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Prof. Dr.- Ing. Werner ZornHasso- Plattner- Institute, Potsdam, Germany

German- Chinese Collaboration in the First Stage of

Open Networking in China

Session“The Origin and Early Development of the Internet

and of the Netizen:their Impact on Science and Society”

Session Chair: Ronda HaubenTunis, 14 November 2005

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Fibronics

1982

1983

1984

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1986

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1991

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2000

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2002

c

1982

1983

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1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

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1995

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1999

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NSF

CSNETBMFT IRA IBDS

MWK

Staatskanzlei

CSNET/LINK

ECRC

ICA

X.25- Dialog

TUB Gov.

CSNET

DNS"CN"

CANET

CNNIC

BelWue

ECRC

INXS

C&W

BelWue

MAZ

IS

Ision

easynet

Fibronics

Tiscali

TOPNET

freenet

CUBEnet roka Landefeld

CUBEnet nacamar

EUnet

unido

Xlink

KPNQwest

BASF

Netconsult

PoP Jena

cinetic

web.de

WEB.DEAG

Schlund +Partner

1&1

Web Hosting

FUN

Strato

United Internet

Internet-Access

Intershop

FhG/IITB

FhG-WAN

seicomI.S.A.R. PEM

vianetworks

Seicom

IVM

R. Volk

DENIC DIGI e.V.

ISOC.DE

IV DENICDFN e.V.

URZ KA

DENIC eG

DENIC

DENIC

Xlink-Kunde

Xlink-PoP

Fa./Kd.allg.

eigenerDienst

Beziehungzeitl./allg.

CNNIC

UUNET

nextra

Tiscali

[W. Zorn, 06/2004]

Xlink- Stammbaum

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1986 - The China Academic Network (CANET) is launched by Beijing Institute of Computing Applications (ICA) with help from the Universität Karlsruhe in Germany.

1987 - The Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) establishes its first international connection. The link is to CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research in Geneva. 1987 - CANET establishes its first international link when a Siemens 7,760/ BS2000 computer at the ICA in Beijing is connected to the Universität Karlsruhe via a 300-bps (bits per second) packet-switched data network. Later in the month, Qian Tianbai sends China's first international e-mail. Accounts differ on the day and message title. One said it was sent on Sept. 14 and titled "Across the Great Wall we can reach every corner in the world" while another said it was sent on Sept. 20 and titled "Crossing the Great Wall to Join the World."

October 1990- The .cn international top level domain for China is registered at the DDN-NIC (Defense Data Network Network Information Center) by Qian on behalf of China. As China did not yet have direct Internet connectivity, the .cn name server was housed at Universität Karlsruhe.

China celebrates 10 years of being connected to the Internet

IDG News Service staff, IDG News Service

17/05/2004 12:58:35

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The Internet Timeline of China Part I

1. In 1986, Chinese Academic Network (CANET) ¨C one of international networking projects of Beijing Research Institute of Computer Application Technology has been launched. The University of Karlsruhe in Germany acted as a partner.

2. In September 1987, CANET built up the first domestic Internet e-mail node in Beijing Research Institute of Computer Application Technology, and sent out the first e-mail from China on September 14 with the title of ¡°Across the Great Wall we can reach every corner in the world.¡± The e-mail was sent by PAD (set in Beijing by ITAPAC [Italy]) through ITAPAC and DATEX¨DP PAC [Germany]. It was connected to the University of Karlsruhe, with the initial communication baud rate of 300bps.

3. In early 1988, China¡¯s first X.25 PAC ¨C CNPAC has been established. Major cities including Beijing,

4. In December 1988, the college network of Tsinghua University was connected to Canada's University of British Columbia . 5. In 1988, the DECnet of the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) became the …

6. In May 1989, the Chinese Research Network (CRN) was connected to the German Research Network through the pilot X.25 .7. In October 1989, one of credit projects of the World Bank --

8. On Nov. 28, 1990, Professor Qian Tianbai formally registered .CN - the country code top-level domain (ccTLD) of China in Stanford Research Institute¡¯s Network Information Center (SRI-NIC), and initiated the international e-mail services under .CN. From that day on, China obtained its own identity on the Internet. Since China was not achieved the full functional connectionwith the Internet yet, the .CN TLD server was temporarily deployed in the University of Karlsruhe in Germany.

5Qian TianBai1945 - 1998

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The official time lines contain some seriously mistaken information and are also omitting important facts.

