GERUND AND TO INFINITIVE

By Indria Ningsih, S.Pd.I, M.Ak

GerundsA gerund is a noun made from a verb by adding "-ing."

The gerund form of the verb: read --- reading write --- writing swim --- swimming *

GerundsUSE 1. Gerund is often used as a subject

Examples: Reading helps you learn English. Swimming is a good exercise.*

GerundsUSE 2. Gerund is used as an object after certain verbs.

Examples:I enjoy reading.She dislikes playing badminton.Have you finished working?*

GerundsGerunds is used after a preposition

Example:Before leaving the house, she checked all windows.*

GerundsGerunds can be made negative by adding "not."

Examples:He enjoys not working. The best thing for your health is not smoking.

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GerundsThe gerund is often used after certain verbs.

Examples:I dislike working after 5 pm.We enjoy hiking.She stopped working at 6 oclock.She suggested going for a movie.Farah keeps talking about her problems.

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GerundsGerund is used after certain expressions such as cant stand, cant bear, etc.

He cant help talking so loudly.I cant stand her smoking in the office.He cant bear having so much responsibility.

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InfinitivesInfinitives are the "to" form of the verb. The infinitive form of: learn ---- to learn give ---- to give

Examples:He wants to go now.They want to learn.*

InfinitivesInfinitives can be made negative by adding "not.

Examples:I decided not to go. The most important thing is not to give up.

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InfinitivesThe infinitive is used:After certain verbs, adjectives and nouns.

a. Verb + infinitive They hope to reach the party on time. I want to try the new ice-cream flavour.

b. Adjective + infinitive Im happy to hear you are well. Shes delighted to see him.c. Noun + infinitive Ive got some homework to do.*

InfinitivesThe infinitive is used:

2) To express a purposeI got up early to do homework.I have some letters to write.*

Infinitivesc) The infinitives can also follow certain nouns.

Nouns + infinitivesIts a high price to pay.Its time to take a break.He made a decision to take up extra subjects.*

Gerunds and InfinitivesSome verbs (e.g. love, hate, start, prefer) can take gerund or infinitive, with similar meanings.

Examples:I love to eat chocolates.I love eating chocolates.I started to polish the car, but then decided not to.I started polishing the car, but then decided not to.

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Gerunds and InfinitivesBE CAREFUL!A few verbs (such as stop, remember and forget) can be followed by either the gerund or the infinitive but the meanings are different.

Examples: They stopped having lunch at the restaurant. (They dont eat at the restaurant anymore)

They stopped to have lunch at the restaurant. (They stopped another activity in order to have lunch at the restaurant)

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Gerunds and InfinitivesExamples:

He remembered putting his keys on the table.He remembered to put his keys on the table.

Roy never forget eating dinner at the restaurant.Roy never forget to eat dinner.*

Gerunds and InfinitivesBE CAREFUL!To can be part of the infinitive or it can be a preposition. Use gerund after the preposition to.

Examples:I look forward to hearing from you. ()I look forward to hear from you. (X)

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Gerunds and InfinitivesPut the verbs in brackets into the gerund or the infinitive.I want _finishing/to finish____ (finish) work early tonight.I hate _waiting_____ (wait) for buses in the rain.Im going to the caf __to meet/meeting___ (meet) Anna.Sam is really good at _climbing____ (climb).Thank you for _being___ (be) so helpful.I enjoy __listening___ (listen) to the radio while cooking.Lets go now. Im worried about _missing____ (miss) the train.He refused _to help____ (help) me.*

Gerunds and InfinitivesPut the verbs in brackets into the gerund or the infinitive.

9.Theres a lot of work _to do_____ (do) in the new building.10. Whats this for? Its for _cooking______ (cook) the vegetables.11. I really love to play/playing_____ (play) with the children.12. ___swimming___ (swim) is a good form of exercise.13. I cant stand _doing____ (do) the washing-up.14. We managed _to pass_____ (pass) the exam by __testing___ (test) each other every evening.15. We were getting tired, so we stopped __having___ (have) lunch.16. I was surprised ____no to hear___ (not hear) about the new baby.

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