GeothermalEnergy Bottlenecks
Policy Support
Local Acceptance
Regulation in Natural Parks
Cost and Lead Time
< Incentives by METI, JOGMEC, & NEDO >
Subsidy for promoting understanding and compensation
Loan guaranteesCapital injection EIAspeed up
Subsidy for surveyand drilling
R & D subsidies
2 years 3-4 years3 years 3-4 years
Surface survey Exploration EIA Well
drillingConstructionLocal
consentDecision-making
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Low Progress Rate to Each Development Phase
FIT
Project delay and suspension risks
> 1 years
Drilling survey
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Stage of Primary Environmental Impact Consideration
Japan:Complex layers of developmental regulationsNZ:Streamlined and integrated legal system for resource management by RMA
Exploration EIA Welldrilling
ConstructionLocal consent
Early Planning StageFramework
Planning Stage of the Project
Detailed Planning Stage of
the Project
Project Implementation
Drilling permission
Hot springs monitoring (before and after drilling, during the operation)
Drilling permission
Policy Making Stage
SEA EIA
Japan
NZNational &
Regional Policy Statement /
Regional Plan
Surface survey
Drilling survey
RMA
A best practice process is required for the development in national parks
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EIA in Japan
Ref: MOE, https://www.env.go.jp/en/policy/assess/pamph.pdf
Ref: MOE, https://www.env.go.jp/en/focus/docs/files/20120501-04.pdf
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Comparison of Geothermal Development Scales
Power PlantScale
Small (dozens to hundreds kW) Medium (thousands kW) Large (tens of thousands kW)
EIA and otherrules
・Regulation by local government ・Regulation by local government・EIA law: ≧(7500-)10,000 kW
Geothermal Power Operators
・Hot spring owner・Local government・Renewable energy company
・Large company (ex. oil/gas/mining/electric power etc.)
・Renewable energy company
Bottlenecks ・Development cost・Conditions of hot springs・Connection with power grids
・Development cost and risk・Local acceptance・Connection with power grids
Coexistence FIT, geothermal direct use Mutual understanding
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The Range of Environmental Factors Subject to EIA
Ref: METI, http://www.enecho.meti.go.jp/category/resources_and_fuel/geothermal/explanation/mechanism/plant/japan/007/
Air (H2S, NOx, GHG, etc.)Noise, VibrationWater (river, groundwater, hot springs etc.)Soil, geography, geologyWasteFlora, Fauna, EcosystemLandscape etc.
Ref: JOGMEC website
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EIA procedure detail in Japan
Ref: MOE, http://www.aecen.org/sites/default/files/5_overview_of_the_eia_implementation_in_japan_.pdf
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Streamlining EIA Procedures: Target of Streamlining
Ref: MOE, 2014: http://www.aecen.org/sites/default/files/5_overview_of_the_eia_implementation_in_japan_.pdf
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EIA Shorten Methodology Ex. : “A Numerical Model”
The numerical model predicting atmospheric dispersion of H2S emitted from geothermal power plants can be applicable for the EIA as an alternative to wind tunnel experiments.
Ref: http://criepi.denken.or.jp/research/news/pdf/den482.pdf
Cut the lead time and the cost in halfRef: Sato,2014, http://geothermal.jogmec.go.jp/report/file/13.pdf
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Deregulation Status for Geothermal Development
Ref: MOE website and https://www.asiabiomass.jp/english/topics/1511_01.html
MOE established the Review Committee for Facilitating the Creation of Best Practices related to Geothermal Development in National and Quasi-National Parks and began investigating this in March 2015.
Outside national parks
Inside national parks
Land classification for national/ quasi-national parks
Geothermal potential (MW)
Oct. 2015 deregulation
Special protection zones 7,000(30%)
☓
Class 1 special zones 2,600(11%)
△(due to directional drilling)
Class 2 and 3 special zones 7,700(33%)
〇(fulfil the best practice conditions)
Ordinary zones 1,100(5%)
〇
Notes 5,000 MW (21%):Outside national parks
Lifting of the height restrictions on buildings housing power generating equipment
Ref: http://www.mmc.co.jp/corporate/ja/csr/special/geo.html
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Landscape Methodology Ex. : An Aesthetic Design Facility
Ref: http://www8.cao.go.jp/kisei-kaikaku/kaigi/meeting/2013/wg3/toushi/150424/item3-1.pdf
A mountain lodge-style facility Ecological Landscape
Ref: JOGMEC website
An Ecological Landscape Method is a tool for consensus building with stakeholders.It makes the most of local environments and helping to preserve and create environments that are specific to the sites.
