geothermal resources for power generation and development ... · geothermal resources for power...

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GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY Orhan Mertoğlu President, Turkish Geothermal Association IGAInternational Geothermal Association Former Vice President (20032007) IGA European Regional Branch Former Chairman (2007 – 2010) EGECEuropean Geothe rmal Energy Council Former Vice President (20012004) T.R. Prime Ministry State Planning Organisation 9th Development Plan (20072013) Chairman of geothermal working group President of ORME Jeotermal Inc., VicePresident of Jeotermal Arastirma ve Tesisler Inc. 20 December 2011, AthensGreece Hoşdere Caddesi 190/11, Çankaya-Ankara Tel: 312-440 57 11 Fax: 312-440 57 38 TURKISH GEOTHERMAL ASSOCIATION Hoşdere cad. 190/12, 06550 Çankaya/Ankara Tel: +903124404319 Fax: +903124386867 Email: [email protected]

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Page 1: GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ... · GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY. Orhan Merto. ğ. lu President, Turkish Geothermal

GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES  FOR POWER GENERATION  AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY

Orhan MertoğluPresident, Turkish Geothermal Association

IGA‐International Geothermal Association Former Vice President (2003‐2007)

IGA European Regional Branch Former Chairman (2007 –

2010)

EGEC‐European Geothe

rmal Energy Council Former Vice President (2001‐2004)

T.R. Prime Ministry State Planning Organisation 9th Development Plan (2007‐2013) 

Chairman of geothermal working group 

President of ORME Jeotermal Inc., Vice‐President of Jeotermal Arastirma ve Tesisler Inc.

20 December 2011, Athens‐Greece

Hoşdere Caddesi 190/11, Çankaya-AnkaraTel: 312-440 57 11 Fax: 312-440 57 38

TURKISH GEOTHERMAL ASSOCIATIONHoşdere cad. 190/12, 06550 Çankaya/AnkaraTel: +90‐312‐4404319    Fax: +90‐312‐4386867E‐mail: [email protected]

Page 2: GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ... · GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY. Orhan Merto. ğ. lu President, Turkish Geothermal

The geothermal  resources are 

covering only 5  % of the total 

geographically  area of the 

world. It is called  as “Ring of Fire”

by the  geothermalist. 

Turkey is located on this ring of fire. Therefore, Turkey is a lucky country in  terms of the abundance of its geothermal resources. 

(Ring of Fire)

Geothermal in the World ….

Page 3: GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ... · GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY. Orhan Merto. ğ. lu President, Turkish Geothermal

The first 5 countries in Geothermal non‐electric (Direct use)  Applications (according to 2010 World Geothermal Congress  figures)

Country Capacity

(MWt)

Use

(Tj/year)

Use

(GWh/year)

Capacity

Factor

USA 7817,4 31239,0 8678,2 0,13

SWEDEN 3840 36000 10000,8 0,30

CHINA 3687,0 45373,0 12604,6 0,39

ICELAND 1791,0 23813,0 6615,3 0,42

TURKEY 1385 23000,0 6143,0 0,53

Page 4: GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ... · GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY. Orhan Merto. ğ. lu President, Turkish Geothermal

Top five countries (total) 

Top five countries (increase)

GEOTHERMAL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION IN THE WORLD; 

Reference: Bertani, R., 2010

Page 5: GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ... · GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY. Orhan Merto. ğ. lu President, Turkish Geothermal

Total installed geothermal electricity in 2010 worldwide 10,7 GW

Aproximatelly 500 MWe is added annualy.

(Bertani, R., World Geothermal Congress 2010)

Page 6: GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ... · GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY. Orhan Merto. ğ. lu President, Turkish Geothermal

CURRENT GEOTHERMAL SITUATION IN TURKEY (August 2011)

UTILIZATION TYPE CAPACITY

GEOTHERMAL DISTRICT HEATING

(CITY, RESIDENCE, THERMAL FACILITIES, GREENHOUSES)

201.000 RESIDENCES EQUIVALANCE(1494 MWt)

THERMAL FACILITIES (Balneological Use)

260 THERMAL FACILITIES (552 MWt)(12 MILLION VISITORS ANNUALLY)

GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS 38 MWt

TOTAL DIRECT UTILIZATION 2084 MWt

Page 7: GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ... · GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY. Orhan Merto. ğ. lu President, Turkish Geothermal

92,3 MWeTOTAL GEOTHERMAL

ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION

PRODUCTION OF CARBONDIOXIDE 160.000 tonnes/year

Page 8: GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ... · GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY. Orhan Merto. ğ. lu President, Turkish Geothermal

1) 15/20

MWe is operational in Denizli – Kızıldere Geothermal field

(252 °C), Zorlu 

Energy Co. is going to develop this plant with additional 60 MWe

2) 47,4 MWe, Germencik Geothermal Power Plant is running by Gürmat since April 2009 

(242 °C). 

