german language - amazon s3 · below the declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive...

111
GERMAN LANGUAGE Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D. American University

Upload: others

Post on 16-Apr-2020

9 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

GERMANLANGUAGE

–––Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D.

American University

Page 2: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved. –––

2. Family, Acquaintances and Friends

Page 3: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

2.1 German Nouns

–––

2.2 Cases and Articles

2.3 People

2.4 Jetzt üben wir!

Page 4: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

GERMANLANGUAGE

–––Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D.

American University

Page 5: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

2.1 German Nouns

–––

Page 6: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

As you know already German and English are linguistically quite close. English belongs to the very large Indogermanic group of languages. Similarities between English and German vocabulary make this obvious:

Page 7: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

• Hand (hand), Finger (finger), Fuß (foot) have a lot more in common with the English

• Than French main, doigt et pied or Spanish for that matter.

• Grammatical differences between English and German exist however

Page 8: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

2.1.1 Capitalization and Gender

–––2.1.2 Number and Plural Formation

Page 9: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

GERMANLANGUAGE

–––Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D.

American University

Page 10: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

2.1.1 Capitalization and Gender

–––

Page 11: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

All German NOUNS, whether they represent people or things are capitalized and they all have grammatical genders.

One of three to be exact:

• Masculine

• Feminine

• Neuter

Page 12: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

The English definite article the corresponds to the German article der, die or das depending on noun gender:

• masculine (m) der

• feminine (f) die

• neuter (n) das

Page 13: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

The English indefinite articles a or an corresponds to (m) ein, (f) eine or (n) ein:

• ein Mann (m)

• eine Frau (f)

• ein Kind (n)

Page 14: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Male beings are usually grammatically masculine and female beings feminine but for the vast majority of nouns there is no predictable pattern.

My advice: it is best to always learn new German words with their grammatical gender, i.e. article.

Page 15: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Useful guidelines regarding German nouns

MASCULINE Nouns:

1.Male beings Professions Nationalities

der Mann, Sohn der Pilot, der Arzt der Deutsche, der Amerikaner

der Arbeiter der Professor der Kanadier

Page 16: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

2. Days of the Week, months, seasons and nearly all weather elements

• der Montag, der Sommer, der Regen, der Schnee

Page 17: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

3. Nouns ending in

• -ig der Honig

• -ling der Liebling

• -or der Motor

• -us der Faschismus

Page 18: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

FEMININE Nouns:

Female beings Professions Nationalities

die Frau die Professorin die Deutsche

die Mutter die Arbeiterin die Amerikanerin

Page 19: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

2. Nouns ending in -e (Plural -n)

• die Maschine

• die Sprache

• die Methode

Page 20: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

3. Nouns ending in the suffixes

• -anz die Toleranz

• -enz die Frequenz

• -ei die Konditorei

• -ie die Demokratie

• -ik die Kritik

Page 21: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

• -ion die Religion

• -heit die Menschheit

• -keit die Schwierigkeit

• -schaft die Fußballmannschaft

• -tät die Nationalität

• -ung die Bedeutung

• -ur die Prozedur

Page 22: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

NEUTER Nouns:

1. Continents, Cities, Counties (most of them)

• das Asien

• das Berlin

• das Deutschland, Frankreich, England

Page 23: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

NEUTER Nouns:

2. Nouns ending in

• -tum das Christentum

• -chen das Mädchen

• -ment das Experiment

Page 24: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

GERMANLANGUAGE

–––Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D.

American University

Page 25: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

2.1.2 Number and Plural Formation

–––

Page 26: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

There are five basic plural endings for German nouns:

der Fahrer, die Fahrer

der Garten, die Gärten

1. Most nouns ending in -el, -en, -er: no plural ending or - ¨ -

Page 27: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

• der Wagen, die Wagen

Page 28: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

2. Many monosyllabic nouns: -e or - ¨e

• das Jahr, die Jahre

• die Angst, die Ängste

Page 29: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

• der Stuhl, die Stühle

Page 30: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

3. -er or ¨er

• das Bild, die Bilder

• das Buch, die Bücher

Page 31: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

4. Almost all feminine nouns: -(e)n

• die Stunde, die Stunden

• die Zeitung, die Zeitungen

Page 32: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Nouns with feminine suffix -in double the -n before the plural ending

• die Autorin, die Autorinnen

Page 33: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

5. -s for plural of foreign words

• die Party, die Partys

-en for borrowed words from Latin ending in -um and -us

• das Museum, die Museen

• das Zentrum, die Zentren

Page 34: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

GERMANLANGUAGE

–––Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D

American University

Page 35: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

2.2 Cases and Articles

–––

Page 36: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Grammatical function in the English sentence is indicated by position: typically the sentence subject comes first, followed by a verb which is then followed by objects.