They cause hereby fatal misinformation meanwhile spread all

over the world

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http://www-fgks.hpi.uni-potsdam.de/src/pubzorn/How_China/ChinaConnection.pdf

CNNIC takes over DNS after direct US linkOperating Primary DNS in Karlsruheuntil 05/1994

Denial by SNI (MoB H.-D. Wendorff)Stop of further Activities16.06.1993

Leased Line Proposal to SNI (Zorn)Planning to migrate to full internet services01.04.1993

TS- Handover & Strategic PlanningVisit W. Zorn01.03.1993

Qian TianBai, Dr. Li, Prof. Wang/ Rotert, NipperOperation, Propagation of .CN 91 ff

VAX Migration (Rotert, Wacker, von der Lancken)Visit of 3 Poeple from Karlsruhe UniversityJan 91

Appl. (Zorn) with techn.contact Rotert, admin.Qian TianBaiRegistration of CN DomainNov 90

Prof. Wang/Dr. C.C.LiPropagation of CANET/Operation88 ff

Minister Yang, Prof. Wang, Dr. C.C.LiCANET Inauguration and Conference28.-30.03.1988

Stephen Wolff (NSF), Larry Landweber, Dave FarberNSF approves China Email Connection08.11.1987

The 2 Teams (Prof. Wang & Prof. Zorn)1st E-Mail "Across the Great Wall ..."20.09.1987

PMDF Installation on BS2000Connecting Beijing & Karlsruhe E2E07.-20.09.1987

"Computer Networks" (Key Note Zorn)3. Casco Conference in Beijing07.09.1987

DB- Access a. o.1st X.25 Conn. Germany ChinaAug 86

Checking DC- FacilitiesInvited VisitMrz 86

150 TDM + 15 TDM/a for C+CFunding of China Connection by BW27.11.1985

"International Scientific Networks" (Zorn)2. Casco Conference in Xi'anSep 85

Starting PMDF- ImplementationCSnet-Mail/BS2000 Implementation DecisionMrz 85

E-Mail- Gateway for Germany (Michael Finken)CSnet- Connection Germany USAug 84

"DFN- Deutsches Forschungsnetz" (Zorn)1. Wasco/Casco Conference in BeijingSep 83

18 Siemens BS2000 Computers in 11 Major CitiesChinese University Dev. Proj. II ($ 145 Mio.)1982ff

ActionsEventDate

The german/chinese China Connection Project (1983 - 1994)

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•1st CASCO conference 1983(upper/lower left, lower right)•Prof. Wang and Prof. Zorn inKarlsruhe 1988 (middle)•Prof. Wang and Prof. Zorn inIsrael 1988 (upper right)

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Lothar Spaeth, former prime minister of Baden-Wuerttemberg, who sponsered the project from 1985

on, talking with Prof. Zorn

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Network connection between ICA and CSnet

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E-Mail connection between ICA and CSnet

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The 1st E-Mail from China on Sep. 20, 1987 as received in Karlsruhe

131st row: Profs. Richard Mandelbaum, Larry Landweber, Dave Farber[Photo taken at INET’92 in Kobe/Japan]

Giving support for the NSF approval of the China Connection

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The official NSF approval, handed over to the Chinese delegation at IANW’87 in Princetown (09.-11.11.1987)

Stephen S. Wolff

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CANET foundation on 28.03.1988

Opening speech of deputy minister Yang Chuquan

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Opening speech of Prof. Wang YunFeng

CANET foundation on 28.03.1988

171st row (left to right): Mrs. Lin, Dr.C.C.Li, N.N. Daniel Karrenberg, Prof. YunFeng Wang, Dr. Dennis Jennings, Minister Yang, Prof. Zorn a.o.

CANET foundation on 28.03.1988

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International Computer NetworkSymposium Program Agenda

Beijing, 28.- 30.03.1988March 289:00 –10:30 The symposium will be open. It is presided over by Dr. .Li Chengchun.

1. Welcoming speech will be given by deputy minister Tang Zhongwen .2. A leading member from the electronic vitalization office of the state council will

deliver a address .3. A speech will be given by director Yang Chuquan .4. Prof. Wang Yunfeng will give a speech .5. Prof. Zorn will speak on behalf of all the foreign experts .6. All the Representatives take a Group Photo .

13:00- 16:30 Director Yang will be the Chairman .1. A report about the computer network of China and W-Germany given by Dr. C.C.Li .2. A report about the development of the computer network at home and abroad given by

Mr. Li Shao hong .3. A report about the price analysis of the international computer network given by

Mr. Ruan Rencheng .4. A report will be given by foreign experts .

- Dr. Dennis Jennings, University College Dublin, Ireland- Daniel Karrenberg, EUnet , CWI Amsterdam, The Netherlands

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Why Canada inserted the marple leaf

Because China was earlier!