3) In Aydın‐Salavatlı

(Dora‐1), 7,5 MWe capacity Binary Cycle Power Plant is running 

since March 2006 (167 °C). Second unit (Dora‐2) of 8,5 MWe is already operational.

4) In Çanakkale‐Tuzla 7,5 MWe capacity Geothermal power Plant is operational since 

January 2010 (175 °C), EGENDA

Geothermal Electricity Production Status in Turkey

Page 9: GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ... · GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY. Orhan Merto. ğ. lu President, Turkish Geothermal

Geothermal Power Developing and Commissioning/Construction Stage

Geothermal Fields (Company name) MWe (Global Estimation)

1.Saraykoy (Zorlu)

602.Germencik II (Burç)

60

3.Pamukoren (Çelikler)

454.Sultanhisar (Çelikler)

25

5.Atca

(Maren)

406.Seferihisar (Izmir Jeotermal Inc.)

10

7.Simav (Municipality)

108.Nazilli (Erdem)

25

9.Hidirbeyli (Karadeniz‐Kartet)

2510.Tuzla (Egenda)

7,5

11. Aydin‐Buharkent (Limak)

1512. Aydin‐Yilmazkoy (Kiper Maren Maraş) 3013. Kütahya‐Şaphane (Orya‐Ümran)

25 (50)

14. Manisa Kavaklıdere (Ramsey)

5015. Manisa – Alaşehir (Zorlu)

30

16. Sarayköy (Değirmenci)

2,217. Aydın Kalfaköy (Kiper)

25

TOTAL

~ 484,7

Page 10: GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ... · GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY. Orhan Merto. ğ. lu President, Turkish Geothermal

The geothermal fields suitable for electricity production commisioned by 

MTA starting in 2009 have been transferred to investors by bidding as 

6,6 Million USD (Buharkent)  – 109 Million USD (Germencik II) selling 

price range. Geothermal field rights are transferrred for 30 years + 10 Years 

+ 10 Years  period and 1‐2 wells are included.

The geothermal electricity production base load, total availability factor

has been reached 0,98 with Turkish experience at Germencik I (GÜRMAT).

Page 11: GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ... · GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY. Orhan Merto. ğ. lu President, Turkish Geothermal

FAN-COİL

TG

~150°C

MINERAL RECOVERY

(FROM GEOTHERMAL WATER)

LITHIUM BROMIDE 

ABSORBTION MACHINE 

FOR COOLING

DRY ICE AND

CO2

PRODUCTION

CONDENSER

HEAT EXCHANGER

HEAT EXCHANGER

HEAT EXCHANGER

GEOTHERMAL PRODUCTION WELL

GREENHOUSE

REINJECTION WELL Designed by: Orhan MERTOĞLU

November 2011

FISH FARMING

THERMAL FACILITIES

GEOTHERMAL CASCADE USAGECITY HEATING/COOLING

TANK

HEAT EXCHANGER

DFLOWRATE CONTROL VALVE

DOMESTIC HOT WATER SUPPLY

CITY WATER

HOUSE

YDISCHARGE

HEATING/COOLING

RANKINE CYCLE ELECTRICITY 

GENERATION

“BINARY”

CYCLE

ELECTROLYSİS

HYDROGENE (H2)

THERMAL CURING (GEOTHERMAL SPA) 

CENTER

CARBONDIOXIDE 

FERTILIZER

Page 12: GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ... · GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY. Orhan Merto. ğ. lu President, Turkish Geothermal

2015 GEOTHERMAL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION TARGET

550 MWe  (4 Billion

kWh/year)

(according to 10,5 US$/kWh incentive

feed‐in tariff)

TOTAL GEOTHERMAL ELECTRICITY   TECHNICAL ANDECONOMICAL POTENTIAL OF TURKEY

2000 MWe  (16 Billion

kWh/year) (by receiving suitable

incentives‐feed‐in

tariff

like 15 US$Cent/kWh)