Page 37: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

No need for cases in English.

In German cases, are critical.

Cases are needed for comprehension. Case in point:

Page 38: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Diese Sängerin kennt den Mann seit Jahren.

This singer has known the man for years.

Diese Sängerin kennt der Mann seit Jahren.

The man has known the singer for years.

Page 39: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

The German article declines, or changes, according to the gender, number and case of the noun it modifies. In other words, articles mark case, number and gender of nouns. If there is no article, the ending of the adjective takes the function of the verb.

Page 40: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

You know already that German has CASES.

Four to be exact:

• Nominative

• Accusative

• Dative

• Genitive

Page 41: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

The case of a noun is determined by its unique function in the sentence. Is the noun the subject of the sentence, its direct or perhaps its indirect object? Let us read several short passages to determine which grammatical function the different sentence elements possess.

Page 42: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

2.2.1 Nominative

–––

2.2.2 Accusative

2.2.3 Dative

2.2.4 Genitive

Page 43: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

GERMANLANGUAGE

–––Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D.

American University

Page 44: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

2.2.1 Nominative

–––

Page 45: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Die Familie

Die Mutter, der Vater, der Sohn und die Tochter wohnen in Berlin. Die Eltern haben zwei Kinder. Eine Tochter und einen Sohn.

Page 46: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

A family in Berlin. The subject of a sentence is identified by asking wer or was, who or what. Who does what and who or what is that?

Page 47: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

In this case: wer wohnt, who lives in Berlin? Die Familie wohnt in Berlin, the family is the subject in this case. In other words die Mutter, der Vater, der Sohn und die Tochter. All these nouns here are therefore in the nominative case in this passage. The family members are the subject of this particular sentence.

Page 48: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Now look at the same lines with the indefinite article mentioned earlier:

Eine Mutter, ein Vater, ein Sohn und eine Tochter wohnen in Berlin.

Page 49: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

The article endings remained the same -e ending in die/eine. Masculine nominative singular: ein Vater, ein Sohn

Page 50: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Neuter nominative singular: das Problem/ein Problem, no -s ending in the indefinite article.

Page 51: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case:

Nominative

Masculin der nette Mann

ein netter Mann

mein(my)

dein (your)

sein(his)

unser (our)

Feminin die nette Frau

eine nette Frau meine deine seine unsere

Neutral das nette Kind

ein nettes Kind mein dein sein unser

Page 52: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

As you notice, German possessive articles/Possessivpronomen share the same endings as indefinite articles.

Please review comprehensive charts found in your grammar book.

Page 53: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

The Nominative case is for the sentence subject, be it a person or a thing of course. The third person personal pronouns we studied in Module 1 - er, sie, es - refers to persons but can also refer to things.

Page 54: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Er, sie, es substitute for all der die das nouns respectively and can be the equivalent of the English it.

Example: Ist das dein Mantel? Is this your coat?

Ja, das ist er. Yes, it is he.

.

Page 55: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

GERMANLANGUAGE

–––Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D.

American University

Page 56: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

2.2.2 Accusative

–––

Page 57: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Der Junge hat eine Freundin. Er spielt sehr gut Gitarre und hat ein Liebeslied für die Freundin komponiert. Er singt der Freundin das Lied vor.

Page 58: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Wer spielt Gitarre?

• Der Junge (subject in the nominative) spielt Gitarre.

Was hat der Junge?

• eine Freundin - a girlfriend.

Now we identified the first accusative direct object.

Page 59: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

The others listed here:

• Der Junge hat (accusative) eine Freundin.

• Er spielt Gitarre.

• Er hat (accusative) ein Liebeslied komponiert.

• Er singt (accusative) das Lied.

Page 60: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Accusative endings change only in the masculine:

• Nominative der to accusative den and ein to einen

No change in the feminine and neuter.

