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GEOTHERMAL RESOURCES FOR POWER GENERATION AND DEVELOPMENT IN TURKEY
Orhan MertoğluPresident, Turkish Geothermal Association
IGA‐International Geothermal Association Former Vice President (2003‐2007)
IGA European Regional Branch Former Chairman (2007 –
2010)
EGEC‐European Geothe
rmal Energy Council Former Vice President (2001‐2004)
T.R. Prime Ministry State Planning Organisation 9th Development Plan (2007‐2013)
Chairman of geothermal working group
President of ORME Jeotermal Inc., Vice‐President of Jeotermal Arastirma ve Tesisler Inc.
20 December 2011, Athens‐Greece
Hoşdere Caddesi 190/11, Çankaya-AnkaraTel: 312-440 57 11 Fax: 312-440 57 38
TURKISH GEOTHERMAL ASSOCIATIONHoşdere cad. 190/12, 06550 Çankaya/AnkaraTel: +90‐312‐4404319 Fax: +90‐312‐4386867E‐mail: [email protected]
The geothermal resources are
covering only 5 % of the total
geographically area of the
world. It is called as “Ring of Fire”
by the geothermalist.
Turkey is located on this ring of fire. Therefore, Turkey is a lucky country in terms of the abundance of its geothermal resources.
(Ring of Fire)
Geothermal in the World ….
The first 5 countries in Geothermal non‐electric (Direct use) Applications (according to 2010 World Geothermal Congress figures)
Country Capacity
(MWt)
Use
(Tj/year)
Use
(GWh/year)
Capacity
Factor
USA 7817,4 31239,0 8678,2 0,13
SWEDEN 3840 36000 10000,8 0,30
CHINA 3687,0 45373,0 12604,6 0,39
ICELAND 1791,0 23813,0 6615,3 0,42
TURKEY 1385 23000,0 6143,0 0,53
Top five countries (total)
Top five countries (increase)
GEOTHERMAL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION IN THE WORLD;
Reference: Bertani, R., 2010
Total installed geothermal electricity in 2010 worldwide 10,7 GW
Aproximatelly 500 MWe is added annualy.
(Bertani, R., World Geothermal Congress 2010)
CURRENT GEOTHERMAL SITUATION IN TURKEY (August 2011)
UTILIZATION TYPE CAPACITY
GEOTHERMAL DISTRICT HEATING
(CITY, RESIDENCE, THERMAL FACILITIES, GREENHOUSES)
201.000 RESIDENCES EQUIVALANCE(1494 MWt)
THERMAL FACILITIES (Balneological Use)
260 THERMAL FACILITIES (552 MWt)(12 MILLION VISITORS ANNUALLY)
GEOTHERMAL HEAT PUMPS 38 MWt
TOTAL DIRECT UTILIZATION 2084 MWt
92,3 MWeTOTAL GEOTHERMAL
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
PRODUCTION OF CARBONDIOXIDE 160.000 tonnes/year
1) 15/20
MWe is operational in Denizli – Kızıldere Geothermal field
(252 °C), Zorlu
Energy Co. is going to develop this plant with additional 60 MWe
2) 47,4 MWe, Germencik Geothermal Power Plant is running by Gürmat since April 2009
(242 °C).
3) In Aydın‐Salavatlı
(Dora‐1), 7,5 MWe capacity Binary Cycle Power Plant is running
since March 2006 (167 °C). Second unit (Dora‐2) of 8,5 MWe is already operational.
4) In Çanakkale‐Tuzla 7,5 MWe capacity Geothermal power Plant is operational since
January 2010 (175 °C), EGENDA
Geothermal Electricity Production Status in Turkey
Geothermal Power Developing and Commissioning/Construction Stage
Geothermal Fields (Company name) MWe (Global Estimation)
1.Saraykoy (Zorlu)
602.Germencik II (Burç)
60
3.Pamukoren (Çelikler)
454.Sultanhisar (Çelikler)
25
5.Atca
(Maren)
406.Seferihisar (Izmir Jeotermal Inc.)
10
7.Simav (Municipality)
108.Nazilli (Erdem)
25
9.Hidirbeyli (Karadeniz‐Kartet)
2510.Tuzla (Egenda)
7,5
11. Aydin‐Buharkent (Limak)
1512. Aydin‐Yilmazkoy (Kiper Maren Maraş) 3013. Kütahya‐Şaphane (Orya‐Ümran)
25 (50)
14. Manisa Kavaklıdere (Ramsey)
5015. Manisa – Alaşehir (Zorlu)
30
16. Sarayköy (Değirmenci)
2,217. Aydın Kalfaköy (Kiper)
25
TOTAL
~ 484,7
The geothermal fields suitable for electricity production commisioned by
MTA starting in 2009 have been transferred to investors by bidding as
6,6 Million USD (Buharkent) – 109 Million USD (Germencik II) selling
price range. Geothermal field rights are transferrred for 30 years + 10 Years
+ 10 Years period and 1‐2 wells are included.
