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![Page 1: Geothermal Energy Use in Germany - geotis.info · Geothermal Energy Use in Germany . World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015 . NEAR-SURFACE GEOTHERMAL](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042322/5f0be55e7e708231d432bfe7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Geothermal Energy Use in Germany
Josef Weber1, Britta Ganz1, Ruediger Schellschmidt1, Burkhard Sanner2 and Ruediger Schulz1
1Leibniz Institute for Applied Geophysics (LIAG) Stilleweg 2, D-30655 Hannover, Germany
2Wacholderbusch 11, D-35398 Giessen, Germany
World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015 Paper # 01045
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Geothermal Energy Use in Germany
World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015
NEAR-SURFACE GEOTHERMAL ENERGY (max. 400 m) 10 - 20°C
Heating (requires heat pump) Cooling
HYDROGEOTHERMAL ENERGY Deep Aquifers
20 - 150°C District Heating Power Generation (>100°C)
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Borehole heat exchangers
World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015
Market share ca. 80 %
Drilling depth ca. 40-150 m
Source temperature ca. 10-13 °C
Closed system for (almost) every subsurface
High standards of material
Different designs and working mediums
©LBEG
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Ground heat collectors
World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015
Market share ca. 15 %
Different designs (horizontal heat
exchanger, baskets, spirals, etc.)
Solar radiation required
Heat withdrawal may delay plant
growth
©LBEG
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Groundwater heat pumps
World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015
Market share ca. 5 %
Direct heat use from groundwater
High heat capacity of water much usable
energy (e.g. single family home: well
performance ca. 1.5 m3/h)
Restriction 1: water quantity
Restriction 2: water quality
©LBEG
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Ground source heat pumps
World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015
9250
13250
26810
34450
31890
24400
28600
7350
21100
24500
22000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
num
ber o
f GSP
H so
ld a
nnua
lly in
Ger
man
y
brine/water(ground)
water/water(water)
after data from BWP 2014
Number of heat pumps (2013): 286,000 Total installed capacity: 3,450 MWt Pure geothermal contribution: 2,590 MWt Annual production: 4,500 GWh
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World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015
- High cost for drilling
- Lower cost for installation of air source units
- Complicated approval practices
- Price of electricity for heat pumps (HP) is 4.4 times higher than natural gas
Electricity price/Gas price
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Geothermal Energy Use in Germany
World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015
NEAR-SURFACE GEOTHERMAL ENERGY (max. 400 m) 10 - 20°C
Heating (requires heat pump) Cooling
HYDROGEOTHERMAL ENERGY Deep Aquifers
20 - 150°C District Heating Power Generation (>100°C)
![Page 9: Geothermal Energy Use in Germany - geotis.info · Geothermal Energy Use in Germany . World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015 . NEAR-SURFACE GEOTHERMAL](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022042322/5f0be55e7e708231d432bfe7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Hydrothermal Energy
World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015
North German Basin: - Upper Rotliegend (Upper Permian) sandstone aquifer
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Hydrothermal Energy
World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015
North German Basin: - Upper Rotliegend (Upper Permian) sandstone aquifer Upper Rhine Graben: - Upper Muschelkalk and Buntsandstein (Middle and Early Triassic)
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Hydrothermal Energy
World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015
North German Basin: - Upper Rotliegend (Upper Permian) sandstone aquifer Upper Rhine Graben: - Upper Muschelkalk and Buntsandstein (Middle and Early Triassic) South German Molasse Basin: - Malmkarst (Upper Jurassic)
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Hydrothermal Energy – Geothermal Heat
World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015
District heating status 2014: 19 installations Installed capacity: 209.9 MWt Energy produced: 501.4 GWh/a
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Hydrothermal Energy – Geothermal Heat
World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015
Unterföhring I: Max. flow rate: 75 l/s Temperature (wellhead): 86 °C Installed capacity: 10 MWt Annual production: 34 GWh Depth: 1,986 m
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Hydrothermal Energy – Geothermal Heat
World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015
Unterföhring I: Max. flow rate: 75 l/s Temperature (wellhead): 86 °C Installed capacity: 10 MWt Annual production: 34 GWh Depth: 1,986 m Unterföhring II (under construction): Max. flow rate: approximately 90 l/s Temperature (reservoir): 93 °C Depth: 2,341 m
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Geothermal Heat – Summary (end of 2014)
• District heating: 209.9 MWt, 501.4 GWh (9 %) • Thermal Spas: 48.3 MWt, 400.0 GWh (7 %) • Space heating: 3.4 MWt, 7.4 GWh (0.1 %) • Heat pumps: 2,590/3,450 MWt, 4,500 GWh (83 %) • Total: 2,851.6 MWt, 5,408.8 GWh
(19,471.7 TJ)
World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015
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Hydrothermal Energy – Geothermal Power
World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015
Power generation status 2014: 8 installations (incl. 2 CHP) Installed capacity: 34.4 MWe Energy produced: 89.8 GWh/a
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Hydrothermal Energy – Geothermal Power
World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015
Dürrnhaar: Max. flow rate: 110 l/s Temperature (wellhead): 135 °C Installed capacity: 7 MWe Annual production: 7 GWh Depth: 3,926 m
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Hydrothermal Energy – Geothermal Power
World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015
Dürrnhaar: Max. flow rate: 110 l/s Temperature (wellhead): 135 °C Installed capacity: 7 MWe Annual production: 7 GWh Depth: 3,926 m Kirchstockach: Max. flow rate: 130 l/s Temperature (wellhead): 134 °C Installed capacity: 7 MWe Annual production: 15 GWh Depth: 3,882 m
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Hydrothermal Energy – Geothermal Power
World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015
Sauerlach: Flow rate: 110 l/s Temperature (wellhead): 140 °C Installed capacity: 5 MWe Annual production: 27.6 GWh Depth: 3,926 m
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Renewable Energy Sources Act
World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015
A first revised edition of the Renewable Energy Sources Act came into force in August 2004. The payment rates for the feed-in allowance increased from 8.9 to 15 €-Ct/kWh for electricity produced from geothermal energy. New provisions valid from January 2009 (basic tariff and bonuses for a plant capacity < 10 MW): - Electrical power basic tariff: 16 €-cents/kWh - Plants starting up until 2015: 4 €-cents/kWh - Power heat coupling: 3 €-cents/kWh - Petrothermal techniques (EGS): 4 €-cents/kWh - maximum feed-in tariff: 27 €-cents/kWh An amendment of the EEG with improved conditions for geothermal energy has come into effect on 1st January 2012: -The subsidy for geothermal electricity has been increased to 25€-cents/kWh with an additional 5 €-cents/kWh for the use of petrothermal techniques.
A revision of the EEG in the summer of 2014 abolished the petrothermal bonus, and deteriorated the economic boundaries for selling electricity.
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Share of renewable energies in gross electricity consumption in Germany
World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015
Goal: Increase share of renewable energies in gross electricity consumption to 25 to 30 % until 2020.
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Share of renewable energies in final energy consumption for heat in Germany
World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015
Goal: Increase share of renewable energies in final energy consumption for heat to 14 % until 2020.
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Final energy consumption
World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015
37%
2% 3% 29%
5%
22%
2% mechanical energy
information and communications technology
electric lighting
district and space heating
hot water
process heat
cooling
Final energy consumption (2012): 8,998 PJ Heat consumption: 56 % Power consumption: 44 %
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Thank you for your attention.
World Geothermal Congress Melbourne, Australia, 19 – 24 April 2015