Page 61: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Nouns or pronouns used to complete the action of the verb (as in what does he have?) are called objects.

The accusative is also used in many standard greetings we covered in the past module:

• guten Morgen

• vielen Dank! .

Page 62: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

GERMANLANGUAGE

–––Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D.

American University

Page 63: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

2.2.3 Dative

–––

Page 64: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

The third case is the widely used Dative case. The person to whom or for whom something is done is called the indirect object. The indirect object is always in the dative case and usually requires an accusative object to complete its meaning.

Page 65: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Example: We give the child a book. What we give is in the accusative (book), the recipient who the book is given to (Kind), is the dative object.

Wir geben dem Kind ein Buch.

Page 66: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

!!! The English to is not used to indicate indirect objects in German. The dative case is used instead.

Page 67: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Let’s identify the dative case object in the above picture and write it down.

Der Manager gratuliert einem Kollegen. The person receiving the praise is the dative object here.

Page 68: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Dative objects usually precede accusative nouns:

• Er erklärt seinem Sohn das Problem.

• Sie kauft dem Bruder einen deutschen Schäferhund.

Notice that the above dative objects are nouns.

Page 69: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

The word order reverses with pronouns.

• Er erklärt seinem Sohn das Problem

• Er erklärt es ihm

The accusative pronoun es (das Problem) now precedes the dative ihm (seinem Sohn).

Page 70: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Dative and accusative objects often occur together with verbs of

• giving: bringen, geben, schenken (gifting) spendieren, kaufen (to treat, buy for)

• showing: erklären (explain), zeigen (show), beweisen (to prove)

Page 71: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

• telling: beschreiben (describe), erzählen (to inform, tell), sagen

• recommending: vorschlagen (to suggest), empfehlen (to recommend)

.

Page 72: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

GERMANLANGUAGE

–––Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D.

American University

Page 73: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

2.2.4 Genitive

–––

Page 74: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

The fourth case, the Genitive case rounds up our case discussion. It is not used much in spoken German but omnipresent in journalism, as well as in well-written German.

The genitive indicates possession.

Page 75: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

The ’s in His father’s mom is sufficient to form the genitive in English. Not so in German.

Page 76: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

The German genitive is expressed by a noun (the mother) followed by an article plus noun (+appropriate ending):

Die Mutter (m) seines Vaters

Der Schreibtisch (f) der Frau the woman’s desk

Der Bruder (n) des Kindes the child’s brother

Page 77: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

The word von + dative is often used as a genitive substitute in spoken German and always used with personal pronouns (English of ): viel von ihrem Talent (much of her talent).

Page 78: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Genitive Noun Phrases commonly used:

Ich bin der Meinung, dass… I am of the opinion that …

Wir waren guter Laune, weil… We were in a good mood because…

Das Bier ist deutschen Ursprungs The beer is of German origin

Please review the somewhat neglected genitive by doing the exercises as it is ultimately indicative of polished writing. .

Page 79: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

GERMANLANGUAGE

–––Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D

American University

Page 80: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

2.3 People

–––

Page 81: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

2.3.1 Family

–––2.3.2 Acquaintances and Friends

Page 82: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

GERMANLANGUAGE

–––Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D.

American University

Page 83: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

2.3.1 Family

–––

Page 84: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann
Page 85: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

English German Singular German Plural (die)

Father der Vater/Papa Väter/Papas

Mother die Mutter Mütter

Son der Sohn Söhne

Daughter die Tochter Töchter

Grandfather der Großvater/Opa Großväter/Opas

Page 86: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

English German Singular German Plural (die)

Grandmother die Großmutter/Oma Großmütter/Omas

Grandson der Enkel Enkel

Granddaughter die Enkelin Enkelinnen

Sister die Schwester Schwestern

Brother der Bruder Brüder

Page 87: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

English German Singular German Plural (die)

Stepsister die Halbschwester Halbschwestern

Stepbrother der Halbbruder Halbbrüder

Siblings die Geschwister (kein Singular)

Stepsiblings die Halbgeschwister (kein Singular)

Wife die Ehefrau, Gattin Ehefrauen, Gattinnen

Page 88: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

English German Singular German Plural (die)

Husband der Ehemann, Gatte Männer, Gatten

Father-in-law der Schwiegervater Schwiegerväter

Mother-in-law die Schwiegermutter Schwiegermütter

Sister-in-law die Schwägerin Schwägerinnen

Brother-in-law der Schwager Schwäger

Page 89: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

English German Singular German Plural (die)

Son-in-law der Schwiegersohn Schwiegersöhne

Daughter-in-law die Schwiegertochter Schwiegertöchter

Aunt die Tante Tanten

Uncle der Onkel Onkel

Page 90: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Useful vocabulary and related phrases

They wish to marry soon.