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Prof. Wang YunFeng(15.03.1911 – 29.04.1997)

„The Father of CANET- the first Open Computer Network of China“

[Photo taken at 1st CASCO Conference in Beijing 09/1983]

(a detailed report on the project can be found athttp://www-fgks.hpi.uni-potsdam.de/src/pubzorn/How_China/ChinaConnection.pdf)

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Date: Mon, 26 Nov 90 16:27:35 METFrom: "Prof. Dr. W. Zorn" To: hostmaster@nic.ddn.milcc: xlink@ira.uka.deSubject: Top level domain CN

Douglas,

here is the information about toplevel domain CN. If you have further questions, please mail to xlink@ira.uka.de. The domain will be operational as soon as we get a registration.

Thanks for your cooperation,

Werner Zorn

-------------------------------------------------------

Appendix: CN Registration 1990

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(1) The name of the top-level domain to join(EDU, COM, MIL, GOV, NET, ORG). 1. Top-level domain: ROOT(This is an application for a top-level domain)

(2) The name of the domain2. Complete Domain Name: CN (ISO code for China)

(3) The name and address of the organization establishing the domain.3a. Organization name:

CANET Chinese academic net3b. Organization address:

c/o ICA P.O. Box 2418-26 Che-Dao-Gou Street 10,100081 Beijing, P.R. China

(4) The date you expect the domain to be fully operational4. Date operational:

immediately(5) Administrative Contact

5a. NIC Handle:5b. Name (Last, First) : Qian, Tian Bai5c. Organization: ICA5d. Mail Address: Institute of Computer Application

P.O. Box 2418-26Che-Dao-Gou Street 10,100081 Beijing, P.R. China

5e. Phone Number: +86 1 841 36545f. Net Mailbox: qian.ica.beijing.CN

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(6) Technical and Zone Contact6a. NIC Handle: MR78 [Remark: MR- Michael Roter]6b. Name (Last, First):6c. Organization:6d. Mail Address: University of Karlsruhe

Computer Science Dept.Am Fasanengarten 5D-7500 KarlsruheFEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY

6e. Phone Number:6f. Net Mailbox: (7)7a. Primary Server Hostname: iraun1.ira.uka.de7b. Primary Server Netaddress: 129.13.10.907c. Primary Server Hardware: VAX 35007d. Primary Server Software: ULTRIX(8) The Secondary server information

8a. Secondary Server Hostname: mcsun.eu.net8b. Secondary Server Netaddress: 192.16.202.18c. Secondary Server Hardware: SUN-4/2808d. Secondary Server Software: UNIX

8a. Secondary Server Hostname: uunet.uu.net8b. Secondary Server Netaddress: 192.48.96.28c. Secondary Server Hardware: SEQUENT-S818d. Secondary Server Software: UNIX

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(10) Please describe your organization briefly.

CANET is the Chinese state research and development network, begun in 1988. It currently includes approximately 35 institutions. The gateway is through XLINK at the University of Karlsruhe in Germany. CANET uses dial-up nodes as well as X.25 in the major cities of China. Currently, 1200 bps is the typical transmission speed. CANET plans to move completely to X.25 and PAD connections. They expect to install Telebit Trailblazer modems for the dial-up lines.

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Date: Sun, 03 Dec 90 12:21 China TimeFrom: Mail Administration for China To: "Prof. Dr. W. Zorn" CC: rotert@ira.uka.deSubject: answer

DEAR PROF. ZORN,I'VE GOT YOUR FOUR MAIL OF NOV.26 AND DEC.2, CONCERNING THE APPLICATION TO THE NIC FOR "CN" AND THE FUND FOR CANET. I'VE PASSED IT TO PROF.WANG.THANKS AGAIN FOR YOUR HELP AND EFFORT.FRANKLY SPEAKING, THERE ARE MANY QUESTIONS I DIDN'T GET A CLEAR UNDERSTANDING, FOR E.G, HOW TO DEFINE THE SUBDOMAIN ACCORDING OUR CURRENT STATUS? HOW TO PLAN THE TRANSITION FROM OLD MAIL ADDRESS TO NEW MAIL-ADDRESS FOR END-USER? ETC.SO, I HOPE MR.ROTERT TO HELP US TO SET UP AND PLAN WHOLE SYSTEM AND IF IT IS POSSIBLE, I WONT TO GET A SET OF COPY OF "RECOMMENDED READING BY NIC" FROM YOU, BECAUSE I REALLY NEED IT.BY THE WAY, PROF.WANG LET ME ASK YOU ABOUT YOUR TRAVELLING PLAN IS IT POSSIBLE TO VISIT US WHEN YOU COME BACK FROM VIET NAM?BEST REGARDS!MERRY CHRISTMAS!PS: I'VE RECEIVED THE PMDF.CNF FILE OF UNlKA1. THANKS FOR MR.ROTERT! QIAN TIAN BAI