The geothermal electricity production base load, total availability factor
has been reached 0,98 with Turkish experience at Germencik I (GÜRMAT).
FAN-COİL
TG
~150°C
MINERAL RECOVERY
(FROM GEOTHERMAL WATER)
LITHIUM BROMIDE
ABSORBTION MACHINE
FOR COOLING
DRY ICE AND
CO2
PRODUCTION
CONDENSER
HEAT EXCHANGER
HEAT EXCHANGER
HEAT EXCHANGER
GEOTHERMAL PRODUCTION WELL
GREENHOUSE
REINJECTION WELL Designed by: Orhan MERTOĞLU
November 2011
FISH FARMING
THERMAL FACILITIES
GEOTHERMAL CASCADE USAGECITY HEATING/COOLING
TANK
HEAT EXCHANGER
DFLOWRATE CONTROL VALVE
DOMESTIC HOT WATER SUPPLY
CITY WATER
HOUSE
YDISCHARGE
HEATING/COOLING
RANKINE CYCLE ELECTRICITY
GENERATION
“BINARY”
CYCLE
ELECTROLYSİS
HYDROGENE (H2)
THERMAL CURING (GEOTHERMAL SPA)
CENTER
CARBONDIOXIDE
FERTILIZER
2015 GEOTHERMAL ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION TARGET
550 MWe (4 Billion
kWh/year)
(according to 10,5 US$/kWh incentive
feed‐in tariff)
TOTAL GEOTHERMAL ELECTRICITY TECHNICAL ANDECONOMICAL POTENTIAL OF TURKEY
2000 MWe (16 Billion
kWh/year) (by receiving suitable
incentives‐feed‐in
tariff
like 15 US$Cent/kWh)
THEORETICAL GEOTHERMAL ELECTRICITY POTENTIAL OF TURKEY
4500 MWe (32 Billion kWh/year) (Reference: Prof. Simsek and
Turkish Geothermal Association)
TURKEY’S GEOTHERMAL POTENTIALS (HYDROTHERMAL, 3 km);
TOTAL GEOTHERMAL THEORETICAL HEAT POTENTIAL : 31.500 MWt (Acc. to SPO)
According to new approach from Universities, MTA’s and some geothermalists 28.000 –
72.000 MWt has been estimated for the geothermal theoretical heat potential of Turkey .
According to Prof. Ernst Huenges from GFZ–GeoForschungsZentrum, the estimated geothermal potential of Turkey is as the following (3 km);
Geothermal heat ~ 28 000 + 9000 MWt
Geothermal electricity
~ 2 000
+ 1600 MWe
’dır.
The European geothermal goals for the year 2020 announced by EGEC ‐ European Geothermal Energy Council are as the following:
Geothermal heat 37.000 MWt
Geothermal electricity
6000 MWe
According to the new Law on Utilization of Renewable Energy Resources for generating electricity (Law No: 6094, date ratified: 29.12.2010);
The applied incentive for geothermal electricity production is 10,5 UScent/kWhAdditionaly for the below shown equipments 2,7 US$cent/kWh incentive has been achieved.
ejector
Geothermal Policy Update in Germany
According to the amendment of the Renewable Electricity Law in Germany (Feed‐in Tariff), the new tariff for geothermal power is given in §
28:
‐ 25 EuroCent/kWh for all geothermal power (no further limitation)‐ 5 EuroCent/kWh additional price for EGS (after German Petrothermal definition)
The new values shall take effect from 1 January 2012.
By taking into account the above example for Germany, we advice that the
geothermal electricity incentive in Turkey shall be minimum the half of the
Germany figure which would be minimum 15 US$cent/kWh.
WORLD TARGET;
If the target of 140.000
MWe
will be reached (with EGS), it
would be possible to produce from geothermal up 8.3% of
total world electricity
production, serving 17% of world
population. Moreover, 40 countries (located mostly in
Africa, Central/South America, Pacific) can be 100%
geothermal powered (Ruggero, B., 2010).
The required investment amounts for fulfilling the 2015 targets in geothermal electricity production, heating
(residences, thermal facilities etc.), greenhouse
heating, drying, thermal tourism applications
Geothermal application2015
targets* Additional Investment amount required
(USD)(until 2015)
(2nd revision)Electricity production 550 MWe
(4 Billion
kWh)1,6
billion
USD
Heating (residences, thermal facilities etc.)
4000 MWt(500.000 res.Equiv.)
1,2
billion
USD
Greenhouse heating 1700 MWt(5
million m2)600 million
USD(wells incl.)