THEORETICAL GEOTHERMAL ELECTRICITY  POTENTIAL OF TURKEY

4500 MWe (32 Billion kWh/year) (Reference: Prof. Simsek and

Turkish Geothermal Association)

TURKEY’S GEOTHERMAL POTENTIALS (HYDROTHERMAL, 3 km); 

TOTAL GEOTHERMAL THEORETICAL HEAT  POTENTIAL : 31.500 MWt (Acc. to SPO)

According to new approach from Universities, MTA’s and some geothermalists 28.000 –

72.000 MWt has been estimated for the geothermal theoretical  heat potential of Turkey .

Page 13: GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ... · GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY. Orhan Merto. ğ. lu President, Turkish Geothermal

According to Prof. Ernst Huenges from GFZ–GeoForschungsZentrum, the  estimated geothermal potential of Turkey is as the following (3 km);

Geothermal heat   ~ 28 000 + 9000 MWt

Geothermal electricity  

~ 2 000 

+ 1600 MWe

’dır.

The European geothermal goals for the year 2020 announced by EGEC ‐ European Geothermal Energy Council are as the following:

Geothermal heat  37.000 MWt

Geothermal electricity

6000 MWe

Page 14: GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ... · GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY. Orhan Merto. ğ. lu President, Turkish Geothermal

According to the new Law on Utilization  of Renewable Energy Resources for generating electricity (Law No: 6094, date ratified: 29.12.2010);

The applied incentive for geothermal electricity production is 10,5 UScent/kWhAdditionaly for the below shown  equipments  2,7 US$cent/kWh incentive has been achieved.

ejector

Page 15: GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ... · GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY. Orhan Merto. ğ. lu President, Turkish Geothermal

Geothermal Policy Update in Germany

According to the amendment of the Renewable Electricity Law in Germany (Feed‐in Tariff), the new tariff for geothermal power is given in §

28:

‐ 25 EuroCent/kWh for all geothermal power (no further limitation)‐ 5 EuroCent/kWh additional price for EGS (after German Petrothermal definition)

The new values shall take effect from 1 January 2012.

By taking into account the above example for Germany, we advice that the 

geothermal electricity incentive in Turkey shall be minimum the half of the 

Germany figure which would be minimum 15 US$cent/kWh.  

Page 16: GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ... · GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY. Orhan Merto. ğ. lu President, Turkish Geothermal

WORLD TARGET;

If the target of 140.000

MWe

will be reached (with EGS), it

would be  possible to produce from geothermal up 8.3% of

total world electricity 

production, serving 17% of world

population. Moreover, 40 countries  (located mostly in

Africa, Central/South America, Pacific) can be 100%

geothermal powered (Ruggero, B., 2010). 

Page 17: GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ... · GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY. Orhan Merto. ğ. lu President, Turkish Geothermal

The required investment amounts for fulfilling the 2015 targets in geothermal  electricity production, heating

(residences, thermal facilities etc.), greenhouse 

heating, drying, thermal tourism applications

Geothermal application2015

targets* Additional Investment amount required

(USD)(until 2015)

(2nd revision)Electricity production 550 MWe

(4 Billion

kWh)1,6

billion

USD

Heating (residences, thermal facilities etc.)

4000 MWt(500.000 res.Equiv.)

1,2

billion

USD

Greenhouse heating 1700 MWt(5

million m2)600 million

USD(wells incl.)

Drying 500.000 tons/year 120

million

USD

Thermal Tourism

(Baln.) 400 thermal facility equiv.

1 billion

USD

Cooling 50.000 res. Equiv. 250

million

USD

Total 4,77

billion

USD

*Due to several reasons Turkey’s 2013 targets have been revised to 2015 targets

Page 18: GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ... · GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY. Orhan Merto. ğ. lu President, Turkish Geothermal

The economic activity expected to be created by reaching the 2015 targets in geothermal electricity production, heating (residences, thermal facilities etc.)

thermal

tourism (baln.),

greenhouse heating,

drying, fish farming Applications

32

billion

USD/year(2nd revision)

Page 19: GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ... · GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY. Orhan Merto. ğ. lu President, Turkish Geothermal

In geothermal electricity investments:(Equity Capital: 30%, Credit : 70%)

In terms of Equity Capital: Internal Rate of Return (IRR) varies : 28 % – 35 %Pay back duration varies

:

1‐3 years

In terms of Total Project:Internal Rate of Return (IRR) varies  : 19 % ‐

24 % 

Pay back duration varies

: 4,5 – 6 years

Page 20: GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ... · GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY. Orhan Merto. ğ. lu President, Turkish Geothermal

GEOTHERMAL 

PRODUCTION 

WELLS

ELEKTRİK ÜRETİMİ

“BINARY”

ÇEVRİMİ

REINJECTION WELLS

~175°C

Designed by: Orhan MERTOĞLUJune 2011

AIR COOLED 

CONDENSER 

ELECTRICITY 

~ 80°C GW.

