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Germanic EtymologiesAuthor(s): Francis A. WoodReviewed work(s):Source: Modern Language Notes, Vol. 34, No. 4 (Apr., 1919), pp. 203-208Published by: The Johns Hopkins University PressStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2915457 .

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GERMANIC ETYMOLOGIES 203xii,87. "The Romanes, ho as is sayd nLiuie) were osuper-sticiouslyootednthe ame sc. inthe sooth fbyrdes') hat heyagreedthateueryNobleman houldput his sonne to the Thu-scanes,by them o be brought p in thatknowledge."Perhapsthis s basedonlyon Livy, x, 36, 3, " habeoauctores, ulgoturnRomanospueros, icut nuncGraecis, ta Etruscis itteris rudirisolitos, ed propius stvero," tc.xii, 88. "As the Poete sayth,Dea saeua potentibus erbis."Virgil,Aen. vii,19.xii, Embleme. " Horace of his odes . . . boldly sayth, Exegi

monimentumereperennius, uodnec mber daxnecaquilovorax&c." This is a misquotationf Od. iii, 30, 1-3: "Exegi moniu-mentumaere perennius . . Quod non imber edax, non Aquiloimpotens,"tc. "Ouid in the ike,Grande pus exegiquod neclouis ira niecgnis,Nec ferrumoterit ec edax abolere etustas,&c." Anothermisquotation,romMet.xv,871-2: " Iamque opusexegi, uod nec Iovis ira nec ignisNec potenit errum ec edaxabolere etustas." W. P. MUSTARD.Johns Hopkins U-niversity.

GERMANIC ETYMOLOGIES1. Goth.huzd '01qo-aavp6, hoard,'huzdjan 0-qoravpt(ELv,lay up

tresure,'N. hodd,OE., OS. hord, 1G. hoyt,tc. r best xplaindas a compoundquz-dho-,hefirst artof whichmaybe comparedwithSkt. k csathBehalter,Vorratskammer,chatzkammer,'ndtlheecond artderivedromheroot dhe-Iput,place (cf.Walde,Et. Wb.? 17with it.). For the use of*dhe-n suchcompoundscompare kt. ni-dhdnamdas Niederlegen, ufbewahren; uf-bewahrungsort,ehblter; chatz,Hort,'ni-dhihd.,OBulg.obf-do'Oqo-avpos.' Here also belongsGr. 0o-ravpo' 'receptacle resure,storehouse,'hichmaybe analyzed s *dhjIi4-ur0s:dhitid de-posit,store': Av. -daiti- a placing,'Goth.gadeds,OG. t&t'deed,' Gr. OTELV a placing, eposit,' tc.; and *uro6sguarding':Gr. EpvacOaL 'guard,' Skt. vrnoti cover, nclose,'Goth.warjan'wehren,' 0HG. waru ware, rticle fmerchandise,'tc.2. OE. heopehip ofthedogrose,' S. hiopothornbush,'1G.hitfo, tc.correspondn formwithRuss.cubi' (*qjub-) ' schopf,'

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204 MODERN LANGUAGE NOTESLRuss. cub 'Schopf, Busch,' &iUibatybei den Haaren zausen,'cubkyIl. 'Apfel mitin die HEhe ragendem IIelchsaum,'zechdial.cub Vogelschopf,'ubekcirsium rvense,' ol. czub Schopf,Biischel,' zubic beimSchopf acken.' Thesewords r comparedbyBerneker,. WVb., 160,withGoth. kuftlHaupthaar,'MHG.schopf,tc.To thesewemay lso add Norw.dial.huppQuaste,'OE. hoppe'ornament, mall bell,' OHG. hopfo llopfen,' and witu-hoffo,-hopfoWiedehopf,' ith. 1eublysMistlerche,' amed from hetufted ed,and also Gr. Ki/Uos ' cube,' tc. Closely elated r thefollowing ith E. p.3. NHG. Swab.hduben schmerzhaftmIHaare upfen,erren,schiitteln,' Miublenan den Haaren ziehen,riitteln, orperlichzuichtigen':Serb.-Cr.ciipati rupfen,' cuipa Biischel Haare,'Russ.Cupii Schopf,' Russ.c'uper,uprynallaarschopf,' upryn-di] ' iaubenlerche,'Czechdial. cup Berghohemitflachem ip-fel' (: Slovakcub Schopf,Federbusch; ergkappe, ipfel,'withdoublemeaning s in NE. crest), E. *qeup-withwhich ompare*quap-n ON. hu'frhulk of a ship,'OE. hyfhive,' huffehood,'OG. huba Haube,' hubil ilHibel,'Norw.dial. hof knoll,hil-lock,' tc.4. NE. dial.hover light, uffy,aised;notprestdown, f soil:light,oose;huncht p,cold, hivery; fbirds ndanimals:havingthecoatorfethersuffledrom old,'vb. spred ightly rloosely;packhops ightly: ChSl.7cypruilocker,or6s,'Czechkcyprylock-er; aufgelaufenvon Mehlspeisen'), tc.,whichBerneker 77 f.combineswithOBulg. 7cypetiwallen, uiberlaufen,'kt. kPbpyati' geratnWallung, iirnt,'opatibewegt ich, iihrtich,' tc. Tothese ddDan. hoven swollen,nflated,'ovne swellup,expand,'earlyNE. hoven swollen, loated, uftout,esp. of cattlewhichswellwithovereating,'ove raise, lift; swell, nflate, uff p orout; rise,swellout,'NE. huffa swellof sudden ngeror arro-gance, fit fpetulancer ll humor,' ial.huffblow, uff,reathehevily, ant; swell,puff p; rise n baking;become ngry, age,'hubble stir,bustle, onfusion,' obble, ubbleshake, olt,toss;moveunstedily,hakewitha quiveringmotion; warmwithver-min'(: Russ. 7cipet"wallen, sieden; aufbrausen;wimmeln'),EFris. hubbeln abwechselnduf undnieder teigen,ichwellen.formig ewegen.'