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Subsidy for Promoting Understanding of Geothermal Development
METI FY 2013-2016 FY 2017 FY 2018
Objective Subsidy to support local projects for promoting understanding of geothermal development (METI → Local government, private association etc. )
Subsidy rate 10/10: All projects(1 million-180 million Yen)
10/10: Workshop, Seminar, excursion etc. (≧100kW)2/3: Facilities for geothermal use (≧5000kW)1/2: Facilities for geothermal use (100kW~5000kW)
Compensation 10/10: Hot spring well drilling fee is compensated when hot spring discharge extremely decrease. (FY 2016~:≧5000kW)
Goal 30%: The progress rate to exploratory or construction phase (the number/year)
Ref: http://www.town.yakumo.lg.jp/modules/sangyou/content0008.html
Ref: http://www.nanao-cci.or.jp/p774.html Ref: https://new-energy-guide.jp/activity-example/38
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Ref.:Matsuzaki town HP: http://www.matsuzaki-chinetsu.com/
local municipals
Residents
Developers
Experts(university)
Qualitative Effects
- Better understanding(geothermal power, hot springs, local energy resources)
- Mutual understanding among stakeholders- Awareness of residents’ needs
→ Promoting the regional activation by the direct use of geothermal energy
Secondary Successful Effects
Ex. 1 : Tsuchiyu Hot Springs in the Bandai Asahi National Park
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The binary geothermal power plant (Ormat): FIT (Nov. 2015-, 400kW → 440kW) The private company by local hot spring owners developed geothermal and hydro power plant.The total project cost of the plant was 700 million yen.The company received a subsidy of 100 million yen from METI and received a loan guarantee on the remaining 600 million yen from JOGMEC.They also received METI subsidies for seminar, excursion, aquafarming, and snow melting facilities.
Ref: Genki Up Tsuchiyu Company
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Ex. 2 : Obama Hot Springs in Nagasaki Prefecture
The binary geothermal power plant system (Kobelco): FIT (Sep. 2015-, 125kW)MOE Project (FY 2011-2013) → A Private Company (June 2014 -)Local stakeholders and Nagasaki University have supported this project.They received METI subsidies for seminar, excursion, feasibility study for business etc.
Large scale geothermal development plans had been canceled by low local acceptance.→ The small scale power plant was developed.
Ref: http://www.koyoelec.com/
Ref: https://ja-jp.facebook.com/obamaonsenenergy
12/25/2013
Wire Android“Scale-ton”6/23/2013
7/8/2013
8/5/201310/1/2013
10/30/201311/30/2013
9/2/2013
1/17/201417
Growing Record of "Scale-ton" by Bathing in Hot Spring
http://www.isep.or.jp/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/140928Sando.pdf
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The Ripple Effects of Obama Hot Springs Area
Ø Rising media coverage of the projectØ 2,547 visitors participated the facility tours from April 2013 to March
2014.Ø The number of visitors of nearby a foot bath facility increased of more
than 50,000 over the previous year.・Contribution of regional promotion and sightseeing tour・The community are planning to increase the number of the multipurpose direct utilizations for the town development Ref: MOE report (2014)
Ref: https://www.travel.co.jp/guide/article/23551/
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Trust building&
Mutual understanding
Local Acceptance
<High>Direct use of hot springs (commercially viable
operation)
<Low>
<Low>
Geothermal Potential<High>
Local Acceptance Issues to Be Solved
The optimization and reaction according to the local situation are needed to be solved and to minimize business risk.
Policy SupportZoning & Coexistent
Hot springs
Powerplants
Ref: Kubota and Maruyama (2016) CRIEPI report
Success Cases : High Potential + High Local Acceptance
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Area PastDevelopment
YuzawaCity ・28.8 MW ・42 MW (under construction)
・some sites (large) ・Local government・Past experiences
and success・Local cooperation・FIT
KokonoeTown
・112 MW・27.5 MW・12.5 MW・0.99 MW
・5 MW・some sites (small)
Contribution to energy mix + Local development = Benefit maximization derived from geothermal energy
Ref: Kubota (2016) EPRC6
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Outreach Activities: METI and JOGMEC【For local governments】・ Liaison meeting (METI)・ Geothermal resource development advisory committee (JOGMEC)【for local residents】・ Renewable- Energy Concierge (METI)
(Consulting services and commercialization support services)【for public】・ E-mail newsletter service (METI) ・ Events (symposium, lecture, exhibition, education etc.) (METI & JOGMEC) ・ Video, brochure, miniature model for demonstration etc. (JOGMEC)
Ref: JOGMEC website
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Mutual Understanding and Create a Vision
Technology & Environmental Data
Economic Effects & Business Risks
Local Needs
Assessment ResultsSafety Management
Concern, Anxiety & ComplaintQuestion & Constructive Advice
Employmentlocal Consumption & Production
Continuous Information SharingRegional Activation
Landscape, Environment
UndergroundEnvironment
Developers Local Residents
Local Government
Experts
A shared visionFor the local community