THERMAL FACILITIES 

(GEOTHERMAL SPA)

RESIDENCES HEATINGŞAPHANE  & PAZARLAR  HEATING ~5000 HOUSESDistance about : 5km

VEGETABLE – FRUIT DRYING (SUMMER ‐

WINTER)7.5 M kcal/h

(IN THE GEOTHERMAL FIELD

200.000 m2  GREENHOUSE (WINTER)

(IN THE GEOTHERMAL FIELD)

GW=GEOTHERMAL WATER

CO2

PRE CONDENSER

PUMP

CW.

CW=CLEAN WATER

2x24MWeTotal:48MWe

SEPERATOR

~ 60°CCW.

DISCHARGE

GW.

JS.

COLD WATER(RIVER, WELL)

“ŞAPHANE”

GEOTHERMAL COMBINED SYSTEM PROJECTONE EXAMPLE TO GEOTHERMAL COMBINED USE PROJECTS WOULD BE:

ELECTRICITY  PRODUCTION 

“BINARY”

CYCLE

Page 21: GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ... · GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY. Orhan Merto. ğ. lu President, Turkish Geothermal

Geothermal Power Plants

in North‐Eastern Japan

Uenotai GPP1994.3�28,800kW

Onuma GPP1974.6�9,500kW

Sumikawa GPPSumikawa GPP1995.31995.3��50,000kW50,000kW

Fukushima DaiichiFukushima DaiichiNuclear PPNuclear PP

Matsukawa GPPMatsukawa GPP1966.101966.10��23,500kW23,500kW

Mori GPP1982.11�50,000kW

Kakkonda GPPKakkonda GPP��.1978.5.1978.5��

50,000kW50,000kW��.1996. 3.1996. 3��

30,000kW30,000kW

Onikobe GPP1975.3�12,500kW

YanaizuYanaizu‐‐Nishiyama GPPNishiyama GPP1995.51995.5��65,000kW65,000kW

Hachijojima GPP1995.5�3,300kW

M9.0M9.0Epicenter

Sapporo

Sendai

Tokyo

Osaka

Fukuoka

HOW RELIABLE GEOTHERMAL IS : A RECENT EXAMPLE

All geothermal power plants in the affected area by 

the earthquake on the 11th

March 2011, recorded 

M9.0, are in operation, generating the same levels 

of power as those before the earthquake, although 

many of them automatically shut down once right 

after the event.

Page 22: GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ... · GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY. Orhan Merto. ğ. lu President, Turkish Geothermal

All geothermal power plants in the affected area by the earthquake on  the 11th

March 2011, recorded M9.0, are in operation, generating the 

same levels of power as those before the earthquake, although many of  them automatically shut down once right after the event.

Under such circumstances, this has been shown how reliable and  sustainable the geothermal electricity production plants and in this 

framework the geothermal applications are. 

Additionally, according to Dr. Kasumi Yasukawa from Japan Institute for  Geosources and Environment and being the member of Board of 

International Geothermal Association (IGA) declared to BBC News on  07.07.2011, that the “geothermal part in Japan’s electricity consumption 

is 0,3 %. The Japan Government decided to increase this geothermal  portion to 10 %”.

This means that the geothermal electricity install power in Japan would  reach 28000 MWe. It is understood that Japan has selected geothermal  energy as alternative to nucleer power among all renewable energies. 

Page 23: GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT ... · GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY. Orhan Merto. ğ. lu President, Turkish Geothermal

Thank you for your Interest.

TURKISH GEOTHERMAL ASSOCIATIONHoşdere cad. 190/12, 06550 Çankaya/AnkaraTel: +90‐312‐4404319    Fax: +90‐312‐4405738E‐mail: [email protected]

Hoşdere Caddesi 190/11, Çankaya-AnkaraTel: 312-440 57 11 Fax: 312-440 57 38