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206 MIODERN LANGUAGE NOTES*laks-or*loks-. In the atter ase compare leg- drip' in ON.leka drip, dribble,eak,'OE. leccan *lakjan) 'wet; water,'MLG.leckenlecken assen,distillieren,' HG. leckenbenetzen,' tc.Formeaning ompare iluge . v. Forelle.10. ON. svabi) 'slippery place,' svata, svebja glide, slip,''tcsi a placeexposedo thewind,'OE. sw-4p,wa1u track,race,'NE. swath a lineor ridgeofgrass, rgrain, ut and throwno-gether y a scythe,'MLG. swat, wade d., also 'furrow,' wade'scythe,' cel. sve-ja 'a largeknife,'Norw. vada shred or sliceoff, lake ff,' tc.maybe combined ithOBulg. chvatiti*suot_)'greif n,ergreifen(i. e. with swingingmotionike NE. swipe),Russ.chvatit' greifen,acken,' hvatuikiihner,ewandter,link-er Mensch'; OBulg. chytiti *si2t-) reisson, greifen, affen,'LRuss.chytatyerschiittern,ewegen,'hytkcyjschwankend,'tc.,on which ee Berneker,t. Wb. , 407, 414. For other elatedwords ee IE. az, 118, especially ith. siauczitu*seut-) 'tobe,wite.'

11. ON. seimrhoneycomb,' HG. seim Honigseim,'MDu.seem, u. zeem d.was usedprimarilyf the comb' notthehoneyitself. Hencethe aterdevelopment,s in NHG. seim,doesnotjustifyonnectionfthewordwithGr. atpua ' blood.' The honey-comb,' ecause f ts reticularurface,s heredescribeds 'corded,sewed,' parallelto OHG. waba Wabe,' primarilyweb.' Com-pare ON. seimr cord, rope': stme cord, string.' OE. sima'band, chain,' tc., nd Lett. schft *sju- nahen; Zellenmachen(vonBienen),' schutniHonigscheiben; ellenderBienen,' chiu-n5t locker, ellig, chwammig achen,'honeycomb,' ith. siuti'nahen': syva (*sitca a sewing') 'Honigseim': Skt. sivanam'das Nahen.'12. OE. camb honeycomb,' erm. kambo-,hefem. f camb'comb,'Germ. k-amba-,s likewise escriptivf thestriated ur-face of thehoneycomb,ithespecialreferenceo theinterstices.Hence theuseof NE. honeycombs a verb.13. Germ.*hreto(n)-honeycomb,' henceVulgar Lat. frataid., occursn OLFranc.rata,MDu. rate,Du. raat,MHG. r-ze,razetc. This is compared ithMHG. raz e) 'Scheiterhaufen,yre'(Kluge s. v. Ross ), OBulg. krada (*qroda) ' Scheiterhaufen,Holzstoss' (Franck, Et. Wb.,2530). This, however, oes notimply n originalmeaningGeflecht,Gewebe,' s Kluge claims,