• Sie möchten bald heiraten.

Page 91: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Engagement

• Die Verlobung

Page 92: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

She got engaged to Peter.

• Sie hat sich mit Peter verlobt.

They are engaged now.

• Sie sind jetzt verlobt. (with the verb sein)

Page 93: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

You are invited to our wedding

• Sie sind/du bist zu unserer Hochzeit eingeladen.

He marries Monika

• Er heiratet Monika

Page 94: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

They marry

• Sie heiraten

Page 95: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

He is married to Monika.

• Er ist mit Monika verheiratet.

They marry

• Sie heiraten

Marriage proposal

• der Heiratsantrag

Page 96: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Wedding bells

• die Heiratsglocken

A divorce

• eine Scheidung

To divorce

• sich scheiden lassen

Page 97: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

They are divorcing.

• Sie lassen sich scheiden.

They divorced.

• Sie sind geschieden.

.

Page 98: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

GERMANLANGUAGE

–––Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D.

American University

Page 99: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

2.3.2 Acquaintances and Friends

–––

Page 100: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

English German Singular German Plural (die)

male friend der Freund Freunde

female friend die Freundin Freundinnen

buddy der Kumpel Kumpel

male neighbor der Nachbar Nachbarn

female neighbor die Nachbarin Nachbarinnen

Page 101: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

English German Singular German Plural (die)

male foreigner der Ausländer Ausländer

female foreigner die Ausländerin Ausländerinnen

male student der Student Studenten

female student die Studentin Studentinnen

male grocer der Lebensmittelhändler Lebensmittelhändler

Page 102: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

English German Singular German Plural (die)

female grocer der Lebensmittelhändlerin Lebensmittelhändlerinnen

baker der Bäcker/-in Bäcker

cabbie der Taxifahrer/-in Taxifahrer

bus driver der Busfahrer Busfahrer

male police officer der Polizist Polizisten

Page 103: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

English German Singular German Plural (die)

female police officer die Polizistin Polizistinnen

male maire der Bürgermeister Bürgermeister

female maire die Bürgermeisterin Bürgermeisterinnen

male tourist, visitor der Tourist, Besucher Touristen, Besucher

female tourist, visitor

die Touristin, Besucherin

Touristinnen, Besucherinnen

Page 104: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann
Page 105: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

GERMANLANGUAGE

–––Tania Hinderberger-Burton, Ph.D.

American University

Page 106: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

www.companyname.com© 2016 Jetfabrik Multipurpose Theme. All Rights Reserved.

2.4 Jetzt üben wir!

–––

Page 107: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Bestimmter Artikel - setze Artikel und Nomen im Akkusativ richtig ein.

1. Ich kenne (der Film)

____________ schon.

2. Suchst du (die Lehrerin)

_______________?

Page 108: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

3. Wer hat (das Wasser)

_____________ getrunken?

4. Ich verstehe (der Satz) ______________________ nicht.

5. Der Mann lernt (die Vokabel)

_________________.

Page 109: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Unbestimmter Artikel - setze Artikel und Nomen im Akkusativ ein.

1. Ich kaufe ein _____ Blume.

2. Wir haben ein _____ Hund gesehen.

3. Sie hat ein _____ Freundin im Café getroffen.

Page 110: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

Welches Nomen steht im Akkusativ?

1. Der Student kauft einen Hut.

a. der Student

b. einen Hut

Page 111: GERMAN LANGUAGE - Amazon S3 · Below the Declension chart for definite, indefinite and possessive articles in the nominative case: Nominative Masculin der nette Mann ein netter Mann

2. Die Rechnung hat der Mann bezahlt.

a. die Rechnung

b. der Mann

3. Die Kellnerin bringt das Essen.

a. die Kellnerin

b. das Essen .