german unification
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German Unification. Otto von Bismarck & German Unification. Bell Ringer. What is nationalism? Discuss with Partner 1 minute. Zollverein. Von Metternich - Opposed a united Germany Prussia stepped forward Zollverein: economic union Eliminated tariff barriers among German states - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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German Unification
Otto von Bismarck & German Unification
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Bell RingerWhat is nationalism?
Discuss with Partner1 minute
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ZollvereinVon Metternich - Opposed a
united GermanyPrussia stepped forwardZollverein: economic union
◦Eliminated tariff barriers among German states
Still politically fragmented
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Otto von BismarckPrussian Junker
◦Junker = conservative noble class
1862 – became chancellor under King Wilhelm I
In just under 10 years, Bismarck would unify Germany under Prussian rule
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Prussian PowerRecognized importance of strong
militaryWanted more money spent on
militaryParliament said “no”Famous “Blood and Iron” speech
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Bismarck (cont.)“Germany does not
look to Prussia’s liberalism, but to her power…The great questions of the day are not to be decided by speeches and majority resolutions – that was the mistake of 1848 and 1849 – but by blood and iron!”
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Blood and Iron
Discuss with your partner what you think Bismarck meant by Germany’s power will be determined by “blood and iron.”
2 Minutes
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Realpolitik Strong willPowerful manipulatorMaster of “Realpolitik” – politics
of realityPolitics based on practical
matters rather than theory or ethics
Often resulted in ruthless decisions
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Bismarck’s loyalty
Not a German nationalist
Loyal to the Hohenzollerns – the German royal family
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Bismarck’s wars
Schleswig & HolsteinAustro-Prussian WarFranco-Prussian War
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1864: Schleswig & HolsteinAllied w/ AustriaSeized Schleswig & Holstein
from DenmarkSplit:
◦Austria – controlled Holstein◦Prussia – controlled Schleswig
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1866: Austro-Prussian WarBismarck invented excuse to
attack AustriaLasted 7 weeks Major victory for PrussiaPrussia
◦annexed Holstein and several other German states
◦Dissolved Austrian gov’t & replaced with dominant Prussian one
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1870: Franco-Prussian War
Growing rivalry between:◦France (Napoleon III)◦Prussia (Wilhelm I & Bismarck)
Relative of Wilhelm offered Spanish throne
France protestedBismarck rallies Germans (all
Germans)
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Realpolitik at workHad wars with Austria & other
territories - Prussia easily wonNo harsh terms of peaceAllowed Austria & some other
German states to remain independent
Why would he do this?? Discuss with partner 1 minute
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Practical Motives“We had to avoid leaving behind
any desire for revenge.” ◦Otto von Bismarck
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Ems Dispatch
Bismarck rewrote & released in the press a telegram
Wilhelm “insulted” French ambassador
Napoleon III (France) declared war on Prussia
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“On to Berlin!”France attacked
PrussiaPrussia – military
superiorityEasily defeated
France Napoleon III
surrendered (taken captive)
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Germany UnifiesJanuary 18,1871German Confederation made
official Bismarck + 600 German princes,
nobles, and generals gathered at Versailles
Wilhelm I of Prussia proclaimed Kaiser of the Second German Empire
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France Pays the Cost of PeacePeace treaty signed May 1871France paid $1 billion and had to
give up the provinces of Alsace & Lorraine
All that was left were bitter feelings and the desire for revenge…