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GERMANIC ETYMOLOGIES 207but s rather s if we should all thehoneycomb grateor grillin referenceo the ntersectingines.As a whole hehoneycombs also describeds a 'disk,' cake,''loaf,' as in NHG. honigscheibe,fladen,kIuchen,wed.honings-kaka, etc. Here belongOE. beo-breadbee-bred,honeycomb,'MHIHG.ie-briotHonigscheibe.'14. OE. scep 'sheep,' OS. scap, OHG. scaf d. mayrepresentpre-Germ.skebomr *skebnomor -pnom) shorn,fleest, lipt,stript animal).' Wemight ompareGoth. kaban shave,'Lith.skiapotischabein,'Gr. arKi7rapoY 'ax' if theseall belong o thee-series.In any case sheepmaybe derived rom he root*seq-'cut.'For meaninigompare N. faersheep,'Gr. 7rO'KOS ' a shearing,fleece,wool': 7rTiw ' shear,clip, pluck.' So also Gr. TrlaX(rra Twv7rpOfl3arTv 'sheep,goats should e explained ot as ' smallcattle,'but as 'clipt cattle': Xedrro' peeled off, tript,'X irw 'strip off,peel,' Xoiro's shell, husk,bark, ether, ide.' The fleece r peltsof sheepand goatswere mostfrequentlytript ff o serveasclothing.15. MILG.hoken Bdckchen,von Ziegenund Schafen,'OE.hecen kid'; hacele pelt) 'mantle,'Goth.hakulsd.,OBulg.koza'Ziege,' koza 'S'ppis, 8&eppa, ellis,'Russ.k6za ' abgezogenelaut,Fell, Leder; Haut derMenschen; chale von Fruchten,' ozura'Ilaut, Rinde,Schale,'etc. (cf. Berneker, t. Wb. , 595, 597)point o a root qog- r*qag-hack, tear, ease, tc.' Compare E.haccian hack,' OFris. tohakkiazerhacken,'MHG. hacken, tc.,hachel, echeliHechel,'NE. hatchel, etchel,eckle comb orflaxorhemp,'vb. comb,as flaxor hemp;tease withquestions,' E.haca 'hook,'hacod pike (fish) ; hocorderision,'primarilyacombing,eckling,easing,'OHG. huoh Spott': OBulg. s-kaziti'verderben, ernichten,'ro-kazaAussatz' (compareGr. XtWpo'scabby,scaly': XAErpaleprosy'), Russ. kazit' 'entstellen, er-derben, eschadigen,erstummeln,'ro-kazit'mutwillige treicheanstellen,' lov. kazttiverderben, erhunzen,'erb.-Cr. a-kaziti'entstellen, eichnenvon Gott zur Strafe),'nakazan von Gottgezeichnet,'tc. (incorrectlyombinedwithOBulg. c'eznQtier-l6schen,chwinden,' erneker98): Slov. kazen Strafe,'kazniti'strafen,'Russ. kaznit' hart strafn, heimsuchen; inrichten,'7kazniStrafe; llinrichtung,' Bulg. kazni Anordnung;Strafe,'kazati zeigen,mahnen,' tc.,primarilyscore,mark.'

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208 MODERN LANGUAGE NOTES16. NE. hectora bully;onewho eases rvexes,' b. threaten,bully;fret t, chide, cold,tease' is wrongly upposed o be aderivativfHector, heTrojanhero. It is probablyather nounof agencyderived rom n OE. *heccettan, freq.of haccian'hack.'17. Norw.tira stieren,genau zusehen,' ir Spahen, Glanz,'ON. tirrglory,honor,'OE., OS. tir d.,etc.may, n addition othewords sually iven, e compared ithLat. dirusportentous,ominous, oding, ll-omend, earful, wful; abominable, redful,horrible,' irae portents nlucky igns; Furies,' E. *diros ap-

pearing, ppearance, ight: glorious, lory; portentous,errible.'For thisdoublemeaning ompareheultimate elated kt. dtvyati'shine,'LRuss.dyvytya ' schauen,' Bulg.divii Wunder,' erb.-Cr. divan wunderbar, undersch6n,'zech div Wunder,'divnj'wunderbar, sonderbar, ehrecklich,'ORuss. divui 'Wunder,Schreckbild.'18. wwl-cyrigesorceress,' N. val-kyrja Walkiire' containsa Germ. kuzj5n- chooser, eer,'whichhas a counterpartn thissense n Lat. augur diviner,eer from avi-gus omen-chooser,omen-seer,'u-guriumtheobservancend nterpretationf omens,divination' forthefirst art avi- see Walde,Et. Wb.,2 3), au-gustus omen-chosen)consecrated, acred; worshipful,ugust':Skt. usta-,Av. zu?ta- beliebt,rwiinscht; 01G. kiosanpruifen,erforschen,ahrnehmen,ahlen,'MLG. kesen wahlen, suchen;sehen, emerken,'Swed. kifisabezaubern.'

FRANCIs A. WOOD.University of Chicago.TWO FOSTER BROTHERS OF D'ARTAGNAN

D'Artagnan asbecome,hanksoDumaspere, member fthegreat amily f iterary eroes. Fewreaders now ven henameofhis first iographer, atiende Courtilz,lthoDumasacknowl-edgeshis debt and has drawn omeof hismostfamous pisodesfrom hepseudo-memoirsublishedn 1700. WhereCourtilz othis informationustremain mystery.His claim to be actingmerely s theeditor fpapers eftbythefamousmusketeerwass For D'Artagnan, see Rev. pol. et lit., 10 mars 1888; Ch. Samaran,

D'Artagnan,Paris, 1912.