Drying 500.000 tons/year 120
million
USD
Thermal Tourism
(Baln.) 400 thermal facility equiv.
1 billion
USD
Cooling 50.000 res. Equiv. 250
million
USD
Total 4,77
billion
USD
*Due to several reasons Turkey’s 2013 targets have been revised to 2015 targets
The economic activity expected to be created by reaching the 2015 targets in geothermal electricity production, heating (residences, thermal facilities etc.)
thermal
tourism (baln.),
greenhouse heating,
drying, fish farming Applications
32
billion
USD/year(2nd revision)
In geothermal electricity investments:(Equity Capital: 30%, Credit : 70%)
In terms of Equity Capital: Internal Rate of Return (IRR) varies : 28 % – 35 %Pay back duration varies
:
1‐3 years
In terms of Total Project:Internal Rate of Return (IRR) varies : 19 % ‐
24 %
Pay back duration varies
: 4,5 – 6 years
GEOTHERMAL
PRODUCTION
WELLS
ELEKTRİK ÜRETİMİ
“BINARY”
ÇEVRİMİ
REINJECTION WELLS
~175°C
Designed by: Orhan MERTOĞLUJune 2011
AIR COOLED
CONDENSER
ELECTRICITY
~ 80°C GW.
THERMAL FACILITIES
(GEOTHERMAL SPA)
RESIDENCES HEATINGŞAPHANE & PAZARLAR HEATING ~5000 HOUSESDistance about : 5km
VEGETABLE – FRUIT DRYING (SUMMER ‐
WINTER)7.5 M kcal/h
(IN THE GEOTHERMAL FIELD
200.000 m2 GREENHOUSE (WINTER)
(IN THE GEOTHERMAL FIELD)
GW=GEOTHERMAL WATER
CO2
PRE CONDENSER
PUMP
CW.
CW=CLEAN WATER
2x24MWeTotal:48MWe
SEPERATOR
~ 60°CCW.
DISCHARGE
GW.
JS.
COLD WATER(RIVER, WELL)
“ŞAPHANE”
GEOTHERMAL COMBINED SYSTEM PROJECTONE EXAMPLE TO GEOTHERMAL COMBINED USE PROJECTS WOULD BE:
ELECTRICITY PRODUCTION
“BINARY”
CYCLE
Geothermal Power Plants
in North‐Eastern Japan
Uenotai GPP1994.3�28,800kW
Onuma GPP1974.6�9,500kW
Sumikawa GPPSumikawa GPP1995.31995.3��50,000kW50,000kW
Fukushima DaiichiFukushima DaiichiNuclear PPNuclear PP
Matsukawa GPPMatsukawa GPP1966.101966.10��23,500kW23,500kW
Mori GPP1982.11�50,000kW
Kakkonda GPPKakkonda GPP��.1978.5.1978.5��
50,000kW50,000kW��.1996. 3.1996. 3��
30,000kW30,000kW
Onikobe GPP1975.3�12,500kW
YanaizuYanaizu‐‐Nishiyama GPPNishiyama GPP1995.51995.5��65,000kW65,000kW
Hachijojima GPP1995.5�3,300kW
M9.0M9.0Epicenter
Sapporo
Sendai
Tokyo
Osaka
Fukuoka
HOW RELIABLE GEOTHERMAL IS : A RECENT EXAMPLE
All geothermal power plants in the affected area by
the earthquake on the 11th
March 2011, recorded
M9.0, are in operation, generating the same levels
of power as those before the earthquake, although
many of them automatically shut down once right
after the event.
All geothermal power plants in the affected area by the earthquake on the 11th
March 2011, recorded M9.0, are in operation, generating the
same levels of power as those before the earthquake, although many of them automatically shut down once right after the event.
Under such circumstances, this has been shown how reliable and sustainable the geothermal electricity production plants and in this
framework the geothermal applications are.
Additionally, according to Dr. Kasumi Yasukawa from Japan Institute for Geosources and Environment and being the member of Board of
International Geothermal Association (IGA) declared to BBC News on 07.07.2011, that the “geothermal part in Japan’s electricity consumption
is 0,3 %. The Japan Government decided to increase this geothermal portion to 10 %”.
This means that the geothermal electricity install power in Japan would reach 28000 MWe. It is understood that Japan has selected geothermal energy as alternative to nucleer power among all renewable energies.
Thank you for your Interest.
TURKISH GEOTHERMAL ASSOCIATIONHoşdere cad. 190/12, 06550 Çankaya/AnkaraTel: +90‐312‐4404319 Fax: +90‐312‐4405738E‐mail: [email protected]
Hoşdere Caddesi 190/11, Çankaya-AnkaraTel: 312-440 57 11 Fax: 312